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Solar Surface Convection
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 6 - Trang 1-117 - 2009
We review the properties of solar convection that are directly observable at the solar surface, and discuss the relevant underlying physics, concentrating mostly on a range of depths from the temperature minimum down to about 20 Mm below the visible solar surface. The properties of convection at the main energy carrying (granular) scales are tightly constrained by observations, in particular by th......
Flare Observations
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 1-59 - 2016
Solar flares are observed at all wavelengths from decameter radio waves to gamma-rays beyond 1 GeV. This review focuses on recent observations in EUV, soft and hard X-rays, white light, and radio waves. Space missions such as RHESSI, Yohkoh, TRACE, SOHO, and more recently Hinode and SDO have enlarged widely the observational base. They have revealed a number of surprises: Coronal sources appear be......
Quiet Sun magnetic fields: an observational view
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 16 Số 1 - 2019
Magnetism, dynamo action and the solar-stellar connection
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 1-133 - 2017
The Sun and other stars are magnetic: magnetism pervades their interiors and affects their evolution in a variety of ways. In the Sun, both the fields themselves and their influence on other phenomena can be uncovered in exquisite detail, but these observations sample only a moment in a single star’s life. By turning to observations of other stars, and to theory and simulation, we may infer other ......
The Sun and the Earth’s Climate
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 4 - Trang 1-64 - 2007
Variations in solar activity, at least as observed in numbers of sunspots, have been apparent since ancient times but to what extent solar variability may affect global climate has been far more controversial. The subject had been in and out of fashion for at least two centuries but the current need to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change has brought it again to t......
Wave Modeling of the Solar Wind
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 7 - Trang 1-48 - 2010
The acceleration and heating of the solar wind have been studied for decades using satellite observations and models. However, the exact mechanism that leads to solar wind heating and acceleration is poorly understood. In order to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms that are involved in these processes a combination of modeling and observational analysis is required. Recent models......
Astrospheres and Solar-like Stellar Winds
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 1 - Trang 1-52 - 2004
Stellar analogs for the solar wind have proven to be frustratingly difficult to detect directly. However, these stellar winds can be studied indirectly by observing the interaction regions carved out by the collisions between these winds and the interstellar medium (ISM). These interaction regions are called “astrospheres”, analogous to the “heliosphere” surrounding the Sun. The heliosphere and as......
The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 12 - Trang 1-76 - 2015
We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in the Sun and stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP) effect observed in the solar corona and slow-speed wind, and in the coronae of solar-like dwarf stars, and the “inverse FIP” effect seen in the corona of stars of later spectral type; specifically M dwarfs. These effects relate to the enhancement or d......
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