What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept Tập 8 Số 3 - Trang 448-460 - 2002
Yaakov Stern
The idea of reserve against brain damage stems from the repeated observation
that there does not appear to be a direct relationship between the degree of
brain pathology or brain damage and the clinical manifestation of that damage.
This paper attempts to develop a coherent theoretical account of reserve. One
convenient subdivision of reserve models revolves around whether they envision
reserve as... hiện toàn bộ
The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 194-209 - 2006
Paul W. Burgess, Nick Alderman, CATRIN FORBES, Angela Costello, LAURE M-A.COATES, Deirdre Dawson, Nicole D. Anderson, Sam J. Gilbert, Iroise Dumontheil, Shelley Channon
This article considers the scientific process whereby new and better clinical
tests of executive function might be developed, and what form they might take.
We argue that many of the traditional tests of executive function most commonly
in use (e.g., the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop) are adaptations of
procedures that emerged almost coincidentally from conceptual and experimental
frameworks... hiện toàn bộ
Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: A meta-analytic study Tập 9 Số 5 - Trang 679-689 - 2003
Igor Grant, Raúl González, Catherine L. Carey, Loki Natarajan, Tanya Wolfson
The possible medicinal use of cannabinoids for chronic diseases emphasizes the
need to understand the long-term effects of these compounds on the central
nervous system. We provide a quantitative synthesis of empirical research
pertaining to the non-acute (residual) effects of cannabis on the neurocognitive
performance of adult human subjects. Out of 1,014 studies retrieved using a
thorough search... hiện toàn bộ
Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 608-622 - 2004
Julie D. Henry, John R. Crawford
A meta-analysis of 68 studies with a total of 4644 participants was conducted to
investigate the sensitivity of tests of verbal fluency to the presence of
Parkinson's disease (PD) relative to healthy controls. Both phonemic and
semantic fluency were moderately impaired but neither deficit qualified as a
differential deficit relative to verbal intelligence or psychomotor speed.
However, PD patients... hiện toàn bộ
Frontal lobe damage produces episodic memory impairment Tập 1 Số 6 - Trang 525-536 - 1995
Mark A. Wheeler, Donald T. Stuss, Endel Tulving
AbstractThis article reports the outcome of a meta-analysis of the relation
between the frontal lobes and memory as measured by tests of recognition, cued
recall, and free recall. We reviewed experiments in which patients with
documented, circumscribed frontal pathology were compared with normal control
subjects on these three types of tests. Contrary to conventional wisdom, there
is strong eviden... hiện toàn bộ
Reliability and Validity of Composite Scores from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Adults Tập 20 Số 6 - Trang 588-598 - 2014
Robert K. Heaton, Roger Bakeman, David S. Tulsky, Dan Mungas, Sandra Weıntraub, Sureyya Dikmen, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Kevin P. Conway, Jerry Slotkin, Richard Gershon
AbstractThis study describes psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox
Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) Composite Scores in an adult sample. The NIHTB-CB
was designed for use in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials for ages 3 to
85. A total of 268 self-described healthy adults were recruited at four
university-based sites, using stratified sampling guidelines to target
demographic variability fo... hiện toàn bộ