Beiträge zur Klinik der Tuberkulose und spezifischen Tuberkulose-Forschung

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is potentially one of the most devastating conditions in premature infants with longstanding consequences involving multiple organ systems including adverse effects on pulmonary function and neurodevelopmental outcome. Here we review recent studies in the field to summarize the progress made in understanding in the pathophysiology, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of BPD in the last decade. The work reviewed includes the progress in understanding its pathobiology, genomic studies, ventilatory strategies, outcomes, and therapeutic interventions. We expect that this review will help guide clinicians to treat premature infants at risk for BPD better and lead researchers to initiate further studies in the field.

Bei einem Fall von Steinstauberkrankung der Lunge geringen Grades fand sich eine cystische Umwandlung von Hilus- und tracheobronchialen Lymphdrüsen. Am stärksten waren die Bifurkationslymphknoten betroffen. Der mikroskopische Befund zeigte, daß es sich um eine aus erweiterten Lymphsinus und Lymphgefäßen hervorgegangene Bildung handelte, um eine sogenannte Lymphadenocele, die bisher an der Lungenwurzel noch nicht beschrieben worden ist. Ihre Entstehung durch eine mit der Steinstaubveränderung der Drüsen zusammenhängende Erschwerung des Lymphabflusses wird durch die Beobachtung cystischer Lymphgefäßerweiterungen bei einem andern, schwereren Fall von Steinstaublunge wahrscheinlich gemacht.

Durch Anlegung eines Pneumothorax wird röntgenologisch die Entscheidung der Differentialdiagnose Lungentumor-Tuberkulose ermöglicht. Man sollte, falls auch mit Hilfe des einfachen Röntgenbildes die Differentialdiagnose nicht mit Sicherheit gestellt werden kann, stets an die Möglichkeit denken, durch Anlegung eines künstlichen Pneumothorax zu rein diagnostischen Zwecken weiterzukommen.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy stands as a precise and targeted approach in the treatment of malignancies. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of targeting Cadherin 17 (CDH17) with CDH17 CAR-T cells as a therapeutic modality for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CDH17 expression levels were assessed in human SCLC tumor tissues and cell lines using qPCR and Western blot. Subsequently, we established CDH17 CAR-T cells and assessed their cytotoxicity by co-culturing them with various SCLC cell lines at different effector-to-target (E:T) ratios, complemented by ELISA assays. To ascertain the specificity of CDH17 CAR-T cells, we conducted experiments on SCLC cells with and without CDH17 expression (shRNAs). Furthermore, we employed an SCLC xenograft model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CDH17 CAR-T cells. Our results revealed a significant upregulation of CDH17 in both SCLC tissues and cell lines. CDH17 CAR-T cells exhibited robust cytotoxic activity against SCLC cells in vitro, while demonstrating no cytotoxicity towards CDH17-deficient SCLC cells and HEK293 cells that lack CDH17 expression. Importantly, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CDH17 CAR-T cells correlated with their cytotoxic potency. Additionally, treatment with CDH17 CAR-T cells significantly decelerated the growth rate of SCLC-derived xenograft tumors in vivo. Remarkably, no significant difference in body weight was observed between the control group and the group treated with CDH17 CAR-T cells. The preclinical data open further venues for the clinical use of CDH17 CAR-T cells as an immunotherapeutic strategy for SCLC treatment.