Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases Tập 129 Số 2 - Trang 154-169 - 2010
Sandra Amor, Fabìola Puentes, David Baker, Paul van der Valk
Summary Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons and axons in the central nervous system, is the primary pathological feature of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, neurotropic viral infections, stroke, paraneoplastic disorders, traumatic brain injury and multiple scler...... hiện toàn bộ Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll‐like receptor‐4 Tập 113 Số 2 - Trang 153-162 - 2004
Eva M. Pålsson‐McDermott, Luke O'neill
SummaryAn understanding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction is a key goal in the effort to provide a molecular basis for the lethal effect of LPS during septic shock and point the way to novel therapies. Rapid progress in this field during the last 6 years has resulted in the discovery of not only the receptor for LPS – Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) – but...... hiện toàn bộ Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape Tập 121 Số 1 - Trang 1-14 - 2007
Ryungsa Kim, Manabu Emi, Kazuaki Tanabe
SummaryCancer immune surveillance is considered to be an important host protection process to inhibit carcinogenesis and to maintain cellular homeostasis. In the interaction of host and tumour cells, three essential phases have been proposed: elimination, equilibrium and escape, which are designated the ‘three E’s'. Several immune effector cells and secreted cytoki...... hiện toàn bộ Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population Tập 120 Số 4 - Trang 435-446 - 2007
Danielle Aw, Alberto B. Silva, Donald B. Palmer
SummaryIt is now becoming apparent that the immune system undergoes age‐associated alterations, which accumulate to produce a progressive deterioration in the ability to respond to infections and to develop immunity after vaccination, both of which are associated with a higher mortality rate in the elderly. Immunosenescence, defined as the changes in the immune sys...... hiện toàn bộ CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset Tập 126 Số 4 - Trang 458-465 - 2009
Aurélie Poli, Tatiana Michel, Maud Thérésine, Emmanuel Andrès, François Hentges, Jacques Zimmer
SummaryHuman natural killer (NK) cells can be subdivided into different populations based on the relative expression of the surface markers CD16 and CD56. The two major subsets are CD56bright CD16dim/− and CD56dim CD16+, respectively. In this review, we will foc...... hiện toàn bộ Intestinal colonization resistance Tập 138 Số 1 - Trang 1-11 - 2013
Trevor D. Lawley, Alan W. Walker
SummaryDense, complex microbial communities, collectively termed the microbiota, occupy a diverse array of niches along the length of the mammalian intestinal tract. During health and in the absence of antibiotic exposure the microbiota can effectively inhibit colonization and overgrowth by invading microbes such as pathogens. This phenomenon is called ‘colonizatio...... hiện toàn bộ Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease: a universal messenger in an unsolved puzzle Tập 113 Số 4 - Trang 427-437 - 2004
George Kolios, Vassilis Valatas, Stephen G. Ward
SummaryIn recent years, nitric oxide (NO), a gas previously considered to be a potentially toxic chemical, has been established as a diffusible universal messenger that mediates cell–cell communication throughout the body. Constitutive and inducible NO production regulate numerous essential functions of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as maintenance of adequate p...... hiện toàn bộ IgG4 breaking the rules Tập 105 Số 1 - Trang 9-19 - 2002
Rob C. Aalberse, Janine Schuurman
SummaryImmunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies have been known for some time to be functionally monovalent. Recently, the structural basis for this monovalency has been elucidated: the in vivo exchange of IgG half‐molecules (one H‐plus one L‐chain) among IgG4. This process results in bispecific antibodies that in most situations will behave a...... hiện toàn bộ Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes activated T cells to apoptosis prior to cell division Tập 107 Số 4 - Trang 452-460 - 2002
Geon Kook Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Megan K. L. MacLeod, Phillip Chandler, David H. Munn, Andrew L. Mellor
SummaryCells expressing indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme which catabolizes tryptophan, prevent T‐cell proliferation in vitro, suppress maternal antifetal immunity during pregnancy and inhibit T‐cell‐mediated responses to tumour‐associated antigens. To examine the mechanistic basis of these phenomena we activated naïve murine T...... hiện toàn bộ