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Exorbitant mortality of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts Salmo salar L., in the Meuse river system in the Netherlands
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 - Trang 97-109 - 2013
Niels Brevé, Hendry Vis, Igor Spierts, Gerard de Laak, Franklin Moquette, André Breukelaar
Stocking Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in the Meuse river system is unsuccessful, since hardly any adults return upstream. To investigate problems during seaward migration, individual salmon smolts were tracked in the Dutch part of the river Meuse, using the Nedap Trail® system. The study included a comparison for two seasons, one with high (2010) and one with low (2011) discharge conditions. Cultivated smolts (Loire-Allier strain, n = 100 per year) were implanted with telemetry tags and released in the tributary Roer in March, at the beginning of the natural smolt run. The study area was split into four river sections each characterized by different conditions: tributary Roer, main river Meuse extensively dammed, main river Meuse free flowing and the estuary. Mortalities differed considerably between sections. In the free flowing river Meuse the mortalities were relatively low (10 and 25 %). Mortalities were high in the tributary (44 and 45 %), the dammed river (46 and 49 %) and in the estuary (89 and 90 %). Only 2 and 3 % of the smolts escaped into the North Sea. Results are discussed in relation to environmental factors light and discharge and the presence of man-made obstacles: weirs, hydropower plants and a sea lock. A lack of current and delays at man-made obstacles result in disorientation of fish, a higher risk of predation and disturbance of the smolt run timing. Mortality causes must decrease for sustaining a salmon population in the Meuse.
A ‘coastal-hazard GIS’ for Sri Lanka
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2009
Jean-François Desprats, Manuel Garcin, Nishanta Attanayake, Rodrigo Pedreros, Cheer Siriwardana, Mélanie Fontaine, Starin Fernando, Udaya De Silva
Following the 2004 tsunami disaster in Sri Lanka, it was apparent that mapping the coast’s vulnerability was essential for future protection of the local populations. We therefore developed a prototype ‘Coastal-hazard GIS’ for Sri Lanka so as to provide an effective tool for decision makers to limit the impact of natural coastal hazards such as sea level rise, tsunamis, storm surges and coastal erosion, and thus protect the exposed assets (population, property, settlements, communications networks, etc.). The prototype was developed on a pilot site in Galle through building up homogeneous data on the land/sea interface from studies conducted on the exposure of the coastal populations, the aim being to enable an evaluation of the hazards combined with the vulnerability and thus an analysis of the risks. Coastal risk scenarios are developed so as to estimate the impacts and consequences of an event (tsunami, storm, etc.) on the assets, the principle behind this being that if, in general, the coastal hazard cannot be decreased, then a better knowledge of it through simulation should make it possible to limit the vulnerability and thus the risk. The Coastal-hazard GIS will also provide a planning tool in terms of locating new settlements, expanding urban areas, siting coastal protection works, etc.
The benefits of guide training for sustainable cetacean-based tourism in developing countries, case study – Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve, Mozambique
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2022
Diana Rocha, Sarah A. Marley, Benjamin Drakeford, Jonathan Potts, Angie Gullan
Tour guides represent the forefront of responsible Cetacean-Based Tourism (CBT), client satisfaction and product development. How an operation and specifically the guide facilitates the activity can shape tourists’ attitudes and change their behaviour towards the environment, turning consumers into stewards of the environment. This study examined the validity and success of a guide training workshop for CBT operators in the Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve (PPMR), Mozambique. A questionnaire survey was implemented pre- and post-training to measure the operators’ knowledge of aspects related to CBT and attitudes towards sustainable tourism and local regulations. Results suggest that the training workshop improved guide knowledge, which in some cases showed significant variations according to demographic variables namely, gender, education, and years of experience in the current job position. Mandatory guide training is recommended and should include not only product knowledge but also content on visitors’ expectations, interpretive guiding, and experience brokering. Presential training, refresher sessions, and English lessons are also advised. If these recommendations are put in place, then there is the potential for sustainable CBT to flourish in Mozambique, bringing much needed environmental and economic sustainability to this developing country.
The Contamination of Groundwater and Possible Remedial Measures in the Coastal Zone of Purba Medinipur, India
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 27 - Trang 1-23 - 2023
Souvik Chakraborty, Chandi Rajak, Subhasish Das
Groundwater study is interdisciplinary in nature. To understand groundwater, it is essential to be informed about the lithology of the study area. In this article rock types existing in entire India have been thoroughly discussed. It has also been discussed the depth of the water level in the aquifers of the eastern part of India which is quite high compared to its western counterpart both in the pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon periods. It has discussed the groundwater availability and groundwater draft in the entire India. The annual available groundwater level in West Bengal is very high but the groundwater draft is also quite large there. Since there is continuous freshwater scarcity in the Purba Medinipur coastal locality in West Bengal, it has been taken as the study area. Precipitation is also quite high in Purba Medinipur. The groundwater level has declined due to the progress over time. Population increase in Purba Medinipur is ~ 0.75% per annum which is very high resulting in groundwater level decline. A total of 87 specimens of water were procured by Public Health Engineering Directorate in the years 2017-18 from the study area. The tested water quality results of all these samples were examined in this study. The concerned area is declared as saline prone area. Groundwater contamination in the concerned area has been found out. On that basis the present condition several preventive measures have been suggested among which hybrid technology is suggested to be the best.
Disaster sensitive landscape planning for the coastal megacity of Istanbul
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 19 - Trang 729-742 - 2015
Fatma Aycim Turer Baskaya
The 21st century will bring about chaotic environmental issues that are likely to be challenging and which will need innovative solutions. As one of these challenging issues, this study focuses on the at-risk coastal megacity of Istanbul and examines the role of the landscape architecture within the multidisciplinary structure of disaster management. This study includes two of the most at-risk southern coastal districts of Istanbul: Bakirkoy and Kadikoy, and evaluates their open spaces for emergency response by utilizing GIS technology. The evaluation process developed within this study constitutes six phases: examining the landscape and its changes, detecting current urban elements, eliminating unavailable urban elements for emergency response, defining open space and cluster types for the post-earthquake period, assigning clusters and open spaces, and defining strategies. This study highlights the importance of urban open spaces that are planned and designed in a disaster sensitive way for a more effective emergency response. By examining two at-risk coastal districts of Istanbul, this study develops a disaster sensitive planning approach toward the emergency response period, which will enable the generation of long-term disaster sensitive landscape strategies. This study is an attempt to further disaster sensitive landscape studies in the belief that coastal megacity of Istanbul will benefit from them.
Reintroduction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Dutch Wadden Sea; Review of research and suggestions for management measures
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 2 - Trang 149-158 - 2014
V. N. de Jonge, D. J. de Jong, J. van den Bergs
Eelgras (Zostera marina L.) in the Dutch Wadden Sea historically covered an area varying from 65–150 km2 in the eulittoral as well as the sublittoral zones. At present, this area comprises less than 1 km2 eulittoral eelgrass stands, with an associated decrease in habitat diversity. The causes for this decline are presumably connected with the ‘wasting disease’ and the closure of the former Zuiderzee in the early 1930s resulting in increased tidal range and increased currents. After a slight recovery of the eelgrass populations on the intertidal flats a definite decline started in the early 1970s, possibly connected to increased turbidity. The present water quality and turbidity do not negatively influence eelgrass growth up to a depth of at least 0.6m below Mean Sea Level. Based on mesocosm experiments and field experiments it is concluded that re-establishment of eelgrass should be possible in sheltered bays and on unexposed tidal falts. The most suitable depths for a reintroduction are those between 0 and 20–40 cm below mean sea level.
Substantial uptake of atmospheric and groundwater nitrogen by dune slacks under different water table regimes
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 22 - Trang 615-622 - 2018
J. Rhymes, H. Wallace, S. Y. Tang, T. Jones, N. Fenner, L. Jones
Dune slacks are biodiverse seasonal wetlands which experience considerable fluctuations in water table depths. They are subject to multiple threats such as eutrophication and climate change, and the interactions of both of these pressures are poorly understood. In this study we measured the impact of groundwater nitrogen contamination, as ammonium nitrate (0, 0.2, 10 mg/L of DIN, dissolved inorganic nitrogen), lowered water table depth (lowered by 10 cm) and the interactions of these factors, in a mesocosm study. We measured gross nutrient budgets, evapotranspiration rates, the growth of individual species and plant tissue chemistry. This study found that nitrogen uptake within dune slack habitats is substantial. Atmospheric inputs of 23 kg N ha−1 yr.−1 were retained by the mesocosms, with no increase of nutrient levels in the groundwater, i.e. there was no leaching of excess N. When N was added to the groundwater (in addition to atmospheric N), total uptake was equivalent to 116 kg N ha−1 yr.−1, at a groundwater DIN concentration of 10 mg/L. This resulted in increased plant tissue N concentrations showing uptake by the vegetation. The effect of lowering water tables did not influence N uptake, but did alter vegetation composition. This suggests that groundwater can be a substantial input of N to these habitats and should be considered in combination with atmospheric inputs, when assessing potential ecosystem damage.
Holy Island coast, Anglesey: a review of conservation management, issues and solutions
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 19 - Trang 875-883 - 2014
J. B. Ratcliffe, D. M. Bateson
The coast of Holy Island, situated off the Isle of Anglesey, Wales, is recognised for its geological, biological, cultural, aesthetic and recreational values by multiple conservation designations. The ecological functions of geology, climate, soil, biota, human history and current management in shaping this landscape are outlined. Much of the site is now managed by the RSPB as their “South Stack” nature reserve. The challenge of addressing the sometimes conflicting objectives of diverse interests in an iconic landscape is described. Solutions have developed through monitoring of key features and understanding of ecological relationships and through close liaison between local managers and the various communities of interest. In the process pioneering approaches have been developed which are now accepted practice elsewhere.
Working together: collaborative decision making for sustainable Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 23 - Trang 959-968 - 2018
Christina Gillgren, Josianne G. Støttrup, Johanna Schumacher, Grete E. Dinesen
Community involvement and genuine engagement with citizens is an important, integral element of the Systems Approach Framework (SAF). The SAF provides a structure for an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) process using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates environmental, social and economic viability and well-being. An assessment of the SAF and its application with respect to citizen engagement and participation uncovered two main issues: (i) the implications of engaging stakeholders have not been fully understood and are still not an integral part of the SAF ICM process; and (ii) the need to include validation. This article sets out to address these issues. It explores the paradigm shift in government-citizen interaction that moves from a management “outputs”-based approach to a more collaborative partnership approach focused on “outcomes”. This shift necessitates a more robust public participation framework that is timely, iterative and genuinely inclusive. Without community and stakeholder “buy-in” it is difficult to achieve the behavioural change necessary to achieve sustainability. Engagement considerations should be addressed from the outset and throughout the process to the “Implementation” and “Monitoring and Evaluation” steps. Furthermore, this paper identifies the need to move beyond these steps to include validation in the SAF, especially when dealing with highly complex issues. In this way, citizens take ownership of the issue(s), participate in identifying solutions and strive to maintain sustainable development. This paper provides the necessary input to how the SAF can integrate credible public participation for outcomes that are more successful and lead to greater sustainability and improved social capital.
Coastal landscape and the Greek spatial planning: evidence from windpower in the South Aegean islands
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 22 - Trang 1129-1142 - 2018
Georgios Tsilimigkas, Maria Pafi, Anestis Gourgiotis
This paper discusses issues about the coastal and the insular landscape integration in the Greek spatial planning framework. Case study area is the region of the South Aegean, where the proliferation of wind turbines is one of the principal factors of landscape change. The methodological approach adopted is mainly quantitative and is based on viewshed analysis. This paper is also demonstrates that zones with varying impact on landscape can be identified. It also emerges that the spatial planning framework in Greece promotes an ad hoc project-led instead of a plan-based approach to coastal and insular landscape management.
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