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Zebrafish Larvae as a Behavioral Model in NeuropharmacologyZebrafish larvae show a clear and distinct pattern of swimming in response to light and dark conditions, following the development of a swim bladder at 4 days post fertilization. This swimming behavior is increasingly employed in the screening of neuroactive drugs. The recent emergence of high-throughput techniques for the automatic tracking of zebrafish larvae has further allowed an objec... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 23
Reasons for Failed Trials of Disease-Modifying Treatments for Alzheimer Disease and Their Contribution in Recent ResearchDespite all scientific efforts and many protracted and expensive clinical trials, no new drug has been approved by FDA for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since 2003. Indeed, more than 200 investigational programs have failed or have been abandoned in the last decade. The most probable explanations for failures of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD may include late initiation o... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 7 Số 4 - Trang 97
The Structure, Activation and Signaling of IRE1 and Its Role in Determining Cell FateInositol-requiring enzyme type 1 (IRE1) is a serine/threonine kinase acting as one of three branches of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway, which is activated upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. It is known to be capable of inducing both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic cellular responses, which are strictly related to numerous human pathologies. Among other... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 156
Application of CAR-T Cell Therapy beyond Oncology: Autoimmune Diseases and Viral InfectionsAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) has long been at the forefront of the battle with cancer that began last century with the therapeutic application of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against melanoma. The development of novel ACT approaches led researchers and clinicians to highly efficient technologies based on genetically engineered T lymphocytes, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T ... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 59
Roles of NF-κB Signaling in the Regulation of miRNAs Impacting on Inflammation in CancerThe NF-κB family of transcription factors regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins and microRNAs (miRNA, miR) precursors that may either positively or negatively regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell cycle progression, cell survival, and cell differentiation. The NF-κB-miRNA transcriptional regulatory network has been implicated in the regulation of proinflammat... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 6 Số 2 - Trang 40
Inflammatory Mediators and Pain in Endometriosis: A Systematic ReviewBackground: pain is one of the main symptoms of endometriosis and it has a deleterious effect on a patients’ personal and social life. To date, the clinical management of pain includes prolonged medication use and, in some cases, surgery, both of which are disruptive events for patients. Hence, there is an urgency for the development of a sufficient non-invasive medical treatment. Inflamma... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 54
Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor CellsGarcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is the medicinal component obtained from fruits and leaves of Garcinia indica (G. indica) and has traditionally been extensively used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it has been also been experimentally illustrated to elicit anti-cancer properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have illustrated the potent... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 103
Gene Therapy Used in Cancer TreatmentCancer has been, from the beginning, a target of intense research for gene therapy approaches. Currently, more than 60% of all on-going clinical gene therapy trials worldwide are targeting cancer. Indeed, there is a clear unmet medical need for novel therapies. This is further urged by the fact that current conventional cancer therapies are frequently troubled by their toxicities. Differen... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 2 Số 2 - Trang 149-162
The Thioredoxin System of Mammalian Cells and Its ModulatorsOxidative stress involves the increased production and accumulation of free radicals, peroxides, and other metabolites that are collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as by-products of aerobic respiration. ROS play a significant role in cell homeostasis through redox signaling and are capable of eliciting damage to macromolecules. Multiple antioxidant defense... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 10 Số 7 - Trang 1757
IDH Mutations in Glioma: Double-Edged Sword in Clinical Applications?Discovery of point mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) in gliomas about a decade ago has challenged our view of the role of metabolism in tumor progression and provided a new stratification strategy for malignant gliomas. IDH enzymes catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Specific mutations ... ... hiện toàn bộ
Tập 9 Số 7 - Trang 799