AbstractIt has been hypothesized that reward‐seeking and impulsivity develop along different timetables and have different neural underpinnings, and that the difference in their timetables helps account for heightened risk‐taking during adolescence. In order to test these propositions, age differences in reward‐seeking and impulsivity were examined in a socioeconom...... hiện toàn bộ
Christine Heim, Margaret A. Shugart, W. Edward Craighead, Charles B. Nemeroff
AbstractThe effects of early‐life trauma and its consequences for the treatment of depression are reviewed. The prevalence and clinical sequelae of early sexual and physical abuse, neglect and parental loss are described. An overview of preclinical studies that help guide clinical research and practice is presented. Human clinical studies on the neurobiological con...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractThe behavioral and polygraphic characteristics of wakefulness and sleep were studied in 20 infant rats, 26 kittens, and 25 infant guinea pigs during their first month of postnatal life. In the infant guinea pig, the electrocorticographic (ECoG) patterns of sleep were similar to those of the adult, except for the absence of spindles during the first 3 weeks....... hiện toàn bộ
B.J. Casey, Rebecca M. Jones, Liat Levita, Victoria Libby, Siobhan S. Pattwell, Erika J. Ruberry, F. S. G. SOLIMAN, Leah H. Somerville
AbstractThe characterization of adolescence as a time of “storm and stress” remains an open debate. Intense and frequent negative affect during this period has been hypothesized to explain the increased rates of affective disorders, suicide, and accidental death during this time of life. Yet some teens emerge from adolescence with minimal turmoil. We provide a neur...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractPsychophysical studies of children deprived of early visual experience by dense cataracts indicate that there are multiple sensitive periods during which experience can influence visual development. We note three sensitive periods within acuity, each with different developmental time courses: the period of visually‐driven normal development, the sensitive p...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractIn this article, we provide a critical review of the literature on speech perception and phonological processing in infancy, and in populations with different experiential histories as a window to understanding how the notion of critical periods might apply to the acquisition of one part of language: the sound system. We begin by suggesting the use of the t...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractAll organisms inherit parents' genes, but many also inherit parents, peers, and the places they inhabit as well. We suggest the term ontogenetic niche to signify the ecological and social legacies that accompany genes. A formal name is needed to give the idea of the inherited environment equal status with its conceptual cognates; ...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractThe development of coordination of leg movements of human infants is discussed from the perspective of dynamic motor theory. Even in the newborn period, leg movements have topographical and temporal organization, but it is global and inflexible. During the first year, limb segments become both disassociated from these global synergies and reintegrated into ...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractSeparation of neonatal rat pups from the dam have been reported to elicit two endocrine responses in the pup: a fall in growth hormone secretion and a rise in corticosterone secretion. However, the temporal, ontogenetic, and behavioral determinants of these responses have not been compared. In the present study, we report that these two responses can be dif...... hiện toàn bộ
Robert V. Harrison, Karen A. Gordon, Richard J. Mount
AbstractA range of basic and applied studies have demonstrated that during the development of the auditory system, early experimental manipulations or clinical interventions are generally more effective than those made later. We present a short review of these studies. We investigated this age‐related plasticity in relation to the timing of cochlear implantation in...... hiện toàn bộ