Immunology
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Effect of mucosal and systemic immunization with virus‐like particles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mice
Immunology - Tập 130 Số 2 - Trang 254-261 - 2010
SummaryNasal administration has emerged as a promising and attractive route for
vaccination, especially for the prophylaxis of respiratory diseases. Our
previous studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS‐CoV) virus‐like particles (VLPs) can be assembled using a recombinant
baculovirus (rBV) expression system and such VLPs induce specific humoral and
cellular immun...
Role of prolactin in the in vitro development of interleukin‐2‐driven anti‐tumoural lymphokine‐activated killer cells
Immunology - Tập 89 Số 4 - Trang 619-626 - 1996
Exogenous prolactin (PRL) has been shown to synergize with low‐dose
interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and induce the proliferation and lymphokine‐activated
killer (LAK) maturation of natural killer (NK) cells. PRL itself can also
generate LAK activity. Here we show that its local production occurs during, and
is necessary for, LAK development. IL‐2‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) and purif...
Up‐modulation of interferon‐γ mediates the enhancement of spontanous cytotoxicity in prolactin‐activated natural killer cells
Immunology - Tập 98 Số 3 - Trang 386-392 - 1999
SummaryProlactin (PRL) has been shown to participate in lymphocyte activation.
In particular, the constitutive natural killer (NK) and the lymphokine‐activated
killer (LAK) cytotoxicity of CD56+ CD16+ cells is increased by its physiological
to supraphysiological concentrations. As PRL has been shown to up‐regulate the
production of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we
stu...
Reversal of functional defects in highly differentiated young and old CD8 T cells by PDL blockade
Immunology - Tập 135 Số 4 - Trang 355-363 - 2012
SummaryHighly differentiated CD8+ CD28− CD27− T cells have short telomeres,
defective telomerase activity and reduced capacity for proliferation. In
addition, these cells express increased levels of inhibitory receptors and
display defective Akt(ser473) phosphorylation following activation. It is not
known whether signalling via programmed death 1 (PD‐1) contributes to any of the
attenuated differ...
HCV‐specific CD27− CD28− memory T cells are depleted in hepatitis C virus and Schistosoma mansoni co‐infection
Immunology - Tập 110 Số 4 - Trang 513-518 - 2003
SummaryFactors that influence the generation and maintenance of memory CD8+ T
cells are not fully understood. The homeostasis of memory T cells is highly
dynamic and tightly regulated by various stimuli, including cytokines and
antigen–major histocompatibility complex ligands. We characterized the hepatitis
C virus (HCV)‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses in a cohort of HCV‐infected
individuals with o...
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a perspective on potential roles in the immune system
Immunology - Tập 127 Số 3 - Trang 299-311 - 2009
SummaryThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a protein best known for its role
in mediating toxicity. Over 30 years of research has uncovered additional roles
for the AHR in xenobiotic metabolism and normal vascular development. Activation
of the AHR has long been known to cause immunotoxicity, including thymic
involution. Recent data suggesting a role for the AHR in regulatory T‐cell
(Treg) and ...
Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes activated T cells to apoptosis prior to cell division
Immunology - Tập 107 Số 4 - Trang 452-460 - 2002
SummaryCells expressing indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme which
catabolizes tryptophan, prevent T‐cell proliferation in vitro, suppress maternal
antifetal immunity during pregnancy and inhibit T‐cell‐mediated responses to
tumour‐associated antigens. To examine the mechanistic basis of these phenomena
we activated naïve murine T cells in chemically defined tryptophan‐free media.
Under th...
Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape
Immunology - Tập 121 Số 1 - Trang 1-14 - 2007
SummaryCancer immune surveillance is considered to be an important host
protection process to inhibit carcinogenesis and to maintain cellular
homeostasis. In the interaction of host and tumour cells, three essential phases
have been proposed: elimination, equilibrium and escape, which are designated
the ‘three E’s'. Several immune effector cells and secreted cytokines play a
critical role in pursu...
Studies on transcriptional regulation of the mucosal T‐cell integrin αEβ7 (CD103)
Immunology - Tập 103 Số 2 - Trang 146-154 - 2001
SummaryIntegrin αEβ7 is expressed almost exclusively by mucosal T cells and
mucosal dendritic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and is thought to be induced
locally by transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). In mice, mRNA for the αE
subunit was found to be abundant in mucosal T cells but absent from other
tissues. Exposure of a T‐cell line to TGF‐β strongly up‐regulated αE mRNA levels
within 30 min, a...
Mechanisms of binding of cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐positive and αeβ7‐positive lymphocytes to oral and skin keratinocytes
Immunology - Tập 98 Số 1 - Trang 9-15 - 1999
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) utilize the integrin αeβ7 on their surface to
bind to E‐cadherin on epithelial cells in the gut and breast. In oral mucosa and
skin IEL express αeβ7 and the cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA) but
the mechanisms of adhesion of these subsets to keratinocytes are unknown. Levels
of αeβ7 and CLA were up‐regulated on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by
tra...
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