Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one the most important complications of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease. Dietary approaches have been considered to control of the kidney function deterioration among these patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of fortified soy milk with Lactobacillus plantarum A7 on renal function biomarkers in type 2 DN patients. Forty-eight DN subjects were attended to this parallel randomized trial study. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a diet containing 200 mL/day probiotic soy milk in intervention group or soy milk in the control condition for 8 weeks. An inflammatory adipokine—Progranulin (PGRN), a cytokine receptor-soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and serum levels of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys-C) as the new renal function biomarkers were measured after 8 weeks of intervention according to the standard protocol. Our analysis showed that consumption of probiotic soy milk resulted in a significant reduction in the Cys-C and PGRN levels compared with the soy milk (P = 0.01) in the final adjusted model. In addition, after adjustment for age, weight, and energy intake, a marginally significant in the NGAL level was seen between two groups (P = 0.05). However, there was no significant differences on the sTNFR1concenteration between two groups (P = 0.06). Overall, intake of probiotic soy milk may have a beneficial effect on the renal function in patients with DN.

Sản phẩm phụ từ cua tuyết (Chionoecetes opilio) là nguồn giàu các sinh mô, chẳng hạn như lipit, protein và chitin, nhưng chưa được nghiên cứu nhiều. Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định các peptide kháng khuẩn nhằm nâng cao giá trị của các sản phẩm phụ từ C. opilio. Sau khi thủy phân các bộ phận khác nhau bằng Protamex® và nồng độ bằng phương pháp chiết xuất pha rắn, các phần thu được đã được thử nghiệm hoạt động kháng khuẩn chống lại Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua và Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Gan tụy là mô duy nhất thể hiện hoạt động kháng khuẩn được phát hiện bằng quy trình này. Bốn phân đoạn thu được với và không có thủy phân enzym của gan tụy sau khi phân đoạn SPE C18 và elution với 50% và 80% acetonitrile đã thể hiện hoạt động ức chế vi khuẩn chống lại L. innocua HPB13, từ nồng độ 0.30 đến 43.05 mg/mL các peptide/protein. Mười một peptide chia sẻ ít nhất 80% đồng hình axit amin với bốn peptide kháng khuẩn đã được xác định thông qua quang phổ khối. Hai peptide có sự đồng hình với các peptide kháng khuẩn như crustin và GAPDH của cá ngừ vằn thuộc về các sinh vật biển Penaeus monodon và Thunnus albacares, tương ứng. Các đồng hình chuỗi peptide khác cũng đã được xác định: Odorranain-C7 từ ếch Odorrana grahami và một peptide kháng khuẩn dự đoán ở bọ rùa châu Á Harmonia axyridis. Các peptide hoạt tính này có thể đại diện cho một nhóm peptide sinh học mới xứng đáng được nghiên cứu thêm như các chất bảo quản thực phẩm.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the probiotic effect of bio-augmented Bacillus tequilensis AP BFT3 on improving production, immune response, and proteomic changes of Penaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc system. Penaeus vannamei larvae (PL13) were stocked in 100-L tanks at a rate of 100 no per tank to study the effect of B. tequilensis AP BFT3 with and without biofloc (BFT-PRO and PRO). Control tanks devoid of probiotic strain were maintained in a clear water system. The growth and survival considerably increased in probiotic added biofloc reared shrimp than probiotic added clear water reared ones and control. Water quality significantly improved in probiotic added (PRO) and biofloc-probiotics (BFT-PRO) system than control. Microbiological investigations indicate increased heterotrophic bacterial load in BFT-PRO compared to the PRO and control. The quality of the isolated microbes was analyzed in terms of enzyme production, and an abundance of enzyme-producing bacterial population was observed in BFT-PRO shrimp. Immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in BFT-PRO shrimp, followed by the PRO and control. The proteomic data (2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF) of muscle tissue from the experimental animals identified 11 differentially expressed proteins. The Daxx OS and Lit v 1 tropomyosin was found upregulated in BFT-PRO shrimps. Downregulation of Na+/K+ATPase was observed in biofloc with probiotic-supplied groups. The findings revealed that the BFT system’s efficacy could be improved through the addition of probiotics. The addition of B. tequilensis AP BFT3 as a probiotic in biofloc induced the expression of essential proteins, reducing contracting diseases during culture.

The lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis have anti-cancer potential. We had previously identified a secondary metabolite of B. subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15), which has an operon that regulates lipopeptide synthesis, and also demonstrated that the fermentation products of this strain exerted antioxidant and pro-immune effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo the anticancer effects of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites (BS-Z15 SMs) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. BS-Z15 SMs significantly inhibited H22 cell-derived murine xenograft tumor growth without any systemic toxicity. In addition, BS-Z15 SMs decreased the viability of H22 cells and BEL-7404 cells in vitro with respective IC50 values of 33.83 and 27.26 µg/mL. Consistent with this, BS-Z15 SMs induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in the BEL-7404 cells, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was also significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, BS-Z15 SMs upregulated the pro-apoptotic p53, Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3/9 proteins and downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These findings suggest that the induction of apoptosis in HCC cells by BS-Z15 SMs may be related to the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, the secondary metabolites of B. subtilis strain Z15 are promising to become new anti-cancer drugs for the clinical treatment of liver cancer.

Inflammation is a host defense response to harmful agents, such as pathogenic invasion, and is necessary for health. Excessive inflammation may result in the development of inflammatory disorders. Levilactobacillus brevis KU15151 has been reported to exhibit probiotic characteristics and antioxidant activities, but the effect of this strain on inflammatory responses has not been determined. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of L. brevis KU15151 in Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (aLTA)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Treatment with L. brevis KU15151 reduced the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, the production of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, decreased after treatment with L. brevis KU15151 in aLTA-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, this strain alleviated the activation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species was downregulated by treatment with L. brevis KU15151. These results demonstrate that L. brevis KU15151 possesses an inhibitory effect against aLTA-mediated inflammation and may be employed as a functional probiotic for preventing inflammatory disorders.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it orchestrates many functions that are fundamentally important for our survival. Although the skin might appear to present a relatively inhospitable or even hostile environment, a multitude of commensals and also some potentially pathogenic microorganisms have successfully adapted to survive and/or thrive within the diverse ecological niches created by the skin’s topographical architecture. Dysbiosis within these microbial populations can result in the emergence and pathological progression of skin diseases. Unsurprisingly, this has led to a new focus of research both for the medical dermatology and cosmetic industries that is concerned with modulation of the skin microbiome to help address common microbially mediated or modulated conditions such as acne, body odour, and atopic dermatitis. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the complex relationship of the skin with its microbiome and then introduces the concept of probiotic intervention for the management of microbial dysbiosis within the skin ecosystem.