Journal of International Development

Non‐government organizations working in development form a transnational community which has a new role in imperialism today. We explored the knowledge economy of this community with NGDOs in Ghana, India, Mexico and Europe and found it to be largely donor‐controlled and generally top‐down, often against the will of committed individual actors. Governability is arguably a greater priority to donors than the most effective poverty reduction. The new managerialism and its audit culture impose demands on NGDOs that tend to work against any ‘listening’ to southern NGDOs or their clients, so that the sharing of local knowledge and ideas is very restricted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Có nhiều quan điểm khác nhau về ý nghĩa của phát triển năng lực liên quan đến công nghệ sinh học nông nghiệp. Trọng tâm của cuộc tranh luận này là liệu nó nên bao gồm phát triển nguồn nhân lực và cơ sở hạ tầng nghiên cứu, hay bao gồm một loạt các hoạt động rộng hơn, trong đó có phát triển năng lực sử dụng kiến thức một cách hiệu quả. Bài viết này sử dụng khái niệm hệ thống đổi mới để làm sáng tỏ cuộc thảo luận này, lập luận rằng cần phát triển năng lực đổi mới thay vì chỉ năng lực khoa học và công nghệ. Bài viết sau đó trình bày sáu ví dụ về các phương pháp phát triển năng lực khác nhau. Cuối cùng, bài báo đề nghị rằng chính sách cần có cách tiếp cận đa chiều trong phát triển năng lực phù hợp với quan điểm hệ thống đổi mới. Tuy nhiên, cũng lập luận rằng chính sách cần công nhận sự cần thiết phát triển năng lực của nhiều hệ thống đổi mới khác nhau và một phần quan trọng của nhiệm vụ phát triển năng lực là tích hợp các hệ thống khác nhau này tại những điểm chiến lược theo thời gian. Bản quyền © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resilience has become prominent in academia where it is used as a central framework in disciplines such as ecology, climate change adaptation or urban planning. Policy makers and international development agencies also increasingly refer to it. The objective of this paper is to assess the advantages and limits of resilience in the context of development. Although the review highlights some positive elements—for example, the ability to foster an integrated approach—it also shows that resilience has important limitations. In particular, it is not a pro‐poor concept, in the sense that it does not exclusively apply to, or benefit, the poor. As such, resilience building cannot replace poverty reduction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Endogenous innovation growth theory is tested by using panel data for 27 provinces across China. R&D expenditure and openness are added to the standard convergence regressions to control for different structural characteristics in each province. A standardized ‘t‐bar’ test for unit roots is applied to examine the properties of the data and identify a long‐run relationship among the variables. By allowing for differences in the aggregate production function across regions, we find evidence of convergence. The empirical results support the endogenous innovation growth model in which regional per capita income can converge given technological diffusion, transfer and imitation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper describes in broad terms the first national assessment of the burden of disease using Disability Adjusted Life Years, which formed part of an overall study of health system reform in Mexico. The overall project, ‘Health and the Economy: proposals for improving the Health System in Mexico’, is one of the first experiences of applying the analytical tools featured in the World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. The Mexican National Burden of Disease (NBD) study was a critical component of the analysis of health system reform in Mexico. It provided a strong analytical basis for the identification of epidemiological priorities. The results of the study document the heterogeneous nature of the epidemiological transition in different parts of Mexico, and included both premature mortality and disability in the analysis. The results of this study were employed along with information on the cost‐effectiveness of major health interventions in Mexico to design a package of essential health services for all Mexicans. Not only was the NBD study useful in identifying health needs and interventions that may have a major health impact, but the exercise itself had a number of other benefits. Through the careful review of all available sources of information on the incidence, prevalence, duration and severity of disability and mortality by age, sex and cause, the strengths and gaps in the current information system were identified. The process by which a large number of Mexican experts were involved in the estimation of the burden of each disease encouraged broad participation of health experts in the discussions about health reform in Mexico.

This paper presents empirical evidence that links private investment to rate of return differential, risk aversion, and several types of political and economic risk. Estimating private investment equation for a panel of 25 developing countries over 21 years yields the following results: (i) socio‐political instability characterized by nonviolent protests promotes private investment while violent uprisings hinder private investment; (ii) regime change instability characterized by constitutional government change promotes private investment while unconstitutional government change hinders private investment; and (iii) policy uncertainty characterized by variability of contract enforcement rights promotes private investment while variability of government political capacity hinders private investment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper describes a project undertaken in Samoa to address climate change and other hazards, the method from which could provide a useful model for other small island developing states (SIDS). To reduce Samoa's coastal vulnerability and strengthen institutional and community response capability, land use planning and disaster management frameworks were integrated through: (1) Developing coastal infrastructure management plans for every district supported by a national strategy and integrated with national disaster management arrangements. (2) Intensive participatory village consultation which respected traditional and emerging cultural practices. (3) Training government staff to undertake the consultation work in villages and build capacity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

High and sustained levels of migration of health professionals from labour‐short health services in low‐income countries to the health services of rich countries create a perverse subsidy from poor to rich, flowing across national boundaries. This subsidy worsens international inequality, and creates an obligation, both ethical and legal, for the payment of restitution. Drawing on the case of the migration of health professionals from Sub‐Saharan Africa to the UK, we argue that this obligation in turn constitutes an opportunity to shift development aid relationships away from a framework of charity towards a less neo‐colonial commitment to progressive international fiscal transfers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.