British Journal of Psychiatry
0007-1250
1472-1465
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS , Royal College of Psychiatrists
Lĩnh vực:
Medicine (miscellaneous)Psychiatry and Mental Health
Phân tích ảnh hưởng
Thông tin về tạp chí
The British Journal of Psychiatry (BJPsych) is a leading international peer-reviewed journal, covering all branches of psychiatry with a particular emphasis on the clinical aspects of each topic. Published monthly on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the journal is committed to improving the prevention, investigation, diagnosis, treatment, and care of mental illness, as well as the promotion of mental health globally. In addition to authoritative original research papers from around the world, the journal publishes editorials, review articles, commentaries on contentious articles, short reports, a comprehensive book review section and a lively, well-informed correspondence column. BJPsych is essential reading for psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and all professionals with an interest in mental health.
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Panic Symptoms after Inhalation of Carbondioxide Summary The effects of inhaling a mixture of 35 per cent carbon dioxide and 65 per cent oxygen on the occurrence of panic symptoms defined by the DSM III, was investigated. Compared to a placebo (air), carbon dioxide produced more panic symptoms. If carbon dioxide inhalation was preceded by intake of a beta-blocker (60 mg propranolol), less symptoms occurred than if preceded by a placebo. The results are compared with earlier reports on the effects of lactate infusion. It is argued that panic disorders can be conceptualized as a fear of internal (panic) sensations and that inhalation of a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen may constitute an effective exposure treatment.
Tập 144 Số 5 - Trang 503-507 - 1984
Plasma Cortisol and Depression in Pathological Gamblers Basal serum cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results were studied in 21 pathological gamblers who varied on the Beck Depression Inventory and selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which had previously been shown to be related to depression in gamblers. All subjects were suppressors on the DST. There was a significant relationship between fluctuation in 08.00 h and 16.00 h basal cortisol levels and the psychological measures, suggesting a subtype of pathological gambler with potential clinical significance.
Tập 153 Số 5 - Trang 684-686 - 1988
We should replace conventional mental health law with capacity-based law Summary As general medicine moves away from ‘paternalism’ and places an increasing
emphasis on patient choice and autonomy, George Szmukler and Brendan D.
Kelly debate whether conventional mental health legislation should be
replaced with a model that focuses on the person's decision-making
capabilities.
Tập 209 Số 6 - Trang 449-453 - 2016
Paternalism<i>v</i>. autonomy – are we barking up the wrong tree? Summary We explore whether we can reduce paternalism by increasing patient autonomy. We argue that autonomy should not have any automatic priority over other ethical values. Thus, balancing autonomyv. other ethical pillars and finding the optimal balance between the patient's wishes and those of other relevant stakeholders such as the patient's family has to be dynamic over time.
Tập 209 Số 2 - Trang 95-96 - 2016
Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being Background Large-scale community studies of the prevalence of mental disorders using standardised assessment tools are rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Aims To conduct such a study. Method Multistage stratified clustered sampling of households in the Yoruba-speaking parts of Nigeria. Face-to-face interviews used the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Results Of the 4984 people interviewed (response rate 79.9%), 12.1% had a lifetime rate of at least one DSM–IV disorder and 5.8% had 12-month disorders. Anxiety disorders were the most common (5.7% lifetime, 4.1% 12-month rates) but virtually no generalised anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder were identified. Of the 23% who had seriously disabling disorders, only about 8% had received treatment in the preceding 12 months. Treatment was mostly provided by general medical practitioners; only a few were treated by alternative practitioners such as traditional healers. Conclusions The observed low rates seem to reflect demographic and ascertainment factors. There was a large burden of unmet need for care among people with serious disorders.
Tập 188 Số 5 - Trang 465-471 - 2006
Fusion of mental health and incapacity legislation Summary The enactment of a single legislative scheme governing nonconsensual treatment of both ‘physical’ and ‘mental’ illnesses, based on incapacity principles, has been mooted in recent law reform debates in the UK. We propose a framework for such legislation and consider in more detail the provisions it should contain. The design of legislation that combines the strengths of both incapacity and civil commitment schemes can be readily imagined, based on the criteria for intervention in England and Wales found in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Such legislation would reduce unjustified legal discrimination against mentally disordered persons and apply consistent ethical principles across medical law.
Tập 188 Số 6 - Trang 504-509 - 2006
Effects of treating postnatal depression on mother-infant interaction and child development Background Postnatal depression has detrimental effects on the child's cognitive and emotional development. Aims To assess the benefits of treating postnatal depression for mother–infant interaction and child development. Method A systematic search was made of 12 electronic bibliographic databases for randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials on treatment of mothers with postnatal depression, where outcomes were assessed in children; findings were assessed. Results Only eighttrials met the inclusion criteria. Of those included, interventions varied widely but all involved therapies directed at the mother–infant relationship. One study with intensive and prolonged therapy showed cognitive improvement, whereas two others with briefer interventions improved maternal–infant relationships but did not affect the child's cognitive or behavioural development. All five studies assessing only mother–infant relationships showed improvements. Conclusions Cognitive development in children of depressed mothers, along with better mother–infant relationships, might be improved with sustained interventions. Trials assessing treatments for postnatal depression would benefit from looking more closely at benefits for children as well as mothers, using validated objective measures.
Tập 191 Số 5 - Trang 378-386 - 2007
How Depressives View the Significance of Life Events The role of a broad range of life events, especially those viewed as stressful, in the genesis of somatic illnesses or psychiatric disturbances is a subject of considerable interest. Recently attempts have been made to develop quantitative measures of life events and to explore the relationship between the ‘amount’ of life events and/or stress and illness in a general population (Rahe et al., 1968; Rahe et al., 1970): for example, The Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire (SRRQ) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967). In the development of this scale a list of 43 life events was presented to a sample of 394 subjects. Marriage was arbitrarily assigned a value of 500, and the subjects were asked to compare the amount of relative readjustment they would anticipate from the other events. Means and item rankings (Masuda and Holmes, 1967) have been reported to be relatively consistent in groups of different age, sex, marital status, education, social class, generation American, religion, race and cultural background (Holmes and Rahe, 1967). These findings have been found reliable with patients on our unit and in a group of medical students (Mendels and Weinstein, 1972). Paykel et al . (1971) performed a study of weightings of a list of life events and obtained weights which were highly significantly correlated for the 14 items that were identical to those found on the SRRQ. They tested a mixed group of psychiatric patients and found that in general those events defined as ‘exits’ were scaled high, whereas events defined as ‘entrances’ had lower values.
Tập 125 Số 587 - Trang 406-410 - 1974
Reducing emotional distress in people caring for patients receiving specialist palliative care Background Caring for relatives with advanced cancer may cause psychological and
physical ill health. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of increased support for distressed,
informal carers of patients receiving palliative care. Method The sample was composed of 271 informal carers who scored over 5 on the
28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The intervention comprised
six weekly visits by a trained advisor. Primary outcome was carer
distress (GHQ-28) at 4-week, 9-week and 12-week follow-up. Secondary
outcomes were carer strain and quality of life, satisfaction with care,
and bereavement outcome. Results Scores on the GHQ-28 fell below the threshold of 5/6 in a third of
participants in each trial arm at any follow-up point. Mean scores in the
intervention group were lower at all time points but these differences
were not significant. No difference was observed in secondary outcomes.
Carers receiving the intervention reported qualitative benefit. Conclusions The intervention might have been too brief, and ongoing help might have
had accruing benefits. Alternatively, informal carers of patients with
cancer may already receive considerable input and the advisor's help gave
little additional advantage; or caring for a dying relative is extremely
stressful and no amount of support is going to make it much better.
Tập 190 Số 2 - Trang 142-147 - 2007
Prevalence of Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Associated Social Factors in Mothers in Dunedin Summary A large sample of women (n = 899) from Dunedin, New Zealand, completed a self-report questionnaire on depressive symptoms. On this basis, about 8 per cent of the sample were identified as having major depressive disorder. These women tended to have a history of previously reported psychological symptoms and formal treatment for depression. A significantly high proportion of the depressed group had been young at first pregnancy and had since been separated from their partners. The depressed women also reported more behaviour problems in their children, but these reports were not confirmed by teachers' reports or by the children's self-reports, suggesting a response bias in depressed women towards reporting problems.
Tập 143 Số 5 - Trang 473-479 - 1983