Statistics in Medicine

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Bayesian methods for health‐related decision making
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 563-567 - 2005
Joseph B. Kadane
AbstractThis article reviews the basics of Bayesian decision theory, and comments on its use in medical decision making. It emphasizes the subjectivity of the probability and utility inputs, and the desirability, in certain contexts, of representing several decision makers, each with his or her own probabilities and utilities. Applications and ethical consideration...... hiện toàn bộ
Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 27 Số 15 - Trang 2865-2873 - 2008
Andrew Gelman
AbstractInterpretation of regression coefficients is sensitive to the scale of the inputs. One method often used to place input variables on a common scale is to divide each numeric variable by its standard deviation. Here we propose dividing each numeric variable by two times its standard deviation, so that the generic comparison is with...... hiện toàn bộ
Test statistics and sample size formulae for comparative binomial trials with null hypothesis of non‐zero risk difference or non‐unity relative risk
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 9 Số 12 - Trang 1447-1454 - 1990
Paddy Farrington, George W. Manning
AbstractWhen it is required to establish a materially significant difference between two treatments, or, alternatively, to show that two treatments are equivalent, standard test statistics and sample size formulae based on a null hypothesis of no difference no longer apply. This paper reviews some of the test statistics and sample size formulae proposed for compara...... hiện toàn bộ
Spatial disease clusters: Detection and inference
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 14 Số 8 - Trang 799-810 - 1995
Martin Kulldorff, Neville Nagarwalla
AbstractWe present a new method of detection and inference for spatial clusters of a disease. To avoid ad hoc procedures to test for clustering, we have a clearly defined alternative hypothesis and our test statistic is based on the likelihood ratio. The proposed test can detect clusters of any size, located anywhere in the study region. ...... hiện toàn bộ
Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 27 Số 2 - Trang 157-172 - 2008
Michael Preuß, Ralph B. D' Agostino, Ramachandran S. Vasan
AbstractIdentification of key factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and quantification of this risk using multivariable prediction algorithms are among the major advances made in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology in the 20th century. The ongoing discovery of new risk markers by scientists presents opportunities an...... hiện toàn bộ
Investigations of excess environmental risks around putative sources: Statistical problems and a proposed test
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 7 Số 6 - Trang 649-660 - 1988
Richard A. Stone
AbstractIndividual reactions to a report which identifies an excess of risk near a putative source are determined mainly by some quoted significance level. One reaction, involving a commonly used ‘coincidence’ argument is given a simple Bayesian explanation. It is argued that interpretations of such reports should if possible allow both for data selection and for u...... hiện toàn bộ
Maximum likelihood regression methods for paired binary data
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 9 Số 12 - Trang 1517-1525 - 1990
S. Lipsitz, Nan M. Laird, David P. Harrington
AbstractWe discuss maximum likelihood methods for analysing binary responses measured at two times, such as in a cross‐over design. We construct a 2 × 2 table for each individual with cell probabilities corresponding to the cross‐classification of the responses at the two times; the underlying likelihood for each individual is multinomial with four cells. The three...... hiện toàn bộ
Heterogeneity in phase I clinical trials: prior elicitation and computation using the continual reassessment method
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 867-882 - 2001
Anna Legedza, Joseph G. Ibrahim
AbstractHeterogeneity in a phase I clinical trial patient population may lead to distinctly different dose–response relationships along covariate values. For a given target probability of toxicity, this implies different maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) for each distinct subpopulation. Within the framework of O'Quigley, Pepe and Fisher's (1990) continual reassessment...... hiện toàn bộ
Comparative analysis of two rates
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 4 Số 2 - Trang 213-226 - 1985
Olli S. Miettinen, Markku Nurminen
AbstractIn this paper, we examine comparative analysis of rates with a view to each of the usual comparative parameters‐rate difference (RD), rate ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR)‐and with particular reference to first principles. For RD and RR we show the prevailing statistical practices to be rather poor. We stress the need for restricted estimation of variance in ...... hiện toàn bộ
Multiple imputation: review of theory, implementation and software
Statistics in Medicine - Tập 26 Số 16 - Trang 3057-3077 - 2007
Ofer Harel, Xiao‐Hua Zhou
AbstractMissing data is a common complication in data analysis. In many medical settings missing data can cause difficulties in estimation, precision and inference. Multiple imputation (MI) (Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley: New York, 1987) is a simulation‐based approach to deal with incomplete data. Although there ar...... hiện toàn bộ
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