Acta Ophthalmologica
SCOPUS (1923-1994,2008-2023)SCIE-ISI
1755-375X
1755-3768
Anh Quốc
Cơ quản chủ quản: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd , WILEY
Lĩnh vực:
Medicine (miscellaneous)Ophthalmology
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
Central serous chorioretinopathyAbstract. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease of the retina characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina secondary to one or more focal lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). CSC occurs most frequently in mid‐life and more often in men than in women. Major symptoms are blurred vision, usually in one eye only and perceived typically by the patient as a dark spot in the centre of the visual field with associated micropsia and metamorphopsia. Normal vision often recurs spontaneously within a few months. The condition can be precipitated by psychosocial stress and hypercortisolism. Ophthalmoscopic signs of CSC range from mono‐ or paucifocal RPE lesions with prominent elevation of the neurosensory retina by clear fluid – typical of cases of recent onset – to shallow detachments overlying large patches of irregularly depigmented RPE. The spectrum of lesions includes RPE detachments. Granular or fibrinous material may accumulate in the subretinal cavity. Serous detachment often resolves spontaneously. From first contact, counselling about the potential relation to stress and glucocorticoid medication is warranted. After 3 months without resolution of acute CSC or in chronic CSC, treatment should be considered. Resolution of detachment can usually be achieved in acute CSC by focal photocoagulation of leaking RPE lesions or, in chronic CSC, by photodynamic therapy. The effect of therapy on long‐term visual outcome is insufficiently documented. Reattachment within 4 months of onset is considered a relevant therapeutic target because prolonged detachment is associated with photoreceptor atrophy. This suggests that the value of treatment depends upon proper selection of cases that will not resolve without therapy. Chronic CSC may be difficult to differentiate from occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to CSC. Patients with chronic CSC who receive glucocorticoid treatment for systemic disease can often be managed without having to discontinue this medication.
Tập 86 Số 2 - Trang 126-145 - 2008
Correlations between commonly used objective signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of dry eye disease: clinical implicationsAbstract. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in a clinic‐based population.Methods: In a retrospective analysis, clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated for 344 subjects (n = 82, normal; n = 263, dry eye), across 11 sites from the EU and United States. Pearson correlations between signs and symptoms (r 2 ) and an independent components analysis (ICA) mixing matrix were derived from the data set. Similar analysis was performed on an independent data set from 200 subjects in a previous study in Munich, Germany.Results: No correlations above r 2 = 0.17 were found between any signs and symptoms, except for corneal and conjunctival staining, which reported an r 2 = 0.36. In the multisite study, the average r 2 for osmolarity (0.07), tear breakup time (0.12), Schirmer test (0.09), corneal (0.16) and conjunctival staining (0.17), meibomian grading (0.11) and Ocular Surface Disease Index® (0.11) were consistently low. Among patients who showed evidence of DED by consensus of clinical signs, only 57% reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of DED. Similar results were observed in the Munich‐based study data set. Each component of the ICA mixing matrix exhibited minimal residual information.Conclusions: No consistent relationship was found between common signs and symptoms of DED. Each type of measurement provides distinct information about the condition of the ocular surface. These results also demonstrate that symptoms alone are insufficient for the diagnosis and management of DED and argue for a consensus of clinical signs that better reflect all aspects of the disease.
Tập 92 Số 2 - Trang 161-166 - 2014
AGE VARIATIONS IN NORMAL HUMAN CONTRAST SENSITIVITYThe visual contrast sensitivity (the reciprocal of contrast threshold) was studied as a function of age. Psychophysical measurements of binocular and monocular contrast thresholds were made for 33 normal observers at spatial frequencies within the range 0.5 to 40 cycles/degree. The observers were divided into three different age groups: young, middle‐aged, and old subjects with the age ranges 6–10 years, 20–40 years, and 60–70 years, respectively. All observers had healthy eyes, normal vision, and Snellen visual acuity of 1.0 or better in both eyes. In all groups, contrast sensitivity for binocular and monocular viewing peaked at a spatial frequency around 3–5 cycles/degree and showed the typical attenuation at low and high spatial frequencies. The binocular contrast sensitivity was higher than the monocular. There was no significant difference between young and middle‐aged subjects with regard to contrast sensitivity. Subjects aged 60 years or more showed significantly lower contrast sensitivity than younger subjects for most spatial frequencies above 4 cycles/degree. We may thus conclude that both the binocular and monocular contrast sensitivity seemed independent of age within the range of 6 to 40 years. For higher ages studied (above 60 years), there was a loss of sensitivity in the middle and high frequency regions.
Tập 57 Số 4 - Trang 679-690 - 1979
Use of the retinal vessel analyzer in ocular blood flow researchActa Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 717–722 Abstract. The present article describes a standard instrument for the continuous online determination of retinal vessel diameters, the commercially available retinal vessel analyzer. This report is intended to provide informed guidelines for measuring ocular blood flow with this system. The report describes the principles underlying the method and the instruments currently available, and discusses clinical protocol and the specific parameters measured by the system. Unresolved questions and the possible limitations of the technique are also discussed.
Tập 88 Số 7 - Trang 717-722 - 2010
Cycloplegic refraction is the gold standard for epidemiological studiesAbstract Many studies on children have shown that lack of cycloplegia is associated with slight overestimation of myopia and marked errors in estimates of the prevalence of emmetropia and hyperopia. Non‐cycloplegic refraction is particularly problematic for studies of associations with risk factors. The consensus around the importance of cycloplegia in children left undefined at what age, if any, cycloplegia became unnecessary. It was often implicitly assumed that cycloplegia is not necessary beyond childhood or early adulthood, and thus, the protocol for the classical studies of refraction in older adults did not include cycloplegia. Now that population studies of refractive error are beginning to fill the gap between schoolchildren and older adults, whether cycloplegia is required for measuring refractive error in this age range, needs to be defined. Data from the Tehran Eye Study show that, without cycloplegia, there are errors in the estimation of myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia in the age range 20–50, just as in children. Similar results have been reported in an analysis of data from the Beaver Dam Offspring Eye Study. If the only important outcome measure of a particular study is the prevalence of myopia, then cycloplegia may not be crucial in some cases. But, without cycloplegia, measurements of other refractive categories as well as spherical equivalent are unreliable. In summary, the current evidence suggests that cycloplegic refraction should be considered as the gold standard for epidemiological studies of refraction, not only in children, but in adults up to the age of 50.
Tập 93 Số 6 - Trang 581-585 - 2015
Epidemiology of uveitis in a Western urban multiethnic population. The challenge of globalizationAbstract Purpose To report the anatomical pattern and etiological spectrum of uveitis in an urban multi‐ethnic population from B arcelona, S pain. General and specific epidemiological data for the most prevalent aetiologies are also calculated. Methods A cross‐sectional study of consecutive uveitis cases was performed between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012. Exogenous endophthalmitis, surgery‐related, post‐traumatic and toxic uveitis along with masquerade syndromes were excluded. Anatomical (Standard Uveitis Nomenclature criteria) and aetiological patterns (by tailored tests), age, sex, geographical origin and laterality were analysed. Mean incidence and prevalence were calculated for a mid‐period reference population. Results From 1022 patients included, 52% were anterior uveitis (AU ), 23% posterior, 15% panuveitis and 9% intermediate uveitis. Aetiologically, 26% were unclassifiable, 29% infectious, 25% associated with systemic immune diseases, and 20% corresponded to ocular‐specific syndromes. Among classified causes, herpesvirus (12%), toxoplasma (7%), Behçet's disease (BD ) (5%), HLA ‐B27‐isolated AU (5%), ankylosing spondylitis (5%), tuberculosis‐related uveitis (TRU ) (5%), birdshot chorioretinopathy (3%) and sarcoidosis (3%) were the most frequent. Non‐Spanish origin was recorded in 22%, with 47% of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada and 36% of toxoplasma cases coming from South America, 10% of BD and 11% of TRU from A frica and 24% of TRU cases from A sia. A mean annual incidence of 51.91 cases/100 000 inhabitants was found for the referral population. Conclusion In our referral area, 74% of the uveitis cases can be correctly classified. A large myriad of uveitis aetiologies with a strong geographical origin burden are found in Western urban multi‐ethnic populations.
Tập 93 Số 6 - Trang 561-567 - 2015