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Dopamine transporters in the cerebellum of mutant mice
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 4 - Trang 105-111 - 2005
In the central nervous system, dopamine is known to play a critical role in motor and cognitive functions. Although the cerebellum plays a role in the control of movement and posture and in cognitive functions, it has not been considered to be a dopaminergic region and the dopamine present was thought to represent a precursor of noradrenaline. However, recent evidence suggests that in the cerebell......
Extracerebellar MRI—Lesions in Ataxia Telangiectasia Go Along with Deficiency of the GH/IGF-1 Axis, Markedly Reduced Body Weight, High Ataxia Scores and Advanced Age
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 9 - Trang 190-197 - 2009
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive ataxia, neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. Pathoanatomical studies reported a degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells as the striking feature of the disease. Although recent studies suggested the involvement of extracerebellar structures such as the brainstem and basal gang......
Brain development, environment and sex: what can we learn from studying graviperception, gravitransduction and the gravireaction of the developing CNS to altered gravity?
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 7 - Trang 223-239 - 2008
As man embarks on space exploration and contemplates space habitation, there is a critical need for basic understanding of the impact of the environmental factors of space, and in particular gravity, on human survival, health, reproduction and development. This review summarizes our present knowledge on the effect of altered gravity on the developing CNS with respect to the response of the develop......
Are Purkinje Cell Pauses Drivers of Classically Conditioned Blink Responses?Abstract
Several lines of evidence show that classical or Pavlovian conditioning of blink responses depends on the cerebellum. Recordings from cerebellar Purkinje cells that control the eyelid and the conditioned blink show that during training with a conditioning protocol, a Purkinje cell develops a pause response to the conditional stimulus. This condit... ...
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 15 Số 4 - Trang 526-534 - 2016
Developmental Gene Expression Profile of Axon Guidance Cues in Purkinje Cells During Cerebellar Circuit Formation
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 13 - Trang 307-317 - 2014
The establishment of precise neural circuits during development involves a variety of contact-mediated and secreted guidance molecules that are expressed in a complementary fashion by different cell types. To build a functional circuit, each cell type must first trigger an intrinsic genetic program that is led by their environment at a key time point. It is therefore essential to identify the diff......
Tremor-Dominant Cervical Dystonia: a Cerebellar Syndrome
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 20 - Trang 300-305 - 2020
The objective of this study is to examine the role of the cerebellum in the tremor-dominant subtype of cervical dystonia (CD). CD patients with head tremor at onset (Tr-CD) were age- and sex-matched to CD patients without head tremor at onset (nTr-CD). All patients were evaluated for cerebellar disability using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), gait variability using ProtoK......
Greater Disruption to Control of Voluntary Saccades in Autistic Disorder than Asperger’s Disorder: Evidence for Greater Cerebellar Involvement in Autism?
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 - Trang 70-80 - 2010
It remains unclear whether autism and Asperger’s disorder (AD) exist on a symptom continuum or are separate disorders with discrete neurobiological underpinnings. In addition to impairments in communication and social cognition, motor deficits constitute a significant clinical feature in both disorders. It has been suggested that motor deficits and in particular the integrity of cerebellar modulat......
Molecular and synaptic organization of GABAA receptors in the cerebellum: Effects of targeted subunit gene deletions
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 5 - Trang 275-285 - 2006
GABAA receptors form heteromeric GABA-gated chloride channels assembled from a large family of subunit genes. In cerebellum, distinct GABAA receptor subtypes, differing in subunit composition, are segregated between cell types and synaptic circuits. The cerebellum therefore represents a useful system to investigate the significance of GABAA receptor heterogeneity. For instance, studies of mice car......
Extinction and Renewal of Conditioned Eyeblink Responses in Focal Cerebellar Disease
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 - Trang 166-177 - 2018
Extinction of conditioned aversive responses (CR) has been shown to be context-dependent. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are of particular importance. The cerebellum may contribute to context-related processes because of its known connections with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Context dependency of extinction can be demonstrated by the renewal effect. When CR acquisition takes plac......
Noradrenergic Pathway to the Cerebellum: the Study Must Go On
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 22 - Trang 1052-1054 - 2022
In 1967, Andén, Fuxe, and Ungerstedt demonstrated the presence of monoamine-containing fibers in the rat cerebellum. Over the past 50 years, this finding has provided clinical relevance of the noradrenergic system to the cerebellum. Cerebellar dysfunction and noradrenergic system may relate to tremor in Parkinson disease and essential tremor, motor learning, and the vestibulo–ocular reflex in spin......
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