This article describes a 2-systems model that explains social behavior as a
joint function of reflective and impulsive processes. In particular, it is
assumed that social behavior is controlled by 2 interacting systems that follow
different operating principles. The reflective system generates behavioral
decisions that are based on knowledge about facts and values, whereas the
impulsive system eli... hiện toàn bộ
Moral agency is manifested in both the power to refrain from behaving inhumanely
and the proactive power to behave humanely. Moral agency is embedded in a
broader sociocognitive self theory encompassing self-organizing, proactive,
self-reflective, and self-regulatory mechanisms rooted in personal standards
linked to self-sanctions. The self-regulatory mechanisms governing moral conduct
do not come... hiện toàn bộ
Theory and research in both personality psychology and creativity share an
essential commonality: emphasis on the uniqueness of the individual. Both
disciplines also share an emphasis on temporal consistency and have a 50-year
history, and yet no quantitative review of the literature on the creative
personality has been conducted. The 3 major goals of this article are to present
the results of the... hiện toàn bộ
The authors argue that a new six-dimensional framework for personality
structure—the HEXACO model— constitutes a viable alternative to the well-known
Big Five or five-factor model. The new model is consistent with the
cross-culturally replicated finding of a common six-dimensional structure
containing the factors Honesty-Humility (H), Emotionality (E), eExtraversion
(X), Agreeableness (A), Conscie... hiện toàn bộ
Models postulating 2 distinct processing modes have been proposed in several
topic areas within social and cognitive psychology. We advance a new conceptual
model of the 2 processing modes. The structural basis of the new model is the
idea, supported by psychological and neuropsychological evidence, that humans
possess 2 memory systems. One system slowly learns general regularities, whereas
the ot... hiện toàn bộ
C Masi, Hsi‐Yuan Chen, Louise C. Hawkley, John T. Cacioppo
Social and demographic trends are placing an increasing number of adults at risk
for loneliness, an established risk factor for physical and mental illness. The
growing costs of loneliness have led to a number of loneliness reduction
interventions. Qualitative reviews have identified four primary intervention
strategies: (a) improving social skills, (b) enhancing social support, (c)
increasing opp... hiện toàn bộ
Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, C. Nathan DeWall, Liqing Zhang
Fear causes fleeing and thereby saves lives: this exemplifies a popular and
common sense but increasingly untenable view that the direct causation of
behavior is the primary function of emotion. Instead, the authors develop a
theory of emotion as a feedback system whose influence on behavior is typically
indirect. By providing feedback and stimulating retrospective appraisal of
actions, conscious ... hiện toàn bộ
Robert M. Sellers, Mia A. Smith, J. Nicole Shelton, Stephanie A. J. Rowley, Tabbye M. Chavous
Research on African American racial identity has utilized 2 distinct approaches.
The mainstream approach has focused on universal properties associated with
ethnic and racial identities. In contrast, the underground approach has focused
on documenting the qualitative meaning of being African American, with an
emphasis on the unique cultural and historical experiences of African Americans.
The Mult... hiện toàn bộ
Lisa K. Tamres, Denise L. Janicki, Vicki S. Helgeson
We used meta-analysis to examine recent studies of sex differences in coping.
Women were more likely than men to engage in most coping strategies. The
strongest effects showed that women were more likely to use strategies that
involved verbal expressions to others or the self—to seek emotional support,
ruminate about problems, and use positive self-talk. These sex differences were
consistent acros... hiện toàn bộ
Just as with most other communication breakthroughs before it, the initial media
and popular reaction to the Internet has been largely negative, if not
apocalyptic. For example, it has been described as “awash in pornography”, and
more recently as making people “sad and lonely.” Yet, counter to the initial and
widely publi cized claim that Internet use causes depression and social
isolation, the b... hiện toàn bộ