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The potential estimation and cost analysis of wind energy production in Oman
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 24 - Trang 5917-5937 - 2021
Selecting the wrong turbine can result in a massive financial mistake. Hence, this paper investigated three research questions. First, which region in Oman has greater potential in wind energy generation? Which type of wind turbines is the most suitable for the south and north regions of Oman? Second, what makes this turbine the best option for the south and north regions of Oman? In this study, 36 different types of wind turbines were evaluated using the HOMER Pro software. The evaluated turbines had a production capacity starting from 500 kW and were assessed for their suitability for electricity production in two villages-one in the north and the other in the south of Oman which will represent the north and south regions of Oman. Each of these villages has an electric load demand of 10 MW. Each turbine was evaluated in terms of the percentage of unmet electric load and the cost of energy production. The results show that most of the turbines evaluated performed better in the south compared to the north which indicated that the south has a greater potential in wind energy application. The Leitwind 90 1000 kW turbine proved most suitable in both the northern and southern locations as it gave the lowest cost of energy which are US$ 0.0606 per kW and US$ 0.0453 per kW in the north and south, respectively, and the lowest unmet electric load which are 59.3% in the north and 45.6% in the south compared to the other types of wind turbines.
Vulnerability assessment of urban waterbodies based on WRASTIC model
Springer Science and Business Media LLC -
Eco-design requisites for solar desaltification still augmented evacuated annular tube collectors with parabolic concentrator: an optimum-environ-economic viability
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 25 - Trang 11057-11094 - 2022
In this paper, an eco-design criterion for a novel solar desaltification setup (SDS) with evacuated annular tube collector (EATC) and a specific set of modified combination of parabolic concentrator has been examined for maximum performance with environmental and economic circumstances. This technique approaches to rectify the irregular utilization of EATC for optimum performance with environ-economic viabilities, which evidently satisfies the eco-design requirements and boosts the solar absorption capabilities uniformly along the periphery of vacuum tubes, and results improved thermo-syphon loom significantly more than in typical applications. The suggested unit is being refined and improved water temperature by 11.4% while keeping the basin lid and annular tubes at the same direction (30°). An incremental improvement in thermo-syphon circulation of 28.1% obtained through the present study. The average solar intensity of the respective clear day has been found as 401.8 kW and the overall energy and exergy efficiency on a daily basis are 50.8%, and 3.8%, correspondingly. At a minimal retail price of 0.07 $/l, and improved daily output by 12.3 kg per day than the typical SDS-EATC system taken for comparison into consideration are determined to be more satisfactory. 131.97 and 67.44 tons alleviates for $1318.36 and $673.77 from environmental generated money based on energy-exergy are there for CO2, respectfully. The setup cost is noticeably reduced by 9.15% to the comparative system, and its productivity is determined to be 940.8% (> 100%), and this indicates that the present system is highly viable and appreciable for the feasible adaptation with the positive environ-economic possibilities.
Charles R. Goldman, Michio Kumagai, Richard D. Robarts: Climatic change and global warming of inland waters. Impacts and mitigation for ecosystems and societies
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 17 - Trang 199-200 - 2014
Environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation in Eastern Europe: a panel cointegration analysis
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 25 - Trang 9267-9287 - 2022
Deforestation, a major cause of climate change, in Eastern European countries has been an activity coupled with agricultural expansion mainly within the time period of political transition. The present study examines the environmental impact of deforestation and its association with agricultural income as synopsized in environmental Kuznets curve. More specifically, carbon emissions generated by deforestation per hectare (COD)–agricultural income relationship as reflected by the net value added (NVA) per capita of the rural population are studied with the assistance of three panel data models, namely the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and Poold Mean Group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) cointegration technique. The research findings do not validate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in its traditional form, but they verify the inverse N-shaped trajectory (FMOLS, DOLS), or N-shaped trajectory (PMG–ARDL methodology). The results provide policy makers with motivation to focus on agro-economic expansion based on productivity or use of marginal lands and not on land-use change based on deforestation.
A development in the approach of assessing the sensitivity of road networks to environmental hazards using functional machine learning algorithm and fractal methods
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - Trang 1-29 - 2023
Natural hazards are considered one of the greatest challenges today. Preventing transformation processes that lead to risk and then, crisis need a structural-strategic approach. An approach that can identify the issues and challenges ahead in a systematic and comprehensive method by formulating an operational plan can provide resilience and reduce vulnerability of human settlements and urban infrastructures. The road networks as one of the most important urban elements having a crucial role in management of crisis during the occurrence of natural crises (such as earthquakes) aid in the transferring the injured and rescue forces. The main purpose of this study was to determine the vulnerability of urban road networks for earthquake risk with neural network and machines learning algorithms with a comparative and systematic approach. In order to identify the most accurate and efficient model, a comparative comparison between neural network model (ANN) and machine learning algorithms including ADTree and KNN was carried out. The results of the present study in evaluating the structural condition of the urban road network with Fractal Dimension on hazardous and vulnerable zones showed that these zones were of low fractal dimension, and the distribution and differentiation of roads were low, reducing the efficiency of the road network at times of crisis. Other results of the present research on the application of machine learning algorithms indicate that the accuracy of the ADTree algorithm was equal to 1. In addition, at the stage of measuring the efficiency of the model with the Classification metrics algorithm, the ADTree algorithm efficiency was equal to 1. However, the accuracy of the KNN algorithm (K-Nearest Neighbors) and the artificial neural network model in predicting the vulnerability of the internal road network was equal to 0.92% and 0.98%, respectively. Therefore, since the degree of accuracy of the ADTree algorithm was higher, it is the most accurate and efficient algorithm to predict the vulnerability of the road network at times of the occurrence of hazardous events, and it can be useful and effective in decision-making of policy makers and planners in pre-crisis management.
Extending theory of planned behavior in household waste sorting in China: the moderating effect of knowledge, personal involvement, and moral responsibility
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2021
Questioning Community Based Coral Reef Management Systems: Case Study of Awig-Awig in Gili Indah, Indonesia
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 8 - Trang 99-118 - 2006
Issues and complexities arising when the fisheries and marine tourism sectors have stakes in an institution governing the coral reefs ecosystem called awig-awig are discussed, awig-awig is a colloquialism meaning ‘a local rule’. The community-based management system is commonly recognized as a better approach to governing resources, however, the success of awig-awig in the study area is questionable. Awig-awig fails to deal with the conflict of interest among stakeholders in coastal resource appropriation, despite the community being relatively culturally homogenous. The benefits of awig-awig are biased in favor of the tourism as opposed to fisheries, leading to the fishers’ resistance of awig-awig. There are critical factors to this weakness: a crisis of legitimacy within community, socio-economic inequality among actors involved in such system, high intervention from external agencies, and the institutional conflict over conservation policy. In addition, awig-awig reduces community spirit as it is perceived as not being attached to any customary law or traditional norms. Group cohesion is challenged and there is no common understanding of the problem or alternatives strategies.
The Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity and Urban Expansion: A comparative analysis for the coastal areas of Pakistan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 23 - Trang 5520-5537 - 2020
Urbanization and urban heat island have significant impacts that vary from local to global levels; therefore, cities are under greater threat to global environmental change. This study, for the first time, focuses on comparative assessment of an iconic phenomenon of “surface urban heat island” (SUHI) in the coastal areas of Pakistan. For the purpose of this study, remote sensing techniques are used. Data for the period of January 2017 to December 2017, day and night scenes of TERRA/MODIS are obtained to create land surface temperature (LST) maps. Surface temperatures are examined against land cover data across various cities while comparing them with LSTs and land cover data in GIS Software. Spatial patterns of SUHI in each city are also investigated through its diurnal variation and seasonal changes. Association between SUHI and wind stream is presented in monthly analysis, which indicates that high wind speed is generally linked with the lowest development of SUHI. This research provides a broad perspective over the SUHI phenomenon in the coastal areas of Pakistan, and the results will be useful for urban planners to make decisions that can enhance environmental sustainability practices.
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