Open Biology

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Hypoxia-induced invadopodia formation: a role for β-PIX
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 6 - Trang 120159 - 2013
Nur Fariesha Md Hashim, Nicole S. Nicholas, Anna Dart, Serafim Kiriakidis, Ewa Paleolog, Claire M. Wells
During tumour progression, oxygen tension in the microenvironment surrounding tumour cells is reduced, resulting in hypoxia. It is well established that cancer cells resist the negative effects of hypoxia by inducing angiogenesis predominantly via the activity of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). However, more recently HIF-1α has also been linked to increased invasiv...... hiện toàn bộ
Evolutionary origins of taste buds: phylogenetic analysis of purinergic neurotransmission in epithelial chemosensors
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 3 - Trang 130015 - 2013
Masato Kirino, Jason Parnes, Anne Hansen, Sadao Kiyohara, Thomas E. Finger
Taste buds are gustatory endorgans which use an uncommon purinergic signalling system to transmit information to afferent gustatory nerve fibres. In mammals, ATP is a crucial neurotransmitter released by the taste cells to activate the afferent nerve fibres. Taste buds in mammals display a characteristic, highly specific ecto-ATPase (NTPDase2) activity, suggesting a role in inactivation of...... hiện toàn bộ
A toolkit enabling efficient, scalable and reproducible gene tagging in trypanosomatids
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 1 - Trang 140197 - 2015
Samuel Dean, Jack Daniel Sunter, Richard John Wheeler, Ian Hodkinson, Eva Gluenz, Keith Gull
One of the first steps in understanding a protein's function is to determine its localization; however, the methods for localizing proteins in some systems have not kept pace with the developments in other fields, creating a bottleneck in the analysis of the large datasets that are generated in the post-genomic era. To address this, we developed tools for tagging proteins in t...... hiện toàn bộ
Anion homeostasis is important for non-lytic release of BK polyomavirus from infected cells
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 8 - Trang 150041 - 2015
Gareth L. Evans, Laura Caller, Victoria Foster, Colin M. Crump
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a member of a family of potentially oncogenic viruses, whose reactivation can cause severe pathological conditions in transplant patients, leading to graft rejection. As with many non-enveloped viruses, it is assumed that virus release occurs through lysis of the host cell. We now show the first evidence for a non-lytic release pathway for BKPyV and that this pat...... hiện toàn bộ
Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins
Open Biology - Tập 10 Số 3 - 2020
Taroh Kinoshita
At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side chains. The entire GPI-AP is anchored to the outer leaflet of the lipid bil...... hiện toàn bộ
MicroRNA-independent roles of the RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 10 - Trang 130144 - 2013
Timothy M. Johanson, Andrew M. Lew, Mark M.W. Chong
The ribonuclease III enzymes Drosha and Dicer are renowned for their central roles in the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs). For many years, this has overshadowed the true versatility and importance of these enzymes in the processing of other RNA substrates. For example, Drosha also recognizes and cleaves messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and potentially ribosomal RNA. The cleavage of mRNAs occurs vi...... hiện toàn bộ
Regulation of neurite growth by tumour necrosis superfamily member RANKL
Open Biology - Tập 3 Số 1 - Trang 120150 - 2013
Humberto Gutiérrez, Lilian Kisiswa, Gerard W. O’Keeffe, Matthew James Smithen, Séan Wyatt, Alun M. Davies
RANKL (receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand, TNFSF11) is a member of the TNF superfamily that regulates bone remodelling and the development of the thymus, lymph nodes and mammary glands. While RANKL and its membrane bound receptor RANK (TNFRSF11A) are expressed in the adult central nervous system and have been implicated in thermoregulation, the potential function of RANK signalling in the ...... hiện toàn bộ
The ANGPTL3-4-8 model, a molecular mechanism for triglyceride trafficking
Open Biology - Tập 6 Số 4 - Trang 150272 - 2016
Ren Zhang
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a rate-limiting enzyme for hydrolysing circulating triglycerides (TG) into free fatty acids that are taken up by peripheral tissues. Postprandial LPL activity rises in white adipose tissue (WAT), but declines in the heart and skeletal muscle, thereby directing circulating TG to WAT for storage; the reverse is true during fasting. However, the mechanism for the t...... hiện toàn bộ
Cancer drug pan-resistance: pumps, cancer stem cells, quiescence, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, blocked cell death pathways, persisters or what?
Open Biology - Tập 2 Số 5 - Trang 120066 - 2012
Piet Borst
Although chemotherapy of tumours has scored successes, drug resistance remains the major cause of death of cancer patients. Initial treatment often leaves residual disease, from which the tumour regrows. Eventually, most tumours become resistant to all available chemotherapy. I call this pan-resistance to distinguish it from multi-drug resistance, usually describing resistance caused by up...... hiện toàn bộ
Cellular responses to a prolonged delay in mitosis are determined by a DNA damage response controlled by Bcl-2 family proteins
Open Biology - Tập 5 Số 3 - Trang 140156 - 2015
Didier Colin, Karolina Hain, Lindsey Allan, Paul R. Clarke
Anti-cancer drugs that disrupt mitosis inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, although the mechanisms of these responses are poorly understood. Here, we characterize a mitotic stress response that determines cell fate in response to microtubule poisons. We show that mitotic arrest induced by these drugs produces a temporally controlled DNA damage response (DDR) chara...... hiện toàn bộ
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