Contemporary Accounting Research
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Does Mandatory IFRS Adoption Improve the Information Environment?* More than 120 countries require or permit the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by publicly listed companies on the basis of higher information quality and accounting comparability from IFRS application. However, the empirical evidence about these presumed benefits is often conflicting and fails to distinguish between information quality and comparability. In this paper we examine the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on firms’ information environment. We find that after mandatory IFRS adoption consensus forecast errors decrease for firms that mandatorily adopt IFRS relative to forecast errors of other firms. We also find decreasing forecast errors for voluntary adopters, but this effect is smaller and not robust. Moreover, we show that the magnitude of the forecast error decrease is associated with the firm‐specific differences between local GAAP and IFRS. This finding suggests that it is IFRS adoption rather than a correlated unobservable factor that is causing forecast errors to decrease. Exploiting individual analyst level data and isolating settings where analysts would benefit more from either increased comparability or higher quality information, we document that the improvement in the information environment is driven both by information and comparability effects. These results suggest that mandatory IFRS adoption has improved the quality of information intermediation in capital markets, and as a result firms’ information environment, by increasing both information quality and accounting comparability.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 388-423 - 2013
Mandatory <scp>IFRS</scp> Adoption and Financial Statement Comparability This study examines whether mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS ) leads to capital market benefits through enhanced financial statement comparability. U.K. domestic standards are considered very similar to IFRS , suggesting any capital market benefits observed for U.K.‐domiciled firms are more likely attributable to improvements in comparability (i.e., better precision of across ‐firm information) than to changes in information quality specific to the firm (i.e., core information quality). If IFRS adoption improves financial statement comparability, we predict this should reduce insiders' ability to benefit from private information. Consistent with these expectations, we find that abnormal returns to insider purchases ― used to proxy for private information ― are reduced following IFRS adoption. Similar results obtain across numerous subsamples and proxies used to isolate IFRS effects attributable to comparability. Together, the findings are consistent with mandatory IFRS adoption improving comparability and thus leading to capital market benefits by reducing insiders' ability to exploit private information.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 30 Số 4 - Trang 1373-1400 - 2013
The Relation Between Earnings Management Using Real Activities Manipulation and Future Performance: Evidence from Meeting Earnings Benchmarks*
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 27 Số 3 - Trang 855-888 - 2010
Predicting Material Accounting Misstatements*
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 17-82 - 2011
Earnings Manipulation in Failing Firms Abstract Prior literature and anecdotal evidence, most recently provided by allegations relative to Enron, Global Crossing, and WorldCom, suggest that failing firms (defined here as prebankruptcy firms) may be motivated to engage in fraudulent financial reporting to conceal their distress. I examine two research questions: (1) Are failing firms' prebankruptcy financial statements more likely to exhibit signs of material income increasing earnings manipulation than those of nonfailing firms? (2) Do auditors detect the overstatements in firms that they perceive to be failing? I predict and find that as (ex post) bankrupt firms that do not (ex ante) appear to be distressed approach bankruptcy, their financial statements reflect significantly greater material income‐increasing accrual magnitudes in nongoing‐concern years than do control firms. The accrual behavior of these firms resembles that of bankrupt firms that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has sanctioned for fraud. Like sanctioned firms, the nonstressed bankrupt firms display significantly greater (material) increases in receivables; inventory; property, plant, and equipment; sales; net working capital, current, and discretionary accruals in prebankruptcy nongoing‐concern years than do control firms. They also display significantly more negative changes in cash flows from operations and net cash and a greater disparity between accrual‐based net income and operating cash flows than do control firms, consistent with Lee, Ingram, and Howard 1999. Finally, I predict and find that these firms' going‐concern years reflect evidence consistent with auditor‐prompted reversal of previous overstatements. These results are based on parametric and nonparametric tests for various subsample combinations drawn from a sample of 293 bankrupt firms representing approximately 2,500 observations.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 20 Số 2 - Trang 361-408 - 2003
Accounting for Flexibility and Efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in a Restaurant Chain* Abstract While some field studies have suggested that management control systems can be used simultaneously to make organizations more efficient and more flexible, the contingency literature has found it difficult to address this issue in the absence of a clear and comprehensive typology for analyzing more processual uses of management control systems. This paper distinguishes between enabling and coercive (Adler and Borys 1996) uses of management control systems. Coercive use refers to the stereotypical top‐down control approach that emphasizes centralization and preplanning. In contrast, enabling use seeks to put employees in a position to deal directly with the inevitable contingencies in their work. The design principles that underlie the enabling use of management control systems are repair, internal transparency, global transparency, and flexibility. Through a detailed analysis of a single‐case field study carried out over a two‐year period, we illustrate how management pursued the objectives of efficiency and flexibility by using management control systems in enabling ways. We suggest that the four design principles of enabling use can facilitate field studies of management control systems, but that they can also be used to define an enabling typology for contingency researchers to analyze the ways in which organizations simultaneously pursue efficiency and flexibility through their management control systems.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 21 Số 2 - Trang 271-301 - 2004
Enterprise Risk Management Program Quality: Determinants, Value Relevance, and the Financial Crisis This paper investigates factors associated with high‐quality Enterprise Risk Management (ERM ) programs in financial services firms, and whether ERM quality enhances performance and signals credibility to the financial markets. ERM , developed with the assistance of the accounting profession, provides a framework and plan to integrate management of all sources of risk. Challenged by measurement difficulties common to research on management control systems, prior ERM studies present mixed findings. Using ERM quality ratings of financial companies by Standard & Poor's, we find that higher ERM quality is associated with greater complexity, less resource constraint, and better corporate governance. Controlling for such characteristics, we find that higher ERM quality is associated with improved accounting performance. Results show a market reaction to signals of enhanced management control from initial ERM quality ratings and rating revisions, and a stronger response to earnings surprises for firms with higher ERM quality. Focusing on the recent global financial crisis, our analysis suggests that there is no relation between ERM quality and market performance prior to and during the market collapse. However, returns of higher ERM quality companies are higher during the market rebound. Overall, results reveal that firm performance and value are enhanced by high‐quality controls that integrate risk management efforts across the firm, enabling better oversight of managers' risk‐taking behavior and aligning that behavior with the strategic direction of the company.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 30 Số 4 - Trang 1264-1295 - 2013
A Field Study of Control System “Redesign”: The Impact of Institutional Processes on Strategic Choice* Abstract. This paper studies the role of an organization's accounting control system (ACS) as part of an interrelated control “package,” in which other control systems function either as substitutes or complements. Drawing on resource dependence and institutional theories, it argues that this control mix is not only contingent on the organization's technical environment but also on its institutional environment. In addition, the paper draws on empirical evidence to demonstrate how the design of the “package” is actively shaped by the strategic choices of its dominant coalition. The empirics are based on a longitudinal field study of one large, public teaching hospital in Australia that underwent material changes in its governance structure, culture, and accounting control system.Résumé. Les auteurs étudient le rôle du système de contôle comptable d'une organisation, à titre d'élément d'une « famille » de systèmes de contrôle reliés entre eux à l'intérieur de Iaquelle les autres systèmes de contrôle jouent le rôle de substituts ou de compléments. S'inspirant de la théorie de la dépendance des ressources et de la théorie institutionnelle, ils affirment que cette combinaison de systèmes n'est pas seulement tributaire de l'environnement technique de l'organisation, mais de son environnement institutionnel. Ils se fondent, en outre, sur des constatations empiriques pour démontrer comment la structure de la « famille » de systèmes est activement façonnée par les choix stratégiques du groupe dominant. Les données empiriques proviennent d'une étude longitudinale sur le terrain, menée auprès d'un important hôpital public universitaire australien dont la structure de régie, la culture et le système de contrôle comptable ont connu des transformations majeures.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 13 Số 2 - Trang 569-606 - 1996
Beyond the Numbers: Measuring the Information Content of Earnings Press Release Language*
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 29 Số 3 - Trang 845-868 - 2012
A Synthesis of security valuation theory and the role of dividends, cash flows, and earnings* Abstract. The paper reviews and synthesizes modern finance valuation theory and the ways it relates to the valuation of firms and accounting data. These models permit uncertainty and multiple dates, and the concept of intertemporal consistency in equilibria becomes critical. The key conclusions are (1) the basic theoretical insight derives from a powerful condition of no arbitrage; there is no role for complete markets in basic valuation theory; (2) only anticipated dividends can serve as a generically valid capitalization (present value) attribute of a security; (3) the notion of risk is general, and models such as the CAPM occur only as special cases; (4) the notion that one can capitalize cash flows rather than dividends requires additional (relatively stringent) assumptions; (5) existing theory of “pure” earnings under uncertainty lacks unity regarding their meaning and characteristics. It is argued that only one concept of “pure” earnings makes economic sense. In this case earnings are sufficient to determine a security's pay‐off, price plus dividends, consistent with some prior research but inconsistent with others.Résumé. L'auteur procède à l'examen et à la synthèse de la théorie moderne de l'évaluation financière et de la façon dont elle se rapporte à l'évaluation des entreprises et des données comptables. Les modèles utilisés prévoient les cas d'incertitude et de dates multiples, et la notion d'uniformité intertemporelle en situation d'équilibre revêt une importance critique. Les principales conclusions de l'auteur sont les suivantes: 1) le principe théorique fondamental dérive d'une forte situation de non‐arbitrage; 2) seuls les dividendes anticipés peuvent servir d'attribut de capitalisation (valeur actualisée) valide d'un titre sur le plan générique; 3) la notion de risque est générale, et les modèles tels que le modèle d'équilibre des marchés financiers ne se vérifient que dans des cas particuliers; 4) la notion de capitalisation des flux monétaires plutôt que des dividendes nécessite des hypothèses supplémentaires (relativement rigoureuses); 5) la théorie existante des bénéfices « purs » en situation d'incertitude manque d'unité en ce qui a trait au sens et aux caractéristiques de ces bénéfices. L'auteur affirme que la revue qu'il a effectvée de travaux antérieurs l'amène à conclure qu'un seul concept de bénéfices « purs » se justifie sur le plan économique pour déterminer le produit d'un titre qui comprenne à la fois le prix et les dividendes.
Contemporary Accounting Research - Tập 6 Số 2 - Trang 648-676 - 1990
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