What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept Tập 8 Số 3 - Trang 448-460 - 2002
Yaakov Stern
The idea of reserve against brain damage stems from the repeated
observation that there does not appear to be a direct relationship
between the degree of brain pathology or brain damage and the
clinical manifestation of that damage. This paper attempts to
develop a coherent theoretical account of reserve. One convenient
subdivision of reserve models revolves around whether they envisi...... hiện toàn bộ
The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 194-209 - 2006
Paul W. Burgess, Nick Alderman, CATRIN FORBES, Angela Costello, LAURE M-A.COATES, Deirdre Dawson, Nicole D. Anderson, Sam J. Gilbert, Iroise Dumontheil, Shelley Channon
This article considers the scientific process whereby new and better clinical tests of executive function might be developed, and what form they might take. We argue that many of the traditional tests of executive function most commonly in use (e.g., the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop) are adaptations of procedures that emerged almost coincidentally from conceptual and experimental fr...... hiện toàn bộ
Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: A meta-analytic study Tập 9 Số 5 - Trang 679-689 - 2003
Igor Grant, Raúl González, Catherine L. Carey, Loki Natarajan, Tanya Wolfson
The possible medicinal use of cannabinoids for chronic diseases
emphasizes the need to understand the long-term effects of these
compounds on the central nervous system. We provide a quantitative
synthesis of empirical research pertaining to the non-acute
(residual) effects of cannabis on the neurocognitive performance
of adult human subjects. Out of 1,014 studies retrieved using
a t...... hiện toàn bộ
Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 608-622 - 2004
Julie D. Henry, John R. Crawford
A meta-analysis of 68 studies with a total of 4644 participants was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of tests of verbal fluency to the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD) relative to healthy controls. Both phonemic and semantic fluency were moderately impaired but neither deficit qualified as a differential deficit relative to verbal intelligence or psychomotor speed. However, PD ...... hiện toàn bộ
Frontal lobe damage produces episodic memory impairment Tập 1 Số 6 - Trang 525-536 - 1995
Mark A. Wheeler, Donald T. Stuss, Endel Tulving
AbstractThis article reports the outcome of a meta-analysis of the relation between the frontal lobes and memory as measured by tests of recognition, cued recall, and free recall. We reviewed experiments in which patients with documented, circumscribed frontal pathology were compared with normal control subjects on these three types of tests. Contrary to convention...... hiện toàn bộ
Reliability and Validity of Composite Scores from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Adults Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 588-598 - 2014
Robert K. Heaton, Roger Bakeman, David S. Tulsky, Dan Mungas, Sandra Weıntraub, Sureyya Dikmen, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Kevin P. Conway, Jerry Slotkin, Richard Gershon
AbstractThis study describes psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Composite Scores in an adult sample. The NIHTB-CB was designed for use in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials for ages 3 to 85. A total of 268 self-described healthy adults were recruited at four university-based sites, using stratified sampling guidelines to ...... hiện toàn bộ