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Magnetism, dynamo action and the solar-stellar connection
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 1-133 - 2017
The Sun and other stars are magnetic: magnetism pervades their interiors and
affects their evolution in a variety of ways. In the Sun, both the fields
themselves and their influence on other phenomena can be uncovered in exquisite
detail, but these observations sample only a moment in a single star’s life. By
turning to observations of other stars, and to theory and simulation, we may
infer other ...
Solar Surface Convection
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 6 - Trang 1-117 - 2009
We review the properties of solar convection that are directly observable at the
solar surface, and discuss the relevant underlying physics, concentrating mostly
on a range of depths from the temperature minimum down to about 20 Mm below the
visible solar surface. The properties of convection at the main energy carrying
(granular) scales are tightly constrained by observations, in particular by th...
The Sun and the Earth’s Climate
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 4 - Trang 1-64 - 2007
Variations in solar activity, at least as observed in numbers of sunspots, have
been apparent since ancient times but to what extent solar variability may
affect global climate has been far more controversial. The subject had been in
and out of fashion for at least two centuries but the current need to
distinguish between natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change has
brought it again to t...
Wave Modeling of the Solar Wind
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 7 - Trang 1-48 - 2010
The acceleration and heating of the solar wind have been studied for decades
using satellite observations and models. However, the exact mechanism that leads
to solar wind heating and acceleration is poorly understood. In order to improve
the understanding of the physical mechanisms that are involved in these
processes a combination of modeling and observational analysis is required.
Recent models...
Astrospheres and Solar-like Stellar Winds
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 1 - Trang 1-52 - 2004
Stellar analogs for the solar wind have proven to be frustratingly difficult to
detect directly. However, these stellar winds can be studied indirectly by
observing the interaction regions carved out by the collisions between these
winds and the interstellar medium (ISM). These interaction regions are called
“astrospheres”, analogous to the “heliosphere” surrounding the Sun. The
heliosphere and as...
The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 12 - Trang 1-76 - 2015
We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in the
Sun and stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP) effect
observed in the solar corona and slow-speed wind, and in the coronae of
solar-like dwarf stars, and the “inverse FIP” effect seen in the corona of stars
of later spectral type; specifically M dwarfs. These effects relate to the
enhancement or d...
Flare Observations
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 1-59 - 2016
Solar flares are observed at all wavelengths from decameter radio waves to
gamma-rays beyond 1 GeV. This review focuses on recent observations in EUV, soft
and hard X-rays, white light, and radio waves. Space missions such as RHESSI,
Yohkoh, TRACE, SOHO, and more recently Hinode and SDO have enlarged widely the
observational base. They have revealed a number of surprises: Coronal sources
appear be...
Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 - Trang 1-66 - 2013
This is an overview of the solar modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere.
It is a broad topic with numerous intriguing aspects so that a research
framework has to be chosen to concentrate on. The review focuses on the basic
paradigms and departure points without presenting advanced theoretical or
observational details for which there exists a large number of comprehensive
reviews. Instead, em...
Sunspot Modeling: From Simplified Models to Radiative MHD Simulations
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 8 - Trang 1-60 - 2011
We review our current understanding of sunspots from the scales of their fine
structure to their large scale (global) structure including the processes of
their formation and decay. Recently, sunspot models have undergone a dramatic
change. In the past, several aspects of sunspot structure have been addressed by
static MHD models with parametrized energy transport. Models of sunspot fine
structure...
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