Journal of Applied Toxicology
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Mitochondrial and liver oxidative stress alterations induced by N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine: relevance for hepatotoxicity
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 33 Số 6 - Trang 434-443 - 2013
ABSTRACTThe most significant toxicological effect of nitrosamines like
N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) is their carcinogenic activity,
which may result from exposure to a single large dose or from chronic exposure
to relatively small doses. However, its effects on mitochondrial liver
bioenergetics were never investigated. Liver is the principal organ responsible
for BBN metabolic activ...
Reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolism correspond to acute chloroform toxicity ofin vitro hepatocytes
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 25 Số 4 - Trang 310-317 - 2005
Impact of glyphosate and glyphosate‐based herbicides on the freshwater environment
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 34 Số 5 - Trang 458-479 - 2014
ABSTRACTGlyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is a broad spectrum, post
emergent herbicide and is among the most widely used agricultural chemicals
globally. Initially developed to control the growth of weed species in
agriculture, this herbicide also plays an important role in both modern
silviculture and domestic weed control. The creation of glyphosate tolerant crop
species has significantly...
Prevention by silymarin of membrane alterations in acute CCI4 liver damage
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 275-279 - 1990
AbstractThe effect of silymarin on liver lipid peroxidation and membrane lipid
alterations induced by an acute dose of CCI4 was studied. Four groups of animals
were treated with CCI4, CCI4 + silymarin, silymarin and its vehicles. CCI4 was
given orally (0.4 g 100 g−1 body wt.) and silymarin was administered i.p. All
animals were sacrificed 24 h after the treatments. Liver lipid peroxidation was
mea...
Protection against thallium hepatotoxicity by Silymarin
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 351-354 - 1988
AbstractThe effect of silymarin (100 mg/kg i.p.) on the biochemical indicators
of liver damage induced by thallium (10 mg/kg p.o.) was studied in rats. The
production of malondialdehyde and the content of reduced glutathione in the
liver were measured as indicators of lipid peroxidation. Thallium intoxication
increased the serum activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma‐glutamyl
transpept...
Review of the health effects of methylmercury
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 5 Số 3 - Trang 113-133 - 1985
AbstractThe study critically reviews recent data relating to the health effects
of methylmercury in man and the attendant dose‐response relationships. New data
obtained from animal studies, including pre‐ and postnatal exposure, are also
examined. The consumption of fish and fish produce represents the major source
of methylmercury exposure in the general population. Reported mercury
concentration...
Influence of the surface coating on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and uptake of gold nanoparticles in human HepG2 cells
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 33 Số 10 - Trang 1111-1119 - 2013
ABSTRACTThe toxicological profile of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remains
controversial. Significant efforts to develop surface coatings to improve
biocompatibility have been carried out. In vivo biodistribution studies have
shown that the liver is a target for AuNPs accumulation. Therefore, we
investigated the effects induced by ~20 nm spherical AuNPs (0–200 μM Au) with
two surface coatings, citrat...
Aflatoxin biomarkers in hair may facilitate long‐term exposure studies
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 37 Số 4 - Trang 395-399 - 2017
AbstractAflatoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites produced by some members
of the Aspergillus species. They are low molecular weight lipophilic compounds
that are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. They contaminate most
staple foods, including maize, peanuts, peanut butter and sorghum mainly in the
tropics where hot and humid conditions promote fungal growth. Absorbed
aflatoxins...
Physiologically based modeling of p‐tert‐octylphenol kinetics following intravenous, oral or subcutaneous exposure in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 30 Số 5 - Trang 437-449 - 2010
AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a physiologically based
pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for p‐tert‐octylphenol (OP) for understanding the
qualitative and quantitative determinants of its kinetics in Sprague–Dawley
rats. Compartments of the PBPK model included the liver, richly perfused
tissues, poorly perfused tissues, reproductive tissues, adipose tissue and
subcutaneous space, in...
Calibration and validation of a physiologically based model for soman intoxication in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig and pig
Journal of Applied Toxicology - Tập 32 Số 9 - Trang 673-686 - 2012
ABSTRACTA physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD)
model has been developed for low, medium and high levels of soman intoxication
in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig and pig. The primary objective of this model
was to describe the pharmacokinetics of soman after intravenous, intramuscular
and subcutaneous administration in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig, and pig as
well as i...
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