Epidemiology
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Sắp xếp:
Impact of Fine and Ultrafine Particles on Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiac and Respiratory Diseases
Epidemiology - Tập 21 Số 3 - Trang 414-423 - 2010
Fine Particulate Matter and Wheezing Illnesses in the First Year of Life
Epidemiology - Tập 15 Số 6 - Trang 702-708 - 2004
Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease
Epidemiology - Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 20-28 - 1996
Exposure During Pregnancy to Glycol Ethers and Chlorinated Solvents and the Risk of Congenital Malformations
Epidemiology - Tập 23 Số 6 - Trang 806-812 - 2012
Projected Changes in Temperature-related Morbidity and Mortality in Southern New England
Background:
Climate change is expected to result in more heat-related, but potentially fewer cold-related, emergency department visits and deaths. The net effect of projected changes in temperature on morbidity and mortality remains incompletely understood. We estimated the change in temperature-related morbidity and mortality at two sites in southern New England, United States, through the end of the 21st century.
Methods:
We used distributed lag Poisson regression models to estimate the present-day associations between daily mean temperature and all-cause emergency department visits and deaths in Rhode Island and in Boston, Massachusetts. We estimated the change in temperature-related visits and deaths in 2045–2054 and 2085–2094 (relative to 2001–2010) under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) using downscaled projections from an ensemble of over 40 climate models, assuming all other factors remain constant.
Results:
We observed U -shaped relationships between temperature and morbidity and mortality in Rhode Island, with minima at 10.9°C and 22.5°C, respectively. We estimated that, if this population were exposed to the future temperatures projected under RCP8.5 for 2085–2094, there would be 5,976 (95% eCI = 1,630, 11,379) more emergency department visits but 218 (95% eCI = −551, 43) fewer deaths annually. Results were similar in Boston and similar but less pronounced in the 2050s and under RCP4.5.
Conclusions:
We estimated that in the absence of further adaptation, if the current southern New England population were exposed to the higher temperatures projected for future decades, temperature-related emergency department visits would increase but temperature-related deaths would not.
Epidemiology - Tập 29 Số 4 - Trang 473-481 - 2018
Validation of Questionnaire-based Case Definitions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Background:
Various questionnaire-based definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been applied using the US representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but few have been validated against objective lung function data. We validated two prior definitions that incorporated self-reported physician diagnosis, respiratory symptoms, and/or smoking. We also validated a new definition that we developed empirically using gradient boosting, an ensemble machine learning method.
Methods:
Data came from 7,996 individuals 40–79 years who participated in NHANES 2007–2012 and underwent spirometry. We considered participants “true” COPD cases if their ratio of postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity was below 0.7 or the lower limit of normal. We stratified all analyses by smoking history. We developed a gradient boosting model for smokers only; predictors assessed (25 total) included sociodemographics, inhalant exposures, clinical variables, and respiratory symptoms.
Results:
The spirometry-based COPD prevalence was 26% for smokers and 8% for never smokers. Among smokers, using questionnaire-based definitions resulted in a COPD prevalence ranging from 11% to 16%, sensitivity ranging from 18% to 35%, and specificity ranging from 88% to 92%. The new definition classified participants based on age, bronchodilator use, body mass index (BMI), smoking pack-years, and occupational organic dust exposure, and resulted in the highest sensitivity (35%) and specificity (92%) among smokers. Among never smokers, the COPD prevalence ranged from 4% to 5%, and we attained good specificity (96%) at the expense of sensitivity (9-10%).
Conclusion:
Our results can be used to parametrize misclassification assumptions for quantitative bias analysis when pulmonary function data are unavailable.
Epidemiology - Tập 31 Số 3 - Trang 459-466 - 2020
Human Papillomavirus Infections Among Couples in New Sexual Relationships
Epidemiology - Tập 21 Số 1 - Trang 31-37 - 2010
Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Emergency Department Visits
Epidemiology - Tập 16 Số 2 - Trang 164-174 - 2005
Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits
Epidemiology - Tập 15 Số 1 - Trang 46-56 - 2004
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