Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases Tập 129 Số 2 - Trang 154-169 - 2010
Sandra Amor, Fabìola Puentes, David Baker, Paul van der Valk
Summary Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive dysfunction and loss of
neurons and axons in the central nervous system, is the primary pathological
feature of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s
disease and Parkinson’s disease, neurotropic viral infections, stroke,
paraneoplastic disorders, traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis. Despite
different trigger... hiện toàn bộ
Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll‐like receptor‐4 Tập 113 Số 2 - Trang 153-162 - 2004
Eva M. Pålsson‐McDermott, Luke O'neill
SummaryAn understanding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction is a key
goal in the effort to provide a molecular basis for the lethal effect of LPS
during septic shock and point the way to novel therapies. Rapid progress in this
field during the last 6 years has resulted in the discovery of not only the
receptor for LPS – Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) – but also in a better
appreciation of... hiện toàn bộ
Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape Tập 121 Số 1 - Trang 1-14 - 2007
Ryungsa Kim, Manabu Emi, Kazuaki Tanabe
SummaryCancer immune surveillance is considered to be an important host
protection process to inhibit carcinogenesis and to maintain cellular
homeostasis. In the interaction of host and tumour cells, three essential phases
have been proposed: elimination, equilibrium and escape, which are designated
the ‘three E’s'. Several immune effector cells and secreted cytokines play a
critical role in pursu... hiện toàn bộ
Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population Tập 120 Số 4 - Trang 435-446 - 2007
Danielle Aw, Alberto B. Silva, Donald B. Palmer
SummaryIt is now becoming apparent that the immune system undergoes
age‐associated alterations, which accumulate to produce a progressive
deterioration in the ability to respond to infections and to develop immunity
after vaccination, both of which are associated with a higher mortality rate in
the elderly. Immunosenescence, defined as the changes in the immune system
associated with age, has been... hiện toàn bộ
CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset Tập 126 Số 4 - Trang 458-465 - 2009
Aurélie Poli, Tatiana Michel, Maud Thérésine, Emmanuel Andrès, François Hentges, Jacques Zimmer
SummaryHuman natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided into different
populations based on the relative expression of the surface markers CD16 and
CD56. The two major subsets are CD56bright CD16dim/− and CD56dim CD16+,
respectively. In this review, we will focus on the CD56bright NK cell subset.
These cells are numerically in the minority in peripheral blood but constitute
the majority of NK cel... hiện toàn bộ
Normal human pregnancy is associated with an elevation in the immune suppressive CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T‐cell subset Tập 112 Số 1 - Trang 38-43 - 2004
David Somerset, Yong Zheng, Mark D. Kilby, David M. Sansom, Mark T. Drayson
SummaryCD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (TReg), suppress antigen‐specific immune
responses and are important for allograft tolerance. During pregnancy the mother
tolerates an allograft expressing paternal antigens (the fetus) requiring
substantial changes in immune regulation over a programmed period of time. We
analysed whether immune‐suppressive TReg cells were altered during pregnancy and
therefor... hiện toàn bộ
Intestinal colonization resistance Tập 138 Số 1 - Trang 1-11 - 2013
Trevor D. Lawley, Alan W. Walker
SummaryDense, complex microbial communities, collectively termed the microbiota,
occupy a diverse array of niches along the length of the mammalian intestinal
tract. During health and in the absence of antibiotic exposure the microbiota
can effectively inhibit colonization and overgrowth by invading microbes such as
pathogens. This phenomenon is called ‘colonization resistance’ and is associated
w... hiện toàn bộ
Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease: a universal messenger in an unsolved puzzle Tập 113 Số 4 - Trang 427-437 - 2004
George Kolios, Vassilis Valatas, Stephen G. Ward
SummaryIn recent years, nitric oxide (NO), a gas previously considered to be a
potentially toxic chemical, has been established as a diffusible universal
messenger that mediates cell–cell communication throughout the body.
Constitutive and inducible NO production regulate numerous essential functions
of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as maintenance of adequate perfusion,
regulation of microvasc... hiện toàn bộ
IgG4 breaking the rules Tập 105 Số 1 - Trang 9-19 - 2002
Rob C. Aalberse, Janine Schuurman
SummaryImmunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies have been known for some time to be
functionally monovalent. Recently, the structural basis for this monovalency has
been elucidated: the in vivo exchange of IgG half‐molecules (one H‐plus one
L‐chain) among IgG4. This process results in bispecific antibodies that in most
situations will behave as functionally monovalent antibodies. The structural
basis f... hiện toàn bộ
Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes activated T cells to apoptosis prior to cell division Tập 107 Số 4 - Trang 452-460 - 2002
Geon Kook Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Megan K. L. MacLeod, Phillip Chandler, David H. Munn, Andrew L. Mellor
SummaryCells expressing indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme which
catabolizes tryptophan, prevent T‐cell proliferation in vitro, suppress maternal
antifetal immunity during pregnancy and inhibit T‐cell‐mediated responses to
tumour‐associated antigens. To examine the mechanistic basis of these phenomena
we activated naïve murine T cells in chemically defined tryptophan‐free media.
Under th... hiện toàn bộ