Conclusion and summaryAs the Iσ‐index is neither affected by the mean per sample
unit except for regular distribution nor standing on the assumption of any
definite type of contagious distribution, it may have the most wide range of
application among the ones hitherto deviced for measuring the dispersion of
individuals in a population. The relations of the Iσ‐index to ,k of negative
binomial distr... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryEstimates of survival, migration rates, and population size are developed
for a triple catch marking experiment on n (n>‐2) areas with migration among all
areas and death in all areas occurring, but no recruitment (birth). This
repressents the extension to three sampling times of the method ofChapman
andJunge (1956) for estimates in a stratified population. The method is further
extented to... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryThe measurement of departure from randomness in spatial distributions has
widespread application in ecological work. Several “indices of non‐randomness”
are compared with regard to their dependence on sample number, sample size and
density. Criteria for the best choice of index for specific situations are
discussed. A new coefficient Cx is proposed for use with positively contagious
distrib... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryA simple differential equation model was developed to describe the
competitive interaction that may occur between species through reproductive
interference. The model has the form comparable to Volterra's competition
equations, and the graphical analysis of the outcome of the two‐species
interaction based on its zero‐growth isoclines proved that: (1) The possible
outcome in this model, as i... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryA sight‐count method for evaluation of predation by spiders on the green
rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps was proposed and its applicability was
tested under natural conditions.The number (n) of leafhoppers preyed on by
spiders per rice hill per day was estimated by the formula:
urn:x-wiley:14383896:pope0187:equation:pope0187-math-0001 where F is the
frequency of predation observed p... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractIn response to damage by herbivores, plants are known to emit
infochemicals that enhance the effectiveness of insect parasitoids. Studies on
plant–parasitoid interactions mediated by such infochemicals have focused on the
tritrophic systems in which plants are infested by a single herbivore species.
In natural ecosystems, however, plants are often simultaneously infested by
several herbivo... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractWe monitored nine butterfly communities with varying degrees of human
disturbance by conducting a census twice a month during 1980 by the line
transect method in and around Tsukuba City, central Japan. We analyzed the
biodiversity and community structures using the generalist/specialist concept.
The site (community) order based on decreasing human disturbance was positively
correlated with... hiện toàn bộ
SummaryA simple method of sequential sampling is developed which would make it
automatically possible to secure, without excess sampling, a predetermined level
of precision for a series of population estimates being required. It appears to
have wide application to sampling field populations under various situations
since it is simply based upon the relationship of variance to mean for which a
comp... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractAlthough having been much criticized, diversity indices are still widely
used in animal and plant ecology to evaluate, survey, and conserve ecosystems.
It is possible to quantify biodiversity by using estimators for which
statistical characteristics and performance are, as yet, poorly defined. In the
present study, four of the most frequently used diversity indices were compared:
the Shann... hiện toàn bộ