Pleiades Publishing Ltd

We consider multiskyrmion configurations in 2D ferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the magnetic field, using the stereographic projection method. In the absence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, D, and the field, B, the skyrmions do not interact and the exact multiskyrmion solution is a sum of individual projections. In certain range of B, D ≠ 0, skyrmions become stable and form a hexagonal lattice. The shape of one skyrmion on the plane is fully determined by D and B. We describe multiskyrmion configurations by simple sums of individual skyrmion projections, of the same shape and adjusted scale. This procedure reveals pairwise and triple interactions between skyrmions, and the energy of proposed hexagonal structure is found in a good agreement with previous studies. It allows an effective theory of skyrmion structures in terms of variables, referring to individual skyrmions, i.e., their position, size and phase, elliptic distortions, etc.

The band structure, densities of states, and O K-edge X-ray absorption spectra have been calculated by the density functional theory method for BaBiO3-based perovskite high-temperature superconductors at different potassium doping levels in the ground and optically excited states. It has been shown that this approach including local structural inhomogeneities caused by doping and optical irradiation allows the correct description of changes in the properties of the electron subsystem near the Fermi level. It has been shown that doping is accompanied by the appearance of hole carriers on the Bi6s−O2pσ*. hybridized orbital in agreement with the model of the electronic structure of bismuth-based high-temperature superconductors in terms of a spatially separated Fermi-Bose mixture. It has been found that the band structure for the excited state of the undoped compound is equivalent to the band structure of the tight binding model for a cubic lattice. The results are important for the preliminary analysis of time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra on an X-ray free electron laser at femtosecond optical excitation.

It is found that, in a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions in layered high temperature superconductors under external electromagnetic radiation, the chaotic features are triggered by interjunction coupling, i.e., the coupling between different junctions in the stack. While the radiation is well known to produce chaotic effects in the single junction, the effect of interjunction coupling is fundamentally different and it can lead to the onset of chaos via a different route to that of the single junction. A precise numerical study of the phase dynamics of intrinsic Josephson junctions, as described by the CCJJ+DC model, is performed. We demonstrate the charging of superconducting layers, in a bias current interval corresponding to a Shapiro step subharmonic, due to the creation of a longitudinal plasma wave along the stack of junctions. With increase in radiation amplitude chaotic behavior sets in. The chaotic features of the coupled Josephson junctions are analyzed by calculations of the Lyapunov exponents. We compare results for a stack of junctions to the case of a single junction and prove that the observed chaos is induced by the coupling between the junctions. The use of Shapiro step subharmonics may allow longitudinal plasma waves to be excited at low radiation power.

An explicit attack on the distributed key is presented for the BB84 quantum cryptography protocol. In this attack, the theoretical maximum of the eavesdropper’s (Eve’s) information on the key is reached at the minimum possible error Q at the receiver end. Eve’s maximum information is reached in collective measurements, which are constructed in the explicit form and are performed by Eve at the very end of the protocol. The situation in the critical error range 11% < Q c < 15% is determined.

In investigations of predicted new types of photon echoes — an echo from a homogeneous ensemble of atoms and an echo of a single light pulse — have established that the magnitude and form of these new types of photon echoes are completely determined by the type of optical transition and by the “area” and polarization of the exciting light pulses (and the form can be controlled by varying the magnetic field). It is also established that the echo amplitude decreases for both small (compared to 1) and large light-pulse areas, and the optimal areas for which the maximum echo is obtained have been found. Investigations show that such photon echoes can also appear under conditions when an ordinary photon echo is absent (in atomic or molecular gases at high pressure, in the far-IR region of the spectrum, from cooled trapped atoms or ions, and so on).

The time dependences of the transfer of the magnetic moment between stable magnetic states of heterostructures with two Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt ferromagnetic layers with the perpendicular magnetization have been studied. Spontaneous oscillations of the macroscopic magnetization with a period of several hours are observed after switching the magnetic field to a new value. The phase portrait of the magnetic relaxation corresponds to damped oscillations. The macrospin oscillation may be due to the high nucleation rate of the reverse magnetization phase induced by the exchange and magnetic dipole interaction between the phase nucleation centers, which arise in different layers. The changes in the Zeeman energy of the system under magnetic oscillations are considered.

A mechanism acceleration of electrons to relativistic velocities in a thin metal film irradiated with ultrashort (τ L ≤1 ps) high-power (I>16 W/cm2) laser pulses is proposed. The acceleration is due to a resonance action of the nonuniform field on a portion of the electrons, viz., those which oscillate in the direction transverse to the film with a frequency close to the frequency of the field.

The thermal properties of graphene oxide containing hydroxyl and epoxy functional groups were studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to understand the thermal transport phenomena involved and the structure factors limiting heat conduction. Estimates were given in terms of phonon mean free paths for the reduction in thermal conductivity by interior defects due to scattering. The mechanism of phonon transport in the graphene oxide was discussed. The results indicated that the degree of oxidation can significantly affect the thermal performance of graphene oxide. A low degree of oxidation is necessary to enhance the phonon transport properties of graphene oxide and reduce the probability of phonon-defect scattering. Phonon transport in graphene oxide with a high degree of oxidation is governed by the mean free path of phonons associated with scattering from interior defects. Oxygen-containing functional groups can adversely affect performance and reduce the efficiency of phonon transport in graphene oxide due to phonon mean free paths limited mainly by interior defects. The calculated intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene oxide at room temperature is about 72 W/(m K) with an oxidation degree of 0.35 and about 670 W/(m K) with an oxidation degree of 0.05. The phonon mean free path decreases with increasing the degree of oxidation due to enhanced phonon-defect scattering, making the thermal conductivity very sensitive to the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups.