New research on the cooling and cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa is
reviewed in the context of the older literature. Cryoinjury to a variety of cell
organelles is regarded as being due to the two major stresses of
cryopreservation, i.e., the change in temperature, and the formation and
dissolution of ice and its consequences. Since the cryopreservation process
involves departure of the ce... hiện toàn bộ
The cellular generation of reactive oxygen species was first observed in
mammalian spermatozoa in the late 1940s. The field then remained dormant for 30
years until Thaddeus Mann and Roy Jones published a series of landmark papers in
the 1970s in which the importance of lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for
damaging mammalian spermatozoa was first intimated. The subsequent demonstration
that human... hiện toàn bộ
The glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosterone, have a unique function in the
fetus in inducing a wide range of enzymes before birth that have little or no
function during fetal life but on which survival after birth is dependent. The
loss of the placenta at birth deprives the fetus of a source of oxygen, glucose
and heat (among many other things) for which alternatives must be available
immedia... hiện toàn bộ
Fin Carter, Niamh Forde, Patrick E. Duffy, Michael G. Wade, Trudee Fair, M.A. Crowe, A.C.O. Evans, D.A. Kenny, J. F. Roche, P. Lonergan
Higher systemic progesterone in the immediate post-conception period is
associated with an increase in embryonic growth rate, interferon-tau production
and pregnancy rate in cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the
effect of increasing progesterone concentration on Day 3 on subsequent embryo
survival and development. Oestrus (Day 0) was synchronised in beef-cross heifers
(n = 210) an... hiện toàn bộ
Because it is generally accepted that a high percentage of poorly motile or
immotile sperm will adversely affect male fertility, analysis of sperm motility
is a central part of the evaluation of male fertility. In spite of its
importance to fertility, poor sperm motility remains only a description of a
pathology whose underlying cause is typically poorly understood. The present
review is designed ... hiện toàn bộ
David N. Wells, Pavla M. Misica, H.R. Tervit, W. Vivanco
To preserve the female genetics of an endangered breed of cattle, adapted to
sub-Antarctic con-ditions, adult somatic cell nuclear transfer was used to clone
the last surviving Enderby Island cow from mural granulosa cells. Embryos
reconstructed with metaphase II cytoplasts and quiescent cells were either
activated and fused simultaneously (AFS) at 24 or 30 hours post maturation (hpm)
or alternati... hiện toàn bộ
The advent of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer in the 1970s led
to speculation about the potential value of these and other ‘reproductive
technologies’ to conserving endangered species. So far, and for the most part,
assisted breeding techniques that are routine in domesticated species are not
easily adapted to wildlife. Species differences in reproductive form
(anatomy/morphology)... hiện toàn bộ
Timed artificial insemination (TAI) is a very important tool in production
systems, as it has a direct impact on cost-efficiency by reducing labour
resulting from oestrus detection. However, to make TAI commercially feasible,
hormonal treatments need to assure acceptable pregnancy rates and be
economically viable. Recent advances in the knowledge of ovarian physiology
(e.g. determination of follic... hiện toàn bộ
The effect of cryopreservation on the capacitation status and fertility of ram
spermatozoa was observed. After the chlortetracycline staining technique was
validated for ram spermatozoa, it was applied to fresh or long-term
frozen-stored spermatozoa. Fresh spermatozoa displayed mainly the F pattern
(non-capacitated; 61·3%), becoming B pattern (capacitated; 54%) and AR pattern
(acrosome reacted; 41... hiện toàn bộ
Budhan S. Pukazhenthi, Pierre Comizzoli, Alexander J. Travis, David E. Wildt
Sustaining viable populations of all wildlife species requires the maintenance
of habitat, as well as an understanding of the behaviour and physiology of
individual species. Despite substantial efforts, there are thousands of species
threatened by extinction, often because of complex factors related to politics,
social and environmental conditions and economic needs. When species become
critically... hiện toàn bộ