Statistics in Medicine

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Bayesian methods for health‐related decision making
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 563-567 - 2005
Joseph B. Kadane
AbstractThis article reviews the basics of Bayesian decision theory, and comments on its use in medical decision making. It emphasizes the subjectivity of the probability and utility inputs, and the desirability, in certain contexts, of representing several decision makers, each with his or her own probabilities and utilities. Applications and ethical consideration...... hiện toàn bộ
Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 27 Số 15 - Trang 2865-2873 - 2008
Andrew Gelman
AbstractInterpretation of regression coefficients is sensitive to the scale of the inputs. One method often used to place input variables on a common scale is to divide each numeric variable by its standard deviation. Here we propose dividing each numeric variable by two times its standard deviation, so that the generic comparison is with...... hiện toàn bộ
Test statistics and sample size formulae for comparative binomial trials with null hypothesis of non‐zero risk difference or non‐unity relative risk
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 9 Số 12 - Trang 1447-1454 - 1990
Paddy Farrington, George W. Manning
AbstractWhen it is required to establish a materially significant difference between two treatments, or, alternatively, to show that two treatments are equivalent, standard test statistics and sample size formulae based on a null hypothesis of no difference no longer apply. This paper reviews some of the test statistics and sample size formulae proposed for compara...... hiện toàn bộ
Maximum likelihood regression methods for paired binary data
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 9 Số 12 - Trang 1517-1525 - 1990
S. Lipsitz, Nan M. Laird, David P. Harrington
AbstractWe discuss maximum likelihood methods for analysing binary responses measured at two times, such as in a cross‐over design. We construct a 2 × 2 table for each individual with cell probabilities corresponding to the cross‐classification of the responses at the two times; the underlying likelihood for each individual is multinomial with four cells. The three...... hiện toàn bộ
Heterogeneity in phase I clinical trials: prior elicitation and computation using the continual reassessment method
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 867-882 - 2001
Anna Legedza, Joseph G. Ibrahim
AbstractHeterogeneity in a phase I clinical trial patient population may lead to distinctly different dose–response relationships along covariate values. For a given target probability of toxicity, this implies different maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) for each distinct subpopulation. Within the framework of O'Quigley, Pepe and Fisher's (1990) continual reassessment...... hiện toàn bộ
A case for bayesianism in clinical trials
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 12 Số 15-16 - Trang 1377-1393 - 1993
Donald A. Berry
AbstractThis paper describes a Bayesian approach to the design and analysis of clinical trials, and compares it with the frequentist approach. Both approaches address learning under uncertainty. But they are different in a variety of ways. The Bayesian approach is more flexible. For example, accumulating data from a clinical trial can be used to update Bayesian mea...... hiện toàn bộ
Classification accuracy and cut point selection
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 31 Số 23 - Trang 2676-2686 - 2012
Xinhua Liu
In biomedical research and practice, quantitative tests or biomarkers are often used for diagnostic or screening purposes, with a cut point established on the quantitative measurement to aid binary classification. This paper introduces an alternative to the traditional methods based on the Youden index and the closest‐to‐(0, 1) criterion for threshold selection. A concordance probability e...... hiện toàn bộ
Exposure-wide epidemiology: revisiting Bradford Hill
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 35 Số 11 - Trang 1749-1762 - 2016
John P. A. Ioannidis
Sample size calculations for comparative studies of medical tests for detecting presence of disease
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 21 Số 6 - Trang 835-852 - 2002
Todd A. Alonzo, Margaret S. Pepe, Chaya S. Moskowitz
AbstractTechnologic advances give rise to new tests for detecting disease in many fields, including cancer and sexually transmitted disease. Before a new disease screening test is approved for public use, its accuracy should be shown to be better than or at least not inferior to an existing test. Standards do not yet exist for designing and analysing studies to add...... hiện toàn bộ
Sample sizes for clinical trials with Normal data
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 23 Số 12 - Trang 1921-1986 - 2004
Steven A. Julious
AbstractThis article gives an overview of sample size calculations for parallel group and cross‐over studies with Normal data. Sample size derivation is given for trials where the objective is to demonstrate: superiority, equivalence, non‐inferiority, bioequivalence and estimation to a given precision, for different types I and II errors. It is demonstrated how the...... hiện toàn bộ
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