Open Biology
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Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteinsAt least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side chains. The entire GPI-AP is anchored to the outer leaflet of the lipid bil... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 10 Số 3 - 2020
Evolutionary origins of taste buds: phylogenetic analysis of purinergic neurotransmission in epithelial chemosensorsTaste buds are gustatory endorgans which use an uncommon purinergic signalling system to transmit information to afferent gustatory nerve fibres. In mammals, ATP is a crucial neurotransmitter released by the taste cells to activate the afferent nerve fibres. Taste buds in mammals display a characteristic, highly specific ecto-ATPase (NTPDase2) activity, suggesting a role in inactivation of... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 3 - Trang 130015 - 2013
Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancerThe ability of a cell to undergo mitochondrial apoptosis is governed by pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family. The equilibrium of pro- versus anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins ensures appropriate regulation of programmed cell death during development and maintains organismal health. When unbalanced, the BCL-2 family can act as a barrier to apoptosis and facilitate tumour ... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 180002 - 2018
Anion homeostasis is important for non-lytic release of BK polyomavirus from infected cellsBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a member of a family of potentially oncogenic viruses, whose reactivation can cause severe pathological conditions in transplant patients, leading to graft rejection. As with many non-enveloped viruses, it is assumed that virus release occurs through lysis of the host cell. We now show the first evidence for a non-lytic release pathway for BKPyV and that this pat... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 8 - Trang 150041 - 2015
A toolkit enabling efficient, scalable and reproducible gene tagging in trypanosomatids
One of the first steps in understanding a protein's function is to determine its localization; however, the methods for localizing proteins in some systems have not kept pace with the developments in other fields, creating a bottleneck in the analysis of the large datasets that are generated in the post-genomic era. To address this, we developed tools for tagging proteins in t... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 140197 - 2015
MicroRNA-independent roles of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and DicerThe ribonuclease III enzymes Drosha and Dicer are renowned for their central roles in the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs). For many years, this has overshadowed the true versatility and importance of these enzymes in the processing of other RNA substrates. For example, Drosha also recognizes and cleaves messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and potentially ribosomal RNA. The cleavage of mRNAs occurs vi... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 10 - Trang 130144 - 2013
The ANGPTL3-4-8 model, a molecular mechanism for triglyceride traffickingLipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a rate-limiting enzyme for hydrolysing circulating triglycerides (TG) into free fatty acids that are taken up by peripheral tissues. Postprandial LPL activity rises in white adipose tissue (WAT), but declines in the heart and skeletal muscle, thereby directing circulating TG to WAT for storage; the reverse is true during fasting. However, the mechanism for the t... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 150272 - 2016
Cellular responses to a prolonged delay in mitosis are determined by a DNA damage response controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins
Anti-cancer drugs that disrupt mitosis inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, although the mechanisms of these responses are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a mitotic stress response that determines cell fate in response to microtubule poisons. We show that mitotic arrest induced by these drugs produces a temporally controlled DNA damage response (DDR) chara... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 3 - Trang 140156 - 2015
Heterotrimeric G protein signalling in the plant kingdom
In animals, heterotrimeric G proteins, comprising α-, β-and γ-subunits, perceive extracellular stimuli through cell surface receptors, and transmit signals to ion channels, enzymes and other effector proteins to affect numerous cellular behaviours. In plants, G proteins have structural similarities to the corresponding molecules in animals but transmit signals by atypical mech... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 3 - Trang 120186 - 2013
Cancer drug pan-resistance: pumps, cancer stem cells, quiescence, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, blocked cell death pathways, persisters or what?Although chemotherapy of tumours has scored successes, drug resistance remains the major cause of death of cancer patients. Initial treatment often leaves residual disease, from which the tumour regrows. Eventually, most tumours become resistant to all available chemotherapy. I call this pan-resistance to distinguish it from multi-drug resistance, usually describing resistance caused by up... ... hiện toàn bộ
Open Biology - Tập 2 Số 5 - Trang 120066 - 2012
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