Nutrition Journal
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Regular consumption of soft drinks is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in Mexican adults: findings from a prospective cohort studyAbstract
Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Nutrition Journal - - 2020
Although high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans.
We used data on 1445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose
With a total of 9526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of < 1, 1–4, and ≥ 5 servings/week, respectively (
The consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit soft drinks intake to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.
Effects of dietary creatine supplementation on systemic microvascular density and reactivity in healthy young adults
Nutrition Journal - Tập 13 - Trang 1-10 - 2014
Dietary creatine supplementation (CrS) is a practice commonly adopted by physically active individuals. However, the effects of CrS on systemic microvascular reactivity and density have never been reported. Additionally, CrS is able to influence blood levels of homocysteine, resulting in presumed effects on vascular endothelial function. Thus, we investigated the effects of CrS on the systemic microcirculation and on homocysteine levels in healthy young individuals. This open-label study was performed on a group of 40 healthy male, moderately physically active subjects aged 27.7 ± 13.4 years who received one week of CrS at a dose of 20 g/day of commercially available micronized creatine monohydrate. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used in the evaluation of cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and intra-vital video microscopy was used to evaluate skin capillary density and reactivity, before and after CrS. CrS did not alter plasma levels of homocysteine, although CrS increased creatinine (p = 0.0001) and decreased uric acid (p = 0.0004) plasma levels. Significant changes in total cholesterol (p = 0.0486) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.0027) were also observed along with a reduction in plasma levels of T3 (p = 0.0074) and an increase in T4 levels (p = 0.0003). Skin functional capillary density (p = 0.0496) and capillary recruitment during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (p = 0.0043) increased after CrS. Increases in cutaneous microvascular vasodilation induced by post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (p = 0.0078) were also observed. Oral supplementation with creatine in healthy, moderately physically active young adults improves systemic endothelial-dependent microvascular reactivity and increases skin capillary density and recruitment. These effects are not concurrent with changes in plasma homocysteine levels.
Sex and gender differences in nutrition research: considerations with the transgender and gender nonconforming population
Nutrition Journal - Tập 20 - Trang 1-3 - 2021
A sex- and gender-informed approach to study design, analysis and reporting has particular relevance to the transgender and gender nonconforming population (TGNC) where sex and gender identity differ. Notable research gaps persist related to dietary intake, validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, and nutrition interventions with TGNC populations. This is due in part to the conflation of sex and gender into one binary category (male or female) in many nutrition surveillance programs worldwide. Adoption of the Sex and Gender Equity In Research (SAGER) guidelines and the two-step method of querying sex and gender has the potential to exponentially increase the body of research related to TGNC health.
Prognostic and clinicopathological impacts of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on patients with gynecological cancer: a meta-analysis
Nutrition Journal - Tập 22 - Trang 1-14 - 2023
The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score has proven to be a potential biomarker for determining the prognosis of patients with various types of cancer. Its value in determining the prognosis of patients with gynecological cancer, however, remains unknown. The present study was a meta-analysis that aimed to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of the CONUT score in gynecological cancer. The Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were comprehensively searched through November 22, 2022. A pooled hazard ratio (HR), together with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to determine whether the CONUT score had prognostic value in terms of survival outcomes. Using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, we estimated the relationship between the CONUT score and clinicopathological characteristics of gynecological cancer. We evaluated 6 articles, involving a total of 2,569 cases, in the present study. According to the results of our analyses, higher CONUT scores were significantly correlated with decreased overall survival (OS) (n = 6; HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.13–2.04; P = 0.006; I2 = 57.4%; Ph = 0.038) and progression-free survival (PFS) (n = 4; HR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.25–1.84; P < 0.001; I2 = 0; Ph = 0.682) in gynecological cancer. Moreover, higher CONUT scores were significantly correlated with a histological grade of G3 (n = 3; OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.18–2.62; P = 0.006; I2 = 0; Ph = 0.980), a tumor size ≥ 4 cm (n = 2; OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.12–2.01; P = 0.007; I2 = 0; Ph = 0.721), and an advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (n = 2; OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.54–4.11; P < 0.001; I2 = 45.5%; Ph = 0.175). The correlation between the CONUT score and lymph node metastasis, however, was not significant. Higher CONUT scores were significantly correlated with decreased OS and PFS in gynecological cancer. The CONUT score, therefore, is a promising and cost-effective biomarker for predicting survival outcomes in gynecological cancer.
Food purchase patterns: empirical identification and analysis of their association with diet quality, socio-economic factors, and attitudes
Nutrition Journal - Tập 16 - Trang 1-14 - 2017
Empirically derived food purchase patterns provide information about which combinations of foods were purchased from households. The objective of this study was to identify what kinds of patterns exist, which level of diet quality they represent and which factors are associated with the patterns. The study made use of representative German consumption data in which approximately 12 million food purchases from 13,125 households are recorded. In accordance with healthy diet criteria the food purchases were assigned to 18 food groups of the German Food Pyramid. Based on these groups a factor analysis with a principal component technique was applied to identify food patterns. For these patterns nutrient and energy densities were examined. Using regression analysis, associations between pattern scores and socio-economic as well as attitude variables, reflecting personal statements about healthy eating, were analyzed. In total, three food purchase patterns could be identified: a natural, a processed and a traditional one. The first one was characterized by a higher purchasing of natural foods, the second by an increased purchasing of processed foods and the third by a meat-oriented diet. In each pattern there were specific diet quality criteria that could be improved whereas others were in line with actual dietary guidelines. In addition to socio-demographic factors, attitudes were significantly associated with the purchase patterns. The findings of this study are interesting from a public health perspective, as it can be assumed that measures focusing on specific aspects of diet quality are more promising than general ones. However, it is a major challenge to identify the population groups with their specific needs of improvement. As the patterns were associated with both socio-economic and attitude variables these grouping criteria could be used to define target groups.
Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samplesAbstract
Background
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Nutrition Journal - Tập 18 Số 1 - 2019
There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.
The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Fiji and Samoa between 2012 and 2016. Mean salt intake was estimated from spot urine samples using six equations, and compared with the measured salt intake from 24-h urine samples. Differences and agreement between the two methods were examined through paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, and Bland-Altman plots and analyses.
A total of 414 participants from Fiji and 725 participants from Samoa were included. Unweighted mean salt intake based on 24-h urine collection was 10.58 g/day (95% CI 9.95 to 11.22) in Fiji and 7.09 g/day (95% CI 6.83 to 7.36) in Samoa. In both samples, the INTERSALT equation with potassium produced the closest salt intake estimate to the 24-h urine (difference of − 0.92 g/day, 95% CI − 1.67 to − 0.18 in the Fiji sample and + 1.53 g/day, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.77 in the Samoa sample). The presence of proportional bias was evident for all equations except for the Kawasaki equation.
These data suggest that additional studies where both 24-h urine and spot urine samples are collected are needed to further assess whether methods based on spot urine samples can be confidently used to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.
A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis
Nutrition Journal - Tập 20 - Trang 1-18 - 2021
Dietary pattern analysis is a promising approach to understanding the complex relationship between diet and health. While many statistical methods exist, the literature predominantly focuses on classical methods such as dietary quality scores, principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, and reduced rank regression. There are some emerging methods that have rarely or never been reviewed or discussed adequately. This paper presents a landscape review of the existing statistical methods used to derive dietary patterns, especially the finite mixture model, treelet transform, data mining, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and compositional data analysis, in terms of their underlying concepts, advantages and disadvantages, and available software and packages for implementation. While all statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis have unique features and serve distinct purposes, emerging methods warrant more attention. However, future research is needed to evaluate these emerging methods’ performance in terms of reproducibility, validity, and ability to predict different outcomes. Selection of the most appropriate method mainly depends on the research questions. As an evolving subject, there is always scope for deriving dietary patterns through new analytic methodologies.
Từ thực phẩm chức năng đến sản phẩm dược phẩm: Phương pháp hệ thống trong phân tích polyphenolic từ propolis và rượu vang Dịch bởi AI
Nutrition Journal - Tập 8 - Trang 1-18 - 2009
Trong thập kỷ qua, chúng tôi đã làm việc để tiêu chuẩn hóa chiết xuất propolis và xác định các thành phần hoạt động của rượu vang, những thứ giàu polyphenolic và có giá trị dinh dưỡng cũng như trị liệu. Tại đây, chúng tôi tóm tắt kết quả của mình và cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về phương pháp hệ thống để phân tích các sản phẩm tự nhiên giàu flavonoid và axit phenolic. Các phương pháp sắc ký (sắc ký lớp mỏng và sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao) đã được sử dụng để xác định, định lượng và đặc trưng hóa các flavonoid hoặc axit phenolic riêng lẻ. Nội dung tổng hợp của các thành phần hoạt động và hoạt động chống oxi hóa đã được xác định bằng phổ kế. Các thông số dược động học đã được xác định bằng sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao và sử dụng phần mềm phù hợp. Nghiên cứu về mối quan hệ cấu trúc-hoạt động định lượng của hoạt động chống oxi hóa đã được tiến hành, cũng như đánh giá sự bổ sung propolis kéo dài đối với trạng thái chống oxi hóa của cơ thể. Sắc ký lớp mỏng - độ sáng đã chứng minh là phương pháp nhanh và đáng tin cậy cho phân tích tiêu chuẩn propolis và rượu vang; pha di động tốt nhất là chloroform – methanol – axit formic (98–100%) theo tỷ lệ 44 : 3,5 : 2,5 (v/v). Số lượng polyphenolic cao hơn đã được xác định bằng sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao; 15 so với 9 bằng sắc ký lớp mỏng. Các tương tác in situ với axit acetylsalicylic đã được phát hiện với hầu hết các polyphenolic đã phân tích. Sự gắn kết protein huyết tương và khả năng thâm nhập vào hàng rào máu là lớn nhất đối với flavone. Các tương tác với albumin huyết thanh nhân loại đã lớn hơn 95% cho tất cả các flavonoid đã phân tích. Việc tiêu thụ propolis kéo dài đã làm tăng hoạt động của superoxide dismutase. Sự cần thiết phải tiêu chuẩn hóa các sản phẩm tự nhiên và đăng ký chúng như các thực phẩm chức năng đòi hỏi các phương pháp phân tích dễ dàng, nhanh chóng và chi phí thấp. Trong công việc này, chúng tôi đã cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về phần phân tích dành cho polyphenolic có thể được sử dụng làm dữ liệu cho khả năng đăng ký các sản phẩm cuối cùng như thực phẩm chức năng hoặc sản phẩm dược phẩm. Tính năng này giới thiệu đến độc giả nghiên cứu của các tác giả thông qua cái nhìn tổng quan ngắn gọn về chủ đề đã chọn. Tham chiếu đến những công việc quan trọng từ các nhà nghiên cứu khác trong lĩnh vực đã được bao gồm.
Impact of milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity
Nutrition Journal - Tập 14 - Trang 1-10 - 2015
The impact of dairy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) needs further research. To investigate the impact of milk consumption on a wide array of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS (blood lipids, cholesterol homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function) in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity. In this randomized, crossover study, 27 women with abdominal obesity consumed two 6-week diets based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), one with 3.2 servings/d of 2% fat milk per 2000 kcal (MILK) and one without milk or other dairy (NCEP). The macronutrient composition of both diets was comparable (55% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, 30% fat and 10% saturated fat). The MILK diet had no significant effect on LDL-C, triglycerides, LDL size, CRP and cell adhesion molecule concentrations and on indicators of insulin sensitivity. The MILK diet reduced HDL-C, adiponectin, endothelin and fasting glucose levels as well blood pressure (all P ≤ 0.01), but those changes were comparable to those seen with the NCEP milk-free diet (all between-diet P ≥ 0.07). Finally, the MILK diet was associated with lower VLDL apolipoprotein B fractional catabolic rate (−13.4%; P = 0.04) and plasma sterol concentrations (−12.0%; P = 0.04) compared with the control NCEP milk-free diet. These data suggest that short-term consumption of low fat milk in the context of a prudent NCEP diet has no favorable nor deleterious effect on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity.
Secular trend in dietary patterns of Iranian adults from 2006 to 2017: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Nutrition Journal - Tập 19 - Trang 1-8 - 2020
Based on data regarding nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns reported from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017. We investigated on four examination waves of TLGS, including wave 1 (2006–2008), wave 2 (2009–2011), wave 3 (2012–2014), and wave 4 (2015–2017), using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each waves, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value< 0.001), although total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed noticeably less refined grains, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugars. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intakes showed no significant changes during a decade (all P-values< 0.001). Three dietary patterns extracted using PCA, included: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam; Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern, highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in wave 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among the study population during the last decade. The structure and the type of foods that participants preferred to eat changed since 2006, a new secular trend in dietary patterns, including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was obsereved in our investigation.
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