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Zebrafish Larvae as a Behavioral Model in Neuropharmacology
Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 23
Zebrafish larvae show a clear and distinct pattern of swimming in response to
light and dark conditions, following the development of a swim bladder at 4 days
post fertilization. This swimming behavior is increasingly employed in the
screening of neuroactive drugs. The recent emergence of high-throughput
techniques for the automatic tracking of zebrafish larvae has further allowed an
objective and...
Reasons for Failed Trials of Disease-Modifying Treatments for Alzheimer Disease and Their Contribution in Recent Research
Tập 7 Số 4 - Trang 97
Despite all scientific efforts and many protracted and expensive clinical
trials, no new drug has been approved by FDA for treatment of Alzheimer disease
(AD) since 2003. Indeed, more than 200 investigational programs have failed or
have been abandoned in the last decade. The most probable explanations for
failures of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD may include late
initiation of treatm...
The Structure, Activation and Signaling of IRE1 and Its Role in Determining Cell Fate
Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 156
Inositol-requiring enzyme type 1 (IRE1) is a serine/threonine kinase acting as
one of three branches of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway,
which is activated upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. It is
known to be capable of inducing both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic cellular
responses, which are strictly related to numerous human pathologies. Among
others, IRE1 ...
Application of CAR-T Cell Therapy beyond Oncology: Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections
Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 59
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has long been at the forefront of the battle with
cancer that began last century with the therapeutic application of
tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against melanoma. The development of novel
ACT approaches led researchers and clinicians to highly efficient technologies
based on genetically engineered T lymphocytes, with chimeric antigen receptor
(CAR)-T cells as...
Roles of NF-κB Signaling in the Regulation of miRNAs Impacting on Inflammation in Cancer
Tập 6 Số 2 - Trang 40
The NF-κB family of transcription factors regulate the expression of genes
encoding proteins and microRNAs (miRNA, miR) precursors that may either
positively or negatively regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell
cycle progression, cell survival, and cell differentiation. The NF-κB-miRNA
transcriptional regulatory network has been implicated in the regulation of
proinflammatory, imm...
Inflammatory Mediators and Pain in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review
Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 54
Background: pain is one of the main symptoms of endometriosis and it has a
deleterious effect on a patients’ personal and social life. To date, the
clinical management of pain includes prolonged medication use and, in some
cases, surgery, both of which are disruptive events for patients. Hence, there
is an urgency for the development of a sufficient non-invasive medical
treatment. Inflammation is ...
Gene Therapy Used in Cancer Treatment
Tập 2 Số 2 - Trang 149-162
Cancer has been, from the beginning, a target of intense research for gene
therapy approaches. Currently, more than 60% of all on-going clinical gene
therapy trials worldwide are targeting cancer. Indeed, there is a clear unmet
medical need for novel therapies. This is further urged by the fact that current
conventional cancer therapies are frequently troubled by their toxicities.
Different gene t...
Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells
Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 103
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is the medicinal component obtained
from fruits and leaves of Garcinia indica (G. indica) and has traditionally been
extensively used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In
addition, it has been also been experimentally illustrated to elicit anti-cancer
properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have illustrated the potential
ther...
The Thioredoxin System of Mammalian Cells and Its Modulators
Tập 10 Số 7 - Trang 1757
Oxidative stress involves the increased production and accumulation of free
radicals, peroxides, and other metabolites that are collectively termed reactive
oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as by-products of aerobic respiration.
ROS play a significant role in cell homeostasis through redox signaling and are
capable of eliciting damage to macromolecules. Multiple antioxidant defense
systems...
IDH Mutations in Glioma: Double-Edged Sword in Clinical Applications?
Tập 9 Số 7 - Trang 799
Discovery of point mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases
(IDH) in gliomas about a decade ago has challenged our view of the role of
metabolism in tumor progression and provided a new stratification strategy for
malignant gliomas. IDH enzymes catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to
alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Specific
mutations in the g...