Impact of Fine and Ultrafine Particles on Emergency Hospital Admissions for Cardiac and Respiratory Diseases

2006, WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Global Update 2005.

Pope, 2006, Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect., J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 56, 709, 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485

Samet, 2007, Health effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution., J Toxicol Environ Health A, 70, 227, 10.1080/15287390600884644

MacNee, 2003, Mechanism of lung injury caused by PM10 and ultrafine particles with special reference to COPD., Eur Respir J, 21, 47s, 10.1183/09031936.03.00403203

Schwartz, 1996, Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles ?, J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 46, 927, 10.1080/10473289.1996.10467528

Dominici, 2006, Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases., JAMA, 295, 1127, 10.1001/jama.295.10.1127

Anderson, 2001, Particulate matter and daily mortality and hospital admissions in the west midlands conurbation of the United Kingdom: associations with fine and coarse particles, black smoke and sulphate., Occup Environ Med, 58, 504, 10.1136/oem.58.8.504

Host, 2008, Short-term associations between fine and coarse particles and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases in six French cities., Occup Environ Med, 65, 544, 10.1136/oem.2007.036194

Seaton, 1995, Particulate air pollution and acute health effect., Lancet, 345, 176, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90173-6

Oberdörster, 2005, Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles., Environ Health Perspect, 113, 823, 10.1289/ehp.7339

Delfino, 2005, Potential role of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne particle mass and cardiovascular health., Environ Health Perspect, 113, 934, 10.1289/ehp.7938

Oberdörster, 2001, Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles., Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 74, 1, 10.1007/s004200000185

Stolzel, 2007, Daily mortality and particulate matter in different size classes in Erfurt, Germany., J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 17, 458, 10.1038/sj.jes.7500538

Wichmann, 2000, Daily mortality and fine and ultrafine particles in Erfurt, Germany part I: role of particle number and particle mass., Res Rep Health Eff Inst, 98, 5

Kettunen, 2007, Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels., Stroke, 38, 918, 10.1161/01.STR.0000257999.49706.3b

Halonen, 2009, Associations of different measures of particulate air pollution with acute cardio-respiratory hospital admissions and mortality among the elderly., Epidemiology, 20, 143, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818c7237

Andersen, 2008, Size distribution and total number concentration of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles and hospital admissions in children and the elderly in Copenhagen, Denmark., Occup Environ Med, 65, 458, 10.1136/oem.2007.033290

Halonen, 2008, Urban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits., Thorax, 63, 635, 10.1136/thx.2007.091371

Zanobetti, 2006, Air pollution and emergency admissions in Boston, MA., J Epidemiol Community Health, 60, 890, 10.1136/jech.2005.039834

Peel, 2006, Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits in potentially sensitive groups., Am J Epidemiol, 165, 625, 10.1093/aje/kwk051

Forastiere, 2008, Particulate matter and daily mortality: a case-crossover analysis of individual effect modifiers., Epidemiology, 19, 571, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181761f8a

Forastiere, 2005, A case-crossover analysis of out-of-hospital coronary deaths and air pollution in Rome, Italy., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172, 1549, 10.1164/rccm.200412-1726OC

Aalto, 2005, Aerosol particle number concentration measurements in five European cities using TSI-3022 condensation particle counter over a three-year period during health effects of air pollution on susceptible sub-populations., J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 55, 1064, 10.1080/10473289.2005.10464702

Steadman, 1979, The assessment of sultriness. Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science., J Appl Meteorol, 18, 861, 10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<0861:TAOSPI>2.0.CO;2

Maclure, 1991, The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events., Am J Epidemiol, 133, 144, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853

Levy, 2001, Referent selection in case-crossover analyses of acute health effects of air pollution., Epidemiology, 12, 186, 10.1097/00001648-200103000-00010

Kunzli, 2005, A call for reporting the relevant exposure term in air pollution case-crossover studies., J Epidemiol Community Health, 59, 527, 10.1136/jech.2004.027391

Zeka, 2006, Individual-level modifiers of the effects of particulate matter on daily mortality., Am J Epidemiol, 163, 849, 10.1093/aje/kwj116

Pope, 2006, Ischemic heart disease events triggered by short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution., Circulation, 114, 2443, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.636977

Sunyer, 2000, Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of death associated with urban particle air pollution: a case-crossover analysis., Am J Epidemiol, 151, 50, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010121

De Leon, 2003, Contribution of respiratory disease to nonrespiratory mortality associations with air pollution., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167, 1117, 10.1164/rccm.200205-409OC

Lee, 2008, Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure: are there potentially sensitive groups ?, Environ Res, 108, 348, 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.024

Symmons, 2006, A case crossover study of fine particulate matter air pollution and onset of congestive heart failure symptom exacerbation leading to hospitalization., Am J Epidemiol, 164, 421, 10.1093/aje/kwj206

Wellenius, 2007, Effects of ambient air pollution on functional status in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a repeated-measures study., Environ Health, 6, 10.1186/1476-069X-6-26

Lanki, 2006, Associations of traffic related air pollutants with hospitalization for first acute myocardial infarction: the HEAPSS study., Occup Environ Med, 63, 844, 10.1136/oem.2005.023911

Von Klot, 2005, Ambient air pollution is associated with increased risk of hospital cardiac readmissions of myocardial infarction survivors in five European cities., Circulation, 112, 3073, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548743

Inoue, 2006, Pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles enhances coagulatory disturbance with endothelial damage and systemic inflammation related to lung inflammation., Exp Biol Med, 231, 1626, 10.1177/153537020623101007

Peel, 2005, Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits., Epidemiology, 16, 164, 10.1097/01.ede.0000152905.42113.db

Ko, 2007, Temporal relationship between air pollutants and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong., Thorax, 62, 779, 10.1136/thx.2006.076166

Penttinen, 2001, Ultrafine particles in urban air and respiratory health among adults asthmatics., Eur Respir J, 17, 428, 10.1183/09031936.01.17304280

Tittanen, 1999, Fine particulate air pollution, resuspended road dust and respiratory health among symptomatic children., Eur Respir J, 13, 266, 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13b08.x

Pekkanen, 1997, Effects of ultrafine and fine particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children with asthmatic symptoms., Environ Res, 74, 24, 10.1006/enrs.1997.3750

Hoek, 2008, Indoor-outdoor relationships of particle number and mass in four European cities., Atmos Environ, 42, 156, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.026