Health Promotion Practice
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Building Capacity for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health Disparities in Canada: The Case of “Partnerships in Community Health Research” Enthusiasm for community-based participatory research (CBPR) is increasing among health researchers and practitioners in addressing health disparities. Although there are many benefits of CBPR, such as its ability to democratize knowledge and link research to community action and social change, there are also perils that researchers can encounter that can threaten the integrity of the research and undermine relationships. Despite the increasing demand for CBPR-qualified individuals, few programs exist that are capable of facilitating in-depth and experiential training for both students and those working in communities. This article reviews the Partnerships in Community Health Research (PCHR), a training program at the University of British Columbia that between 2001 and 2009 has equipped graduate student and community-based learners with knowledge, skills, and experience to engage together more effectively using CBPR. With case studies of PCHR learner projects, this article illustrates some of the important successes and lessons learned in preparing CBPR-qualified researchers and community-based professionals in Canada.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 280-292 - 2011
Development of STEADI Falls among people aged ≥65 years are the leading cause of both injury deaths and emergency department visits for trauma. Research shows that many falls are preventable. In the clinical setting, an effective fall intervention involves assessing and addressing an individual’s fall risk factors. This individualized approach is recommended in the American and British Geriatrics Societies’ (AGS/BGS) practice guideline. This article describes the development of STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries), a fall prevention tool kit that contains an array of health care provider resources for assessing and addressing fall risk in clinical settings. As researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Injury Center, we reviewed relevant literature and conducted in-depth interviews with health care providers to determine current knowledge and practices related to older adult fall prevention. We developed draft resources based on the AGS/BGS guideline, incorporated provider input, and addressed identified knowledge and practice gaps. Draft resources were reviewed by six focus groups of health care providers and revised. The completed STEADI tool kit, Preventing Falls in Older Patients—A Provider Tool Kit, is designed to help health care providers incorporate fall risk assessment and individualized fall interventions into routine clinical practice and to link clinical care with community-based fall prevention programs.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 14 Số 5 - Trang 706-714 - 2013
Equipping Public Health Professionals for Youth Engagement There is strong evidence of the positive role that youth engagement programs and policies play in creating resiliency and producing positive outcomes among youth populations, such as delaying or avoiding the onset of risk-taking behaviors. Research also suggests that achieving positive outcomes ideally includes influence from the individual, the family, the school, the community, and the field of public health (available in A Research Report and Recommendations for Ontario Public Health Association). The authors conducted a comprehensive evaluation of a 2-year pilot project designed to increase the application of engagement and resiliency theory, knowledge, and skills among public health professionals engaging students from Grades 6, 7, and 8 (11- to 14-year-olds). Qualitative methods assessed public health satisfaction with training, resources, and networking activities, whereas quantitative methods assessed changes in capacity with respect to youth engagement knowledge, awareness, confidence, and skills. The findings have helped shed light on public health professional needs concerning capacity and confidence to undertake youth engagement work. Key lessons learned about making youth engagement possible and effective for public health professionals are presented.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 15 Số 1 - Trang 28-34 - 2014
Self-Administered Assessment of Health Literacy in Adolescents Using the Newest Vital Sign The “Newest Vital Sign” (NVS) is a validated health literacy assessment tool typically administered by clinicians. The objective of this study was to assess if the NVS could be self-administered in adolescents to measure health literacy. Sixth graders in a Colorado middle school were provided a self-administered survey containing the NVS, a section for parent permission, and a section for the student’s age, gender, grade, and previous elementary school. In all, 167 sixth graders returned usable surveys (45% return rate), and the average health literacy score was 3.75 ± 1.70. Almost two thirds (62.9%) of the students scored in the adequate health literacy range, while only 12.6% scored in the limited health literacy range. Health literacy scores were similar when evaluated based on gender. However, when students were grouped based on prior elementary school attendance, students who matriculated from one elementary school had an average NVS score significantly lower than two other elementary schools (p < .001 and p < .05). Self-administration of the NVS was successful and showed similar health literacy scores compared to other studies in adolescents. Using the NVS as a self-administered tool could greatly increase its function as a quick health literacy assessment for adolescents, both in clinical practice and in school-based health education.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 19 Số 1 - Trang 119-124 - 2018
Adaptation of a Lay Health Advisor Model as a Recruitment and Retention Strategy in a Clinical Trial of College Student Smokers This study describes and provides results from a process evaluation of a lay health advisor (LHA) model to enhance participation in a clinical trial of the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on smoking cessation in college fraternity and sorority members. The implementation of the model had two phases: (a) the selection and training of LHAs as liaisons between research staff and participants and (b) LHAs’ roles in recruitment and retention. Perceptions of the LHA model were explored using survey questionnaires. Trial participants (N = 118) and LHAs (N = 8) were generally satisfied with the model and identified LHAs as helpful to participation. Seventy-four percent of chapter members were screened and 73% of participants received three of the four motivational interviewing sessions. These results indicate the LHA model was well received and met the needs of the research project.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 11 Số 5 - Trang 751-759 - 2010
Indigenous Knowledge Translation: Baseline Findings in a Qualitative Study of the Pathways of Health Knowledge in Three Indigenous Communities in Canada To acquire an understanding of the pathways of health information dissemination and use by Indigenous community members, the researchers applied an Indigenous participatory action research approach in partnership with one urban Inuit, one urban Métis, and one semirural First Nations community in Ontario, Canada. A descriptive community case study was conducted in each community through the use of focus groups, key informant interviews, and document inquiry. Results were corroborated by the communities. Each of the three community consultations generated distinct and striking data about health information sources and dissemination strategies; decision-making processes; locally relevant concepts of health, local health services, and programs; community structures; and mechanisms of interface with noncommunity systems. In addition, several crosscutting themes were identified. The participatory research approach successfully engaged community partners. These findings support the hypothesis that understanding local Indigenous processes of knowledge creation, dissemination, and utilization is a necessary prerequisite to effective knowledge translation in Indigenous contexts.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 10 Số 3 - Trang 436-446 - 2009
Care Management Medical Home Center Model This article presents preliminary findings of the impact of an innovative care management model for diabetic patients. The model was implemented by seven Federally Qualified Health Centers serving 10,000 diabetic patients in Miami-Dade County. A primary intervention of this model is a centralized care management team that makes previsit phone calls to diabetic patients who have scheduled appointments. These previsit phone calls optimize patient knowledge and self-management goals, and provide patient care coordinators with relevant clinical information to optimize the office visit and help to ensure completion of recommended diabetic preventive and chronic care services. Data suggest that following the implementation of this care management model, more diabetic patients are receiving regular care, and compliance with recommended tests and screenings has improved.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 16 Số 4 - Trang 609-616 - 2015
Conceptualizing, Implementing, and Monitoring a Structural Health Promotion Intervention in an Organizational Setting This article presents a framework for developing and carrying out an implementation monitoring plan of a complex structural intervention in an organizational setting and describes seven steps for analyzing and reporting results for fidelity and completeness of implementation. This process is illustrated using the Environmental Interventions in Children’s Homes (ENRICH) Wellness Project. ENRICH aimed to promote physical activity and healthful nutrition behaviors among children residing in children’s group homes by working collaboratively with organizational staff. A comprehensive implementation monitoring plan was developed based on the particulars of the setting, context, and the program framework and used multiple data sources, criteria for evidence of implementation, and data triangulation to examine evidence for organizational implementation. Eleven of 17 organizations (65%) met the criteria for nutrition implementation whereas 9 of 17 (53%) met the criteria for physical activity implementation. Implementation data can be used descriptively, as described here, and may also be used in future outcome analyses to better understand project outcomes. The framework and evaluation approach are applicable to complex interventions in other organizational settings.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 14 Số 3 - Trang 343-353 - 2013
Translating Research to Practice Although there has been an increase in the availability of effective, evidence-based physical activity interventions in school settings during the past decade, there is a paucity of published research focusing on the translation of these effective interventions into real-world practice. The purpose of this research was to examine the translatability of an existing school-based physical activity intervention. More specifically, this research sought to identify the barriers and facilitators in adopting, implementing, and maintaining a school-based physical activity intervention using RE-AIM as a theoretical evaluation framework. It was concluded that interventions that consider issues around complexity and compatibility with the school setting are more likely to be adopted, implemented, and maintained. It was recommended that future evaluations of physical activity interventions should not be limited to testing internal validity, but should consider external validity and ecological aspects, relevant to increasing dissemination in real-world settings.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 932-941 - 2011
CERC as a Theoretical Framework for Research and Practice Health communicators at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed an integrated model titled Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) as a tool to educate and equip public health professionals for the expanding communication responsibilities of public health in emergency situations. This essay focuses on CERC as a general theoretical framework for explaining how health communication functions within the contexts of risk and crisis. Specifically, the authors provide an overview of CERC and examine the relationship of risk communication to crisis communication, the role of communication in emergency response, and the theoretical underpinnings of CERC. The article offers an initial set of propositions based on the CERC framework and concludes with a discussion of future directions.
Health Promotion Practice - Tập 9 Số 4_suppl - Trang 26S-34S - 2008
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