Update on polymyalgia rheumatica

Alvarez-Rodriguez, 2009, Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: association of IL-1RN*2/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica, Hum Immunol, 70, 49, 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.10.011

Amoli, 2002, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene polymorphisms in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica, J Rheumatol, 29, 502

Barber, 1957, Myalgic syndrome with constitutional effects: polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 16, 230, 10.1136/ard.16.2.230

Bird, 1979, An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 38, 434, 10.1136/ard.38.5.434

Blockmans, 2007, Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients, Rheumatology (Oxford), 46, 672, 10.1093/rheumatology/kel376

Boesen, 1987, Giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica in a Danish county. A prospective investigation, 1982–1985, Arthritis Rheum, 30, 294, 10.1002/art.1780300308

Boiardi, 2006, Relationship between interleukin 6 promoter polymorphism at position -174, IL-6 serum levels, and the risk of relapse/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica, J Rheumatol, 33, 703

Bruce, 1888, Senile rheumatic gout, BMJ, 2, 811, 10.1136/bmj.2.1450.811

Camellino, 2011, Imaging of polymyalgia rheumatica: indications on its pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis, Rheumatology (Oxford), 51, 77, 10.1093/rheumatology/keq450

Cantini, 1999, Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema (RS3PE) syndrome: a prospective follow up and magnetic resonance imaging study, Ann Rheum Dis, 58, 230, 10.1136/ard.58.4.230

Cantini, 2001, Shoulder ultrasonography in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: a case–control study, J Rheumatol, 28, 1049

Caporali, 2004, Prednisone plus methotrexate for polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Ann Intern Med, 141, 493, 10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00005

Catanoso, 2007, Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with etanercept: an open pilot study, Arthritis Rheum, 57, 1514, 10.1002/art.23095

Christidis, 2011, Successful use of tocilizumab in polymyalgic onset biopsy positive GCA with large vessel involvement, BMJ Case Rep, 2011, 10.1136/bcr.04.2011.4135

Dasgupta, 2010, BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica, Rheumatology (Oxford), 49, 186, 10.1093/rheumatology/kep303a

Dasgupta, 2012, 2012 provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative, Ann Rheum Dis, 71, 484, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200329

Dasgupta, 1990, Interleukin-6 in serum of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, Br J Rheumatol, 29, 456, 10.1093/rheumatology/29.6.456

Deal, 1985, The clinical features of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison with younger-onset disease of similar duration, Arthritis Rheum, 28, 987, 10.1002/art.1780280905

Dejaco, 2011, Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: data from a literature search compared with a Delphi-based expert consensus, Ann Rheum Dis, 70, 447, 10.1136/ard.2010.133850

Frediani, 2002, Evidence for synovitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica: sonographic study in a large series of patients, J Rheumatol, 29, 123

Ghosh, 2010, Current understanding and management of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 6, 913, 10.1586/eci.10.59

Gonzalez-Gay, 2001, Genetic epidemiology. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Arthritis Res, 3, 154, 10.1186/ar293

Gonzalez-Gay, 2003, Genetic markers of disease susceptibility and severity in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 33, 38, 10.1053/sarh.2002.50025

Gonzalez-Gay, 2004, Giant cell arteritis without clinically evident vascular involvement in a defined population, Arthritis Rheum, 51, 274, 10.1002/art.20231

Gonzalez-Gay, 2003, Polymyalgia rheumatica and biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis exhibit different HLA-DRB1* associations, J Rheumatol, 30, 2729

Gonzalez-Gay, 2000, The spectrum of conditions mimicking polymyalgia rheumatica in Northwestern Spain, J Rheumatol, 27, 2179

Gonzalez-Gay, 2002, IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position -174 modulates the phenotypic expression of polymyalgia rheumatica in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 20, 179

Gonzalez-Gay, 2009, Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Arthritis Rheum, 61, 1454, 10.1002/art.24459

Hagihara, 2010, Tocilizumab ameliorates clinical symptoms in polymyalgia rheumatica, J Rheumatol, 37, 1075, 10.3899/jrheum.091185

Hazleman, 2000, Laboratory investigations useful in the evaluation of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA), Clin Exp Rheumatol, 18, S29

Healey, 1984, Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for synovitis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 13, 322, 10.1016/0049-0172(84)90012-X

Hernandez-Rodriguez, 2009, Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review, Arch Intern Med, 169, 1839, 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.352

Jimenez-Palop, 2010, Ultrasonographic monitoring of response to therapy in polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 879, 10.1136/ard.2009.113555

Klauser, 2005, Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema of the hands: ultrasound, color doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging findings, Arthritis Rheum, 53, 226, 10.1002/art.21067

Kreiner, 2010, Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial, Arthritis Res Ther, 12, R176, 10.1186/ar3140

Kyle, 1989, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein in the assessment of polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis on presentation and during follow up, Ann Rheum Dis, 48, 667, 10.1136/ard.48.8.667

Kyle, 1993, The clinical and laboratory course of polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis after the first two months of treatment, Ann Rheum Dis, 52, 847, 10.1136/ard.52.12.847

Leeb, 2004, A disease activity score for polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 63, 1279, 10.1136/ard.2003.011379

Leeb, 2003, EULAR response criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: results of an initiative of the European Collaborating Polymyalgia Rheumatica Group (subcommittee of ESCISIT), Ann Rheum Dis, 62, 1189, 10.1136/ard.2002.002618

Lopez-Hoyos, 2004, Clinical utility of anti-CCP antibodies in the differential diagnosis of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, 655, 10.1093/rheumatology/keh143

Lundberg, 1990, Restricted dose and duration of corticosteroid treatment in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis, J Rheumatol, 17, 1340

Makki, 2000, RANTES gene polymorphism in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 18, 391

Mazzantini, 2012, Adverse events during longterm low-dose glucocorticoid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study, J Rheumatol, 39, 552, 10.3899/jrheum.110851

McCarthy, 2013, Plasma fibrinogen is an accurate marker of disease activity in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, Rheumatology (Oxford), 52, 465, 10.1093/rheumatology/kes294

McCarty, 1985, Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. RS3PE syndrome, JAMA, 254, 2763, 10.1001/jama.1985.03360190069027

Meliconi, 1996, Leukocyte infiltration in synovial tissue from the shoulder of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Quantitative analysis and influence of corticosteroid treatment, Arthritis Rheum, 39, 1199, 10.1002/art.1780390719

O'Duffy, 1976, Joint imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica, Mayo Clin Proc, 51, 519

Pacheco, 2003, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis function in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 32, 266, 10.1053/sarh.2003.49993

Pego-Reigosa, 2005, Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease mimicking polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective followup study of predictive factors for this condition in patients presenting with polymyalgia symptoms, Arthritis Rheum, 53, 931, 10.1002/art.21585

Perfetto, 2005, Seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 64, 1662, 10.1136/ard.2005.038901

Pipitone, 2008, The role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of vasculitis, Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 22, 897, 10.1016/j.berh.2008.09.009

Rust, 2012, Polymyalgia rheumatica in a married couple, J Gen Intern Med, 5, 711

Ruta, 2012, Ultrasound assessment of new onset bilateral painful shoulder in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis, Clin Rheumatol, 31, 1383, 10.1007/s10067-012-2016-2

Salvarani, 2008, Cervical interspinous bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Rheum Dis, 67, 758, 10.1136/ard.2007.084723

Salvarani, 2002, Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis, N Engl J Med, 347, 261, 10.1056/NEJMra011913

Salvarani, 2008, Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis, Lancet, 372, 234, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61077-6

Salvarani, 2003, Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with infliximab: a pilot study, J Rheumatol, 30, 760

Salvarani, 1997, Proximal bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica, Ann Intern Med, 127, 27, 10.7326/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00005

Salvarani, 2000, Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene polymorphisms in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis: association with disease risk and severity, J Rheumatol, 27, 1215

Salvarani, 1995, Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970–1991, Arthritis Rheum, 38, 369, 10.1002/art.1780380311

Salvarani, 1995, The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern, Ann Intern Med, 123, 192, 10.7326/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00006

Salvarani, 2007, Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, 146, 631, 10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00005

Salvarani, 1987, Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a 5-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Reggio Emilia, Italy, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 5, 205

Schmidt, 2009, Procalcitonin at the onset of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: the GRACG prospective study, Rheumatology (Oxford), 48, 158, 10.1093/rheumatology/ken437

Seitz, 2011, Rapid induction of remission in large vessel vasculitis by IL-6 blockade. A case series, Swiss Med Wkly, 141, w13156

Stone, 2007, Vasculitis: a collection of pearls and myths, Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 33, 691, 10.1016/j.rdc.2007.09.002

Uddhammar, 1997, Antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses and respiratory syncytial virus in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 15, 299

Unizony, 2012, Tocilizumab for the treatment of large-vessel vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, takayasu arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 10.1002/acr.21750

van der Veen, 1996, Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis?, Ann Rheum Dis, 55, 218, 10.1136/ard.55.4.218

Weyand, 1994, Tissue cytokine patterns in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, Ann Intern Med, 121, 484, 10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00003