Diversity and Distributions
1366-9516
1472-4642
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: WILEY , Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Lĩnh vực:
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. Appropriate topics include innovative applications or methods of species distribution modelling; the application of island biogeographic principles to conservation; developing paradigms, models and frameworks for conservation planning and risk assessment; or identifying the agents of global change, including how climate change, land use change and invasive species affect the abundance, distribution, and range boundaries of native species. Papers must meet four criteria to be considered for publication: (1) They must have a strong biogeographic focus with clear conservation implications, or a strong conservation focus on biogeographic patterns or principles, (2) submissions must test clear hypotheses or predictions arising from theory, or derive novel insights from biogeographic patterns and biodiversity trends, (3) they must be presented clearly and concisely, and (4) their results must have clear and important implications for our understanding of biogeography and must be of potential broad interest of the readership.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Topography of the Andes Mountains shapes the wintering distribution of a migratory bird Abstract Aim In birds, patterns of migratory connectivity are influenced by landscape structure experienced throughout the annual cycle. Assessing how landscape patterns drive the movements and distributions of migratory species is important for understanding the evolution of migration and determining conservation priorities. We determined migratory connectivity in the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis ), a declining Neotropical migratory bird, and evaluated the degree to which the Andean mountains influence winter population distribution in this montane forest specialist. Location Seven study regions across the Western, Central, and Eastern Andes of Colombia. Methods We inferred breeding and natal origins of Canada Warblers overwintering in Colombia by analysing stable hydrogen isotope values (δ2 H) in feathers and assigning wintering populations to breeding origins using an established feather δ2 H isoscape for North America. Results We found strong evidence for parallel migration between breeding and wintering sites, giving rise to moderately strong migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering regions. The model best explaining population distribution in the Colombian Andes implied that populations were most similar within basins or valleys. Such segregation is notable, given that basins are separated by less than 300 km on the wintering grounds, while breeding populations may be separated by more than 3000 km from east to west. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the high spine of each Andean cordillera acts to shape the winter distribution of individuals from different breeding populations. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the topography of the Andean mountains can act to shape the winter distribution of populations of a migratory bird. The strength of migratory connectivity found in Canada Warblers may inhibit evolutionary responses to environmental change, and the more rapid population declines recorded in some eastern breeding populations may be related to habitat loss and local environmental conditions in the Eastern Andes, where individuals from these populations were more likely to overwinter.
Tập 23 Số 2 - Trang 118-129 - 2017
Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change Abstract Aim The conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for uncovering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phylogenetically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua ) distributed across Antarctica and sub‐Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological conditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes. Location Antarctica and sub‐Antarctic area. Methods We identify divergent lineages for gentoo penguins using ddRAD‐seq and mtDNA, and generated species distribution models (SDMs) based on terrestrial and marine parameters. Results Analyses of our genomic data supports the existence of four major lineages of gentoo penguin: (i) spanning the sub‐Antarctic archipelagos north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF); (ii) Kerguelen Island; (iii) South America; and (iv) across maritime Antarctic and the Scotia Arc archipelagos. The APF, a major current system around Antarctica, acts as the most important barrier separating regional sister lineages. Our ecological analyses spanning both the terrestrial (breeding sites) and marine (feeding sites) realms recover limited niche overlap among the major lineages of gentoo penguin. We observe this pattern to correspond more closely with regional differentiation of marine conditions than to terrestrial macroenvironmental features. Main conclusions Recognition of regional genetic lineages as discrete evolutionary entities that occupy distinct ecological niches and also differ morphologically should be considered a priority for conservation. Gentoo penguins provide a good example of how conservation policy can be directly impacted by new insights obtained through the integration of larger genomic datasets with novel approaches to ecological modelling. This is particularly pertinent to polar environments that are among the most rapidly changing environments on earth.
Tập 26 Số 8 - Trang 958-975 - 2020
A rapid technique for assessing the suitability of areas for invasive species applied to New Zealand's rivers ABSTRACT Early responses to incursions of non‐indigenous species (NIS) into new areas include modelling and surveillance to define the organisms’ potential and actual distributions. For well‐studied invasive species, predictive models can be developed based on quantitative data describing environmental tolerances. In late 2004, an invasive freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata , an NIS for which we had no such quantitative data, was detected in a New Zealand river. We describe a procedure used to rapidly develop a classification of suitability for all New Zealand's rivers, based on two sources of information. First, from a review of the limited available literature and unpublished data, we determined that temperature, hydrological and substrate stability, light availability, and water pH were the most important environmental gradients determining D. geminata 's broad‐scale distribution and capacity for establishing and forming blooms in rivers. The second information source was a GIS‐based river network developed for a national classification of New Zealand's rivers, with associated data describing environmental characteristics of each section of the network. We used six variables that were available for every section of the network as surrogates for the environmental gradients that determine suitability. We then determined the environmental distance of all the river sections in the network from our assessment of the optimal conditions conducive to D. geminata blooms. The analysis suggested that > 70% of New Zealand's river sections (stream order > 3) fell into the two highest suitability categories (on a five‐point scale). At the time of writing, D. geminata had spread to 12 catchments, all of which were within these two categories. The technique is applicable in initial responses to incursions of NIS where quantitative information is limited, and makes optimal use of available qualitative information. Our assessment contributed to evaluations of the potential ecological, social, and economic impacts of D. geminata and is currently being used to stratify site selection for ongoing surveillance.
Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 262-272 - 2008
Ecophysiological traits associated with the competitive ability of invasive Australian acacias Abstract Aim We explored morphological and ecophysiological traits that enable invasive Australian acacias to compete with native species for resources (light, water and nutrients) necessary to support the substantial growth associated with successful invasions.Location Global.Results Invasive Australian acacias grow large and seed prolifically in invaded regions. The greater capacity for vegetative growth is underpinned by their ability to acquire and efficiently use resources in non‐native habitats. Key biological traits that enhance acquisition include (1) rapid and substantial allocation to root mass (up to 6‐fold more than co‐occurring native species) directed towards deep roots (at least 50% longer than those of natives) and to extensive shallow root networks; (2) heteroblasty, in most species, conferring high relative growth rates as bipinnate seedlings but long‐lived, nutrient‐conserving phyllodes as adults and (3) strong N2 ‐fixation abilities.Main conclusions The ecophysiological traits that govern the competitive interaction of invasive Australian acacias with native species are an important component of the recognized suite of factors including introduction history, human use and enemy release that combine to produce successful invasions. Traits interact to give Australian acacias competitive advantage over many native species. One such interaction is that of N2 fixation, which when coupled with slow decomposition of sclerophyllous phyllodes results in alteration of soil nutrient cycling. The lasting legacy of soil N‐enrichment hinders the competitive ability of native species and further enhances invasions. The importance of edaphic factors and competitive interactions in determining invasive success should be considered in predictive modelling of species distributions.
Tập 17 Số 5 - Trang 898-910 - 2011
Impacts of invasive Australian acacias: implications for management and restoration Abstract Aim The biophysical impacts of invasive Australian acacias and their effects on ecosystem services are explored and used to develop a framework for improved restoration practices.Location South Africa, Portugal and Chile.Methods A conceptual model of ecosystem responses to the increasing severity (density and duration) of invasions was developed from the literature and our knowledge of how these impacts affect options for restoration. Case studies are used to identify similarities and differences between three regions severely affected by invasions of Australian acacias: Acacia dealbata in Chile, Acacia longifolia in Portugal and Acacia saligna in South Africa.Results Australian acacias have a wide range of impacts on ecosystems that increase with time and disturbance, transform ecosystems and alter and reduce ecosystem service delivery. A shared trait is the accumulation of massive seed banks, which enables them to become dominant after disturbances. Ecosystem trajectories and recovery potential suggest that there are important thresholds in ecosystem state and resilience. When these are crossed, options for restoration are radically altered; in many cases, autogenic (self‐driven and self‐sustaining) recovery to a pre‐invasion condition is inhibited, necessitating active intervention to restore composition and function.Main conclusions The conceptual model demonstrates the degree, nature and reversibility of ecosystem degradation and identifies key actions needed to restore ecosystems to desired states. Control and restoration operations, particularly active restoration, require substantial short‐ to medium‐term investments, which can reduce losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the costs to society in the long term. Increasing restoration effectiveness will require further research into linkages between impacts and restoration. This research should involve scientists, practitioners and managers engaged in invasive plant control and restoration programmes, together with society as both the investors in, and beneficiaries of, more effective restoration.
Tập 17 Số 5 - Trang 1015-1029 - 2011
Impacts of climate, disturbance and topography on distribution of herbaceous cover in Southern California chaparral: Insights from a remote‐sensing method Abstract Aim While chaparral communities have historically been considered resistant to invasion and type conversion into grasslands, interacting global changes such as increased drought and anthropogenic disturbance may have reduced this resistance. Existing monitoring methods are not well‐suited to evaluate the distribution of invasive herbs and grasses within chaparral at regional scales. In this study, we determine the extent of invasions by forbs and grasses into formerly chaparral vegetation and evaluate contributions of moisture, disturbance and anthropogenic activity and topography to the distribution of herbaceous cover throughout chaparral‐dominated communities. Location The Angeles National Forest (ANF ), California, USA . Methods We developed a remote‐sensing method to estimate the distribution of herbaceous cover within chaparral by leveraging intra‐annual phenological differences in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI ) between herbaceous forbs and grasses and evergreen shrublands using Landsat remote‐sensing imagery. The distribution of herbaceous cover was then related to multiple spatially explicit variables describing individual and interactive effects of local moisture availability and anthropogenic disturbance. Results Herbaceous cover represents approximately 31% of the ANF within the elevation range typically dominated by chaparral. Disturbance‐related and anthropogenic factors explained 17% of observed variation, while differences in moisture availability explained 47% of observed variation in herbaceous cover and were associated with increased invasive cover. Main conclusions Landscapes historically dominated by chaparral may exhibit high degrees of herbaceous cover. While fire frequency and other anthropogenic disturbances are likely the primary catalyst for invasion of chaparral by herbaceous species, this study shows that moisture availability is a more important factor in determining which locations are successfully invaded. These results indicate that chaparral vulnerability to invasion in southern California may increase in the next century due to reduced precipitation associated with projected climate change.
Tập 24 Số 4 - Trang 497-508 - 2018
Evaluation of consensus methods in predictive species distribution modelling ABSTRACT Aim Spatial modelling techniques are increasingly used in species distribution modelling. However, the implemented techniques differ in their modelling performance, and some consensus methods are needed to reduce the uncertainty of predictions. In this study, we tested the predictive accuracies of five consensus methods, namely Weighted Average (WA), Mean(All), Median(All), Median(PCA), and Best, for 28 threatened plant species.Location North‐eastern Finland, Europe.Methods The spatial distributions of the plant species were forecasted using eight state‐of‐the‐art single‐modelling techniques providing an ensemble of predictions. The probability values of occurrence were then combined using five consensus algorithms. The predictive accuracies of the single‐model and consensus methods were assessed by computing the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver‐operating characteristic plot.Results The mean AUC values varied between 0.697 (classification tree analysis) and 0.813 (random forest) for the single‐models, and from 0.757 to 0.850 for the consensus methods. WA and Mean(All) consensus methods provided significantly more robust predictions than all the single‐models and the other consensus methods.Main conclusions Consensus methods based on average function algorithms may increase significantly the accuracy of species distribution forecasts, and thus they show considerable promise for different conservation biological and biogeographical applications.
Tập 15 Số 1 - Trang 59-69 - 2009
Space invaders; biological invasions in marine conservation planning Abstract Aim Biological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for the first time the extent to which marine conservation planning research has addressed (or ignored) biological invasions. Furthermore, we explore the change of spatial priorities in conservation plans when different approaches are used to incorporate the presence and impacts of invasive species. Location Global analysis with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea region. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review consisting of three steps: (1) article selection using a search engine, (2) abstract screening and (3) review of pertinent articles, which were identified in the second step. The information extracted included the scale and geographical location of each case study as well as the approach followed regarding invasive species. We also applied the softwareMarxan to produce and compare conservation plans for the Mediterranean Sea that either protect, or avoid areas impacted by invasives, or ignore the issue. One case study focused on the protection of critical habitats, and the other on endemic fish species. Results We found that of 119 papers on marine spatial plans in specific biogeographic regions, only three (2.5%) explicitly took into account invasive species. When comparing the different conservation plans for each case study, we found that the majority of selected sites for protection (ca. 80%) changed in the critical habitat case study, while this proportion was lower but substantial (27%) in the endemic fish species case study. Main conclusions Biological invasions are being widely disregarded when planning for conservation in the marine environment across local to global scales. More explicit consideration of biological invasions can significantly alter spatial conservation priorities. Future conservation plans should explicitly account for biological invasions to optimize the selection of marine protected areas.
Tập 22 Số 12 - Trang 1220-1231 - 2016
A trait‐based approach for assessing and mapping niche overlap between native and exotic species: the<scp>M</scp>editerranean coastal fish fauna as a case study Abstract Aim We propose a trait‐based approach for assessing and mapping potential niche overlap between native and exotic species at large spatial scales. Location The Mediterranean Sea. Methods We developed two complementary indices based on ecological, biological and ecomorphological similarities between native and exotic species. The first index (FNN r ) allows identifying areas where native species are the most at risk in terms of potential ecological interactions with exotic species. The second index (FGO ) is species‐specific and allows identifying native species that display the broadest functional niche overlap and range overlap with exotic species. We illustrated our approach using the Mediterranean coastal fish fauna as a case study. Results We found that endemic and exotic fishes had a similar global functional niche at the Mediterranean scale, that is, they filled the same functional space defined by trait axes. FNNr hotspots were found to be moderately congruent with exotic species richness hotspots. Higher values of FNNr were observed along the coasts of the Levantine Sea. The computation of the FGO index showed that the geographical range of a given endemic species overlapped in average with 52 exotic species. Species showing the highest FGO values displayed localized and/or fragmented distributions in the eastern Mediterranean basin. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that the number of exotic species alone cannot be used as a broad‐scale indicator of potential impact because this metric does not account for functional relatedness between native and exotic species. The trait‐based indices developed in this study can be used for other taxa in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and should help environmental managers to set up local‐scale studies on areas where the potential impact of exotic species on native biodiversity is the highest.
Tập 20 Số 11 - Trang 1333-1344 - 2014