Uncommon opportunistic fungi: new nosocomial threats
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bodey, 1988, The emergence of fungi as major hospital pathogens, J Hospital Infection, 11, 411, 10.1016/0195-6701(88)90220-4
Anaissie, 1992, Opportunistic mycoses in the immunocompromised host: Experience at a cancer center and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 14, S43, 10.1093/clinids/14.Supplement_1.S43
Groll, 1996, Trends in the postmortem epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at a university hospital, J Infection, 33, 23, 10.1016/S0163-4453(96)92700-0
Nguyen, 1996, The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance, Am J Med, 100, 617, 10.1016/S0002-9343(95)00010-0
Wald, 1997, Epidemiology of Aspergillus infections in a large cohort of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, J Infectious Dis, 175, 1459, 10.1086/516480
Viscoli, 1999, Candidemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter surveillance study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Clin Infectious Dis, 28, 1071, 10.1086/514731
Denning, 1998, An EORTC multicentre prospective survey of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. EORTC Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, J Infection, 37, 173, 10.1016/S0163-4453(98)80173-4
Vartivarian, 1993, Emerging fungal pathogens in immunocompromised patients: classification, diagnosis, and management, Clin Infectious Dis, 17, S487, 10.1093/clinids/17.Supplement_2.S487
Perfect, 1996, The new fungal opportunists are coming, Clin Infectious Dis, 22, S112, 10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S112
Duong, 1996, Infection due to Penicillium marneffei, an emerging pathogen: review of 155 reported cases, Clin Infectious Dis, 23, 125, 10.1093/clinids/23.1.125
Romani, 1995, Mechanisms of resistance to fungal infections, Current Opinion Immunol, 7, 517, 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80097-2
Walsh, 1996, Recent progress and current problems in treatment of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients, Infectious Dis Clin North Am, 10, 365, 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70303-2
Hajjeh, 1995, Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, Clin Infectious Dis, 21, S108, 10.1093/clinids/21.Supplement_1.S108
Suzaki, 1995, An outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis among travelers to a bat-inhabited cave in Brazil, Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 69, 444, 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.444
Bradsher, 1996, Histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, Clin Infectious Dis, 22, S102, 10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S102
Galgiani, 1997, Coccidioidomycosis, Current Clin Topics Infectious Diseases, 17, 188
Schneider, 1997, A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake, J Am Med Assoc, 277, 904, 10.1001/jama.1997.03540350054033
Wheat, 1997, Histoplasmosis. Experience during outbreaks in Indianapolis and review of the literature, Medicine (Baltimore), 76, 339, 10.1097/00005792-199709000-00002
Muller, 1999, Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus, Eur J Pediatrics, 158, 187, 10.1007/s004310051047
Lortholary, 1999, Endemic mycoses: a treatment update, J Antimicrob Chemotherapy, 43, 321, 10.1093/jac/43.3.321
Cairns, 2000, Outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in Washington state residents returning from Mexico, Clin Infectious Dis, 30, 61, 10.1086/313602
Harrison, 2000, Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcosis, J Infection, 41, 12, 10.1053/jinf.2000.0695
Gamis, 1991, Disseminated infection with Fusarium in recipients of bone marrow transplants, Rev Infectious Dis, 13, 1077, 10.1093/clinids/13.6.1077
Martino, 1994, Clinical patterns of Fusarium infections in immunocompromised patients, J Infection Suppl, 1, 7, 10.1016/S0163-4453(94)95911-0
Boutati, 1997, Fusarium, a significant emerging pathogen in patients with hematologic malignancy: ten years' experience at a cancer center and implications for management, Blood, 90, 999, 10.1182/blood.V90.3.999
Hennequin, 1997, Invasive Fusarium infections: a retrospective survey of 31 cases. The French ‘Groupe d'Etudes des Mycoses Opportunistes’ GEMO, J Med Vet Mycol, 35, 107, 10.1080/02681219780000991
Musa, 2000, The spectrum of Fusarium infection in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies and in non-immunocompromised patients: a single institution experience over 10 years, Br J Hematol, 108, 544, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01856.x
Anaissie, 1988, The emerging role of Fusarium infections in patients with cancer, Medicine (Baltimore), 67, 77, 10.1097/00005792-198803000-00001
Nelson, 1994, Anaissie. Taxonomy, biology, and clinical aspects of Fusarium species, Clin Microbiol Rev, 7, 479, 10.1128/CMR.7.4.479
Liu, 1998, Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology, Am J Clin Pathol, 109, 45, 10.1093/ajcp/109.1.45
Schwartz, 1982, The diagnosis of deep mycoses by morphological methods, Human Pathol, 13, 519, 10.1016/S0046-8177(82)80267-0
Walsh, 1995, Polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) for recognition of medically important opportunistic fungi, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 3216, 10.1128/JCM.33.12.3216-3220.1995
Reuben A, Anaissie E, Nelson PE et al. Antifungal susceptibility of 44 clinical isolates of Fusarium species determined by.
Anaissie, 1992, Lack of activity of amphotericin B in systemic murine fusarial infection, J Infectious Dis, 165, 1155, 10.1093/infdis/165.6.1155
Walsh, 1998, lipid complex in patients with invasive fungal infections: analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases, Clin Infectious Dis, 26, 1383, 10.1086/516353
Wildfeuer, 1997, In vitro activity of voriconazole against yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with fluconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin, Arzneimittelforschung, 47, 1257
McGinnis, 1998, In vitro activity of voriconazole against selected fungi, Med Mycol, 36, 239, 10.1080/02681219880000361
Marco, 1998, Antifungal activity of a new triazole, voriconazole (UK-109,496), compared with three other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi, Med Mycol, 36, 433, 10.1080/02681219880000691
Marco, 1998, In vitro activity of a new triazole antifungal agent, Sch 56592, against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi, Mycopathologia, 141, 73, 10.1023/A:1006970503053
Lozano-Chiu, 1999, Treatment of murine fusariosis with SCH 56592, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 43, 589, 10.1128/AAC.43.3.589
Espinel-Ingroff, 1998, Comparison of In vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56592 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts, J Clin Microbiol, 36, 2950, 10.1128/JCM.36.10.2950-2956.1998
Clancy, 1998, In vitro efficacy and fungicidal activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus and Fusarium species, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infectious Dis, 17, 573
Johnson, 1998, In-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotencin B against filamentous fungi, J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 42, 741, 10.1093/jac/42.6.741
Merz, 1988, Diagnosis and successful treatment of fusariosis in the compromised host, J Infectious Dis, 158, 1046, 10.1093/infdis/158.5.1046
Schell, 1996, Fatal disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic host, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 1333, 10.1128/JCM.34.5.1333-1336.1996
Fincher, 1991, Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (cephalosporium), Medicine (Baltimore), 70, 398, 10.1097/00005792-199111000-00005
Roilides, 1995, Acremonium fungemia in two immunocompromised children, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 14, 548, 10.1097/00006454-199506000-00015
Guarro, 1997, Acremonium species: new emerging fungal opportunists—in vitro antifungal susceptibilities and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 25, 1222, 10.1086/516098
Castro, 1990, Hyalohyphomycosis by Paecilomyces lilacinus in a renal transplant patient and a review of human Paecilomyces species infections, J Med Vet Mycol, 28, 15, 10.1080/02681219080000031
Chan-Tack, 1999, Paecilomyces lilacinus fungemia in an adult marrow transplant recipient, Med Mycol, 37, 57, 10.1080/02681219980000081
Orth, 1996, Outbreak of invasive mycoses caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus from a contaminated skin lotion, Ann Intern Med, 125, 799, 10.7326/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00003
Tan, 1992, Paecilomyces lilacinus catheter-related fungemia in an immunocompromised pediatric patient, J Clin Microbiol, 30, 2479, 10.1128/JCM.30.9.2479-2483.1992
Naiad, 1992, Hyalohyphomycosis caused by Paecilomyces variotii: a case report, animal pathogenicity and ‘in vitro’ sensitivity, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 62, 225, 10.1007/BF00582583
Williamson, 1992, Successful treatment of Paecilomyces variotii infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and a review of Paecilomyces species infections, Clin Infectious Dis, 14, 1023, 10.1093/clinids/14.5.1023
Shing, 1996, Paecilomyces variotii fungemia in a bone marrow transplant patient, Bone Marrow Transplantation, 17, 281
Aguilar, 1998, Antifungal susceptibilities of Paecilomyces species, Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy, 42, 1601, 10.1128/AAC.42.7.1601
Fung-Tomc, 1998, In vitro activity of a new oral triazole, BMS-207147 (ER-30346), Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy, 42, 313, 10.1128/AAC.42.4.993
Travis, 1985, Clinical significance of Pseudallescheria boydii: A review of 10 years' experience, Mayo Clinic Proc, 60, 531, 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)60571-0
Berenguer, 1990, Central nervous system infection caused by Pseudallescheria boydii: Case report and review, Rev Infectious Dis, 11, 890, 10.1093/clinids/11.6.890
Kershaw, 1990, Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the central nervous system, Arch Neurol, 47, 468, 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530040126029
Patterson, 1990, The epidemiology of pseudallescheriasis complicating transplantation: nosocomial and community-acquired infection, Mycoses, 33, 297, 10.1111/myc.1990.33.6.296
Grigg, 1993, Recurrent Pseudallescheria boydii sinusitis in acute leukemia, Scand J Infectious Dis, 25, 263, 10.3109/00365549309008495
Singh, 1997, Infections due to dermatiaceous fungi in organ transplant recipients: case report and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 24, 369, 10.1093/clinids/24.3.369
Tadros, 1998, Pathology of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria boydii): an emerging mycosis, Human Pathol, 29, 1266, 10.1016/S0046-8177(98)90255-6
Munoz, 2000, Successful outcome of Scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection treated with voriconazole in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy, Clin Infectious Dis, 31, 1499, 10.1086/317496
Lopez, 1998, Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria boydii) infection in a heart transplant recipient: a case of mistaken identity, J Heart Lung Transplant, 17, 321
Walsh, 1995, Activity of amphotericin B and antifungal azoles alone and in combination against Pseudallescheria boydii, Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy, 39, 1361, 10.1128/AAC.39.6.1361
Cuenca-Estrella, 1999, Comparative in-vitro activity of vonconazole (UK-109,496) and six other antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Scedosporium prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum, J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 43, 149, 10.1093/jac/43.1.149
Radford, 1997, In vitro studies of activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496), a new triazole antifungalagent, against emerging and less-common mold pathogens, Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy, 41, 841, 10.1128/AAC.41.4.841
Del Poeta, 1997, In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 41, 1835, 10.1128/AAC.41.8.1835
Pfaller, 1998, In vitro activity of two echinocandin derivatives, LY3033>66 and MK-0991 (L-743,792), against clinical isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and other filamentous fungi, Diagnostic Microbiol Infectious Dis, 30, 251, 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)00246-0
Phillips, 1991, Disseminated infection with Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: response to gamma-interferon plus antifungal chemotherapy, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 10, 536, 10.1097/00006454-199107000-00011
Roilides, 1993, Enhancement of oxidative response and damage caused by neutrophils to Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony stimulating factor and interferon-gamma, Infection Immunity, 61, 1185, 10.1128/IAI.61.4.1185-1193.1993
Wood, 1992, Clinical features of human infection with Scedosporium inflatum, Clin Infectious Dis, 14, 1027, 10.1093/clinids/14.5.1027
Berenguer, 1997, Deep infections caused by Scedosporium prolificans. A report on 16 cases in Spain and a review of the literature, Scedosporium prolificans Spanish Study Group Med (Baltimore), 76, 256
Maertens, 2000, Disseminated infection by Scedosporium prolificans: an emerging fatality among haematology patients. Case report and review, Ann Hematol, 79, 340, 10.1007/s002779900137
Gil-Lamaignere, 1999, Human phagocytic cell responses to Scedosporium prolificans hyphae
Meletiadis, 2000, In vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole against clinical isolates of Scedosporium prolificans, Antimicrobial Agents Chematherapy, 44, 470, 10.1128/AAC.44.2.470-472.2000
Meletiadis, 2000, An animal model for invasive infections caused by Scedosporium prolificans
Gautheret, 1995, Trichoderma pseudokoningii as a cause of fatal infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient, Clin Infectious Dis, 20, 1063, 10.1093/clinids/20.4.1063
Munoz, 1997, Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in a pediatric patient with aplastic anemia, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 499, 10.1128/JCM.35.2.499-503.1997
Richter, 1999, Fatal disseminated Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in an adult bone marrow transplant patient: species identification and review of the literature, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 1154, 10.1128/JCM.37.4.1154-1160.1999
Kuhls, 1999, Molecular identification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citroinviride, Med Mycol, 37, 25, 10.1080/02681219980000041
Jacobs, 1992, Trichoderma viride infection in a liver transplant recipient, Mycoses, 35, 301, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00880.x
Guarro, 1999, Fatal case of Trichoderma harzianum infection in a renal transplant recipient, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 3751, 10.1128/JCM.37.11.3751-3755.1999
Sellier, 2000, Recurrent subcutaneous infection due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in a liver transplant recipient, Clin Infectious Dis, 30, 820, 10.1086/313764
Neglia, 1987, Invasive Scopulariopsis in the immunocompromised host, Am J Med, 83, 1163, 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90961-2
Phillips, 1989, Invasive hyalohyphomycosis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in a patient undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant, Diagnostic Microbiol Infectious Dis, 12, 429, 10.1016/0732-8893(89)90114-4
Kriesel, 1994, Invasive sinonasal disease due to Scopulariopsis Candida: case report and review of scopulariopsosis, Clin Infectious Dis, 19, 317, 10.1093/clinids/19.2.317
Balfour, 1992, Terbinafine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in superficial mycoses, Drugs, 43, 259, 10.2165/00003495-199243020-00010
Engelhard, 1988, Treatment with itraconazole of widespread tinea corporis due to Trichophyton rubrum in a bone marrow transplant recipient, Bone Marrow Transplant, 3, 517
Grossman, 1995, Invasive Trichophyton rubrum infection in the immunocompromised host: report of three cases, J Am Acad Dermatol, 33, 315, 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90270-8
King, 1996, Primary invasive cutaneous Microsporum canis infections in immunocompromised patients, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 460, 10.1128/JCM.34.2.460-462.1996
Groll, 1998, Pharmacology of antifungal compounds, Adv Pharmacol, 44, 343, 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60129-5
Arnow, 1991, An outbreak of tinea corporis in hospital personnel caused by a patient with Trichophyton tonsurans infection, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 10, 355, 10.1097/00006454-199105000-00002
Lewis, 1997, Nosocomial transmission of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea corporis in a rehabilitation hospital, Infection Control Hospital Epidemiol, 18, 322, 10.2307/30141225
Snider, 1993, The ringworm riddle: an outbreak of Microsporum canis in the nursery, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 12, 145, 10.1097/00006454-199302000-00008
Matsumoto, 1994, Developments in phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis, J Med Vet Mycol, 32, 329, 10.1080/02681219480000951
Fothergill, 1996, Identification of dematiaceous fungi and their role in human disease, Clin Infectious Dis, 22, S179, 10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S179
De Hoog, 1997, Significance of fungal evolution for the understanding of their pathogenicity, illustrated with agents of phaeohyphomycosis, Mycoses, 40, 5, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00555.x
Antoine, 1989, Bipolaris: a serious new fungal pathogen of the paranasal sinus, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 100, 158, 10.1177/019459988910000213
Maskin, 1989, Bipolaris hawaiiensis-caused phaeomycotic orbitopathy. A devastating fungal sinusitis in an apparently immunocompetent host, Ophthalmology, 96, 175, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32917-4
Jacobson, 1992, Bipolaris-induced orbital cellulitis, J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 12, 250
Sharkey, 1990, Itraconazole treatment of phaeohyphomycosis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 23, 577, 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70259-K
McGinnis, 1998, In vitro testing of susceptibilities of filamentous ascomycetes to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, with consideration of phylogenetic implications, J Clin Microbiol, 36, 2353, 10.1128/JCM.36.8.2353-2355.1998
Adam, 1986, Phaeohyphomycosis caused by the fungal genera Bipolaris and Exserohilum. A report of nine cases and review of the literature, Medicine (Baltimore), 65, 203, 10.1097/00005792-198607000-00001
Morton, 1986, Granulomatous encephalitis caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Arch Pathol Laboratory Med, 110, 1183
Flanagan, 1997, Disseminated infection due to Bipolaris australiensis in a young immunocompetent man: case report and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 25, 311, 10.1086/514528
Pauzner, 1997, Phaeohyphomycosis following cardiac surgery: case report and review of serious infection due to Bipolaris and Exserohilum species, Clin Infectious Dis, 25, 921, 10.1086/597638
Dixon, 1989, Human central nervous system infections due to Xylohypha bantiana (Cladosporium trichoides), Rev Infectious Dis, 11, 515, 10.1093/clinids/11.4.515
Aldape, 1991, Cladosporium trichoides cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant recipient. Report of a case, Am J Clin Pathol, 95, 499, 10.1093/ajcp/95.4.499
Goel, 1992, Brain abscess caused by Cladosporium trichoides, Br J Neurosurgery, 6, 591, 10.3109/02688699209002378
Emmens, 1996, Necrotizing cerebritis in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient due to Cladophialophora bantiana, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 1330, 10.1128/JCM.34.5.1330-1332.1996
Naim-ur-Rahman, 1988, Fatal brain abscesses caused by Ramichloridium obovoideum: report of three cases, Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 93, 92, 10.1007/BF01402887
Sutton, 1998, U.S. case report of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Ramichloridium obovoideum (R. mackenziei): criteria for identification, therapy, and review of other known dematiaceous neurotropic taxa, J Clin Microbiol, 36, 708, 10.1128/JCM.36.3.708-715.1998
Al-Abdely, 2000, 56592, amphotericin B, or itraconazole therapy of experimental murine cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Ramichloridium obovoideum (‘Ramichloridium mackenziei’), Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 44, 1159, 10.1128/AAC.44.5.1159-1162.2000
Vukmir, 1994, Successful therapy for cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Dactylaria gallopava in a liver transplant recipient, Clin Infectious Dis, 19, 714, 10.1093/clinids/19.4.714
Kralovic, 1995, Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Dactylaria (human dactylariosis): report of a case with review of the literature, J Infection, 31, 107, 10.1016/S0163-4453(95)92060-9
Kabel, 1994, Nosocomial intravascular infection with Exophiala dermatitidis, Lancet, 344, 1167, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90681-5
Nachman, 1996, Catheter-associated fungemia due to Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 1011, 10.1128/JCM.34.4.1011-1013.1996
Ajanee, 1996, Brain abscess caused by Wangiella dermatitidis: case report, Clin Infectious Dis, 23, 197, 10.1093/clinids/23.1.197
Ribes, 2000, Zygomycetes in human disease, Clin Microbiol Rev, 13, 236, 10.1128/CMR.13.2.236-301.2000
Irwin, 2000, Zygomycosis of the respiratory tract, 163
Walsh, 1994, Invasive zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus incongruus, Clin Infectious Dis, 19, 423, 10.1093/clinids/19.3.423
Kontoyianms, 2000, Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center, Clin Infectious Dis, 30, 851, 10.1086/313803
Kolbeck, 1985, Widely disseminated Cunninghamella mucormycosis in an adult renal transplant patient: Case report and review of the literature, Am J Clin Pathol, 83, 747, 10.1093/ajcp/83.6.747
Nimmo, 1988, Disseminated mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a liver transplant recipient, Postgraduate Med J, 64, 82, 10.1136/pgmj.64.747.82
Rex, 1988, Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection associated with deferoxamine therapy, Rev Infectious Dis, 10, 1187, 10.1093/clinids/10.6.1187
Cooter, 1990, Burn wound zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans, J Clin Microbiol, 28, 2151, 10.1128/JCM.28.9.2151-2153.1990
Fingeroth, 1994, Zygomycosis due to Mucor circinelloides in a neutropenic patient receiving chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia, Clin Infectious Dis, 19, 135, 10.1093/clinids/19.1.135
Kontoyianis, 1994, Infections due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in patients with cancer: report of three cases and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 18, 925, 10.1093/clinids/18.6.925
Robertson, 1997, Zygomycosis in neonates, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 16, 812, 10.1097/00006454-199708000-00015
Rickerts, 2000, Cluster of pulmonary infections caused by cunninghamella bertholletiae in immunocompromised patients, Clin Infectious Dis, 31, 910, 10.1086/318144
Daly, 1989, Mucormycosis association with deferoxamine therapy, Am J Med, 87, 468, 10.1016/S0002-9343(89)80836-8
Tawara, 2000, In vitro activities of a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, FK463, against a variety of clinically important fungi, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 44, 57, 10.1128/AAC.44.1.57-62.2000
Gonzalez, 1997, Successful treatment of disseminated zygomycosis in a neutropenic patient with amphotericin B lipid complex and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, Clin Infectious Dis, 24, 192, 10.1093/clinids/24.2.192
Baraia, 1995, Cutaneous mucormycosis in a heart transplant patient associated with a peripheral catheter, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infectious Dis, 14, 813, 10.1007/BF01691000
Fortun, 1995, Post-traumatic cranial mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient, J Oral Maxillofacial Surg, 53, 1099, 10.1016/0278-2391(95)90132-9
Supparatpinyo, 1994, Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in Southeast Asia, Lancet, 344, 110, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91287-4
Sirisanthana, 1995, Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 14, 935, 10.1097/00006454-199511000-00003
de la Camara, 1996, Penicillium brevicompactum as the cause of a necrotic lung ball in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient, Bone Marrow Transplant, 18, 1189
Mok, 1997, Fatal Penicillium citrinum pneumonia with pericarditis in a patient with acute leukemia, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 2654, 10.1128/JCM.35.10.2654-2656.1997
Cooper, 2000, Penicillium marneffei: an insurgent species among the penicillia, J Eukaryotic Microbiol, 47, 24, 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00006.x
Kudeken, 1996, Cell-mediated immunity in host resistance against infection caused by Penicillium marneffei, J Med Vet Mycol, 34, 371, 10.1080/02681219680000671
Kudeken, 1999, Cytokine-induced fungicidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Penicillium marneffei, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 26, 115, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01378.x
Vanittanakom, 1996, Restriction endonuclease analysis of Penicillium marneffei, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 1834, 10.1128/JCM.34.7.1834-1836.1996
Chariyalertsak, 1997, Case-control study of risk factors for Penicillium marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern Thailand, Clin Infectious Dis, 24, 1080, 10.1086/513649
Boon-Long, 1996, In vitro antifungal activity of the new triazole D0870 against Penicillium marneffei compared with that of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and flucytosine, Mycoses, 39, 453, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00096.x
Supparatpinyo, 1993, Response to antifungal therapy by human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infections and in vitro susceptibilities of isolates from clinical specimens, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 37, 2407, 10.1128/AAC.37.11.2407
Sirisanthana, 1998, Amphotericin B and itraconazole for treatment of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, Clin Infectious Dis, 26, 1107, 10.1086/520280
Supparatpinyo, 1998, A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, New England J Med, 339, 1739, 10.1056/NEJM199812103392403
Walsh, 1986, Trichosporonosis in patients with neoplastic disease, Medicine, 65, 268, 10.1097/00005792-198607000-00005
Hoy, 1986, Trichosporon beigelii infection: a review, Rev Infectious Dis, 8, 959, 10.1093/clinids/8.6.959
Krcmery, 1999, Hematogenous trichosporonosis in cancer patients: report of 12 cases including 5 during prophylaxis with itraconazole, Supportive Care Cancer, 7, 39, 10.1007/s005200050221
Erer, 2000, Trichosporon beigelii: a life-threatening pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, Bone Marrow Transplantation, 25, 745, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702231
Anaissie, 1992, Azole therapy for trichosporonosis: clinical evaluation of eight patients, experimental therapy for murine infection, and review, Clin Infectious Dis, 15, 781, 10.1093/clind/15.5.781
Lee, 1990, Patterns of morphologic variation in strains of Trichosporon beigelii, J Clin Microbiol, 28, 2823, 10.1128/JCM.28.12.2823-2827.1990
Kemeker, 1991, Distinction of deep vs. superficial clinical and non-clinical environmental isolates of Trichosporon beigelii by isoenzymes and RFLP's of rDNA generated by the polymerase chain reaction, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 29, 1677
Gueho, 1992, Contributions to a revision of the genus Trichosporon, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 61, 289, 10.1007/BF00713938
Walsh, 1993, Infections due to Trichosporon species: new concepts in mycology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, Current Topics Med Mycol, 5, 79
Walsh, 1990, Trichosporon beigelii: an emerging pathogen resistant to amphotericin B, J Clin Microbiol, 28, 1616, 10.1128/JCM.28.7.1616-1622.1990
McManus, 1985, Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection, J Clin Microbiol, 21, 681, 10.1128/JCM.21.5.681-685.1985
Melcher, 1991, Demonstration of a cell wall antigen cross-reacting with cryptococcal polysaccharide in experimental disseminated trichosporonosis, J Clin Microbiol, 29, 192, 10.1128/JCM.29.1.192-196.1991
Lyman, 1994, Detection and quantification of the glucuronoxylomannan-like polysaccharide antigen from clinical and non-clinical isolates of Trichosporon beigelii: implications for pathogenicity, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 126, 10.1128/JCM.33.1.126-130.1995
Lyman, 1994, Response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes to Trichosporon beigelii: host defense against an emerging pathogen, J Infectious Dis, 170, 1557, 10.1093/infdis/170.6.1557
Walsh, 1992, Experimental disseminated trichosporonosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of an emerging opportunistic infection, J Infectious Dis, 166, 121, 10.1093/infdis/166.1.121
Lopez-Berestein, 1983, Treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated infection due to Candida albicans in mice with liposomeencapsulated amphotericin B, J Infectious Dis, 147, 939, 10.1093/infdis/147.5.939
Melez, 1995, Successful outpatient treatment of Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis with oral fluconazole, Pediatric Infectious Dis J, 14, 1110, 10.1097/00006454-199512000-00020
Martino, 1990, Blastoschizomyces capitatus: an emerging cause of invasive fungal disease in leukemia patients, Rev Infectious Dis, 12, 570, 10.1093/clinids/12.4.570
Sanz, 1996, Disseminated Blastoschizomyces capitatus infection in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Report of three cases, Supportive Care Cancer, 4, 291, 10.1007/BF01358882
Krcmery, 1999, Invasive yeast infections other than Candida spp. in acute leukaemia, J Hospital Infection, 41, 181, 10.1016/S0195-6701(99)90015-4
Perez-Sanchez, 2000, Blastoschizomyces capitatus infection in acute leukemia patients, Leukemia Lymphoma, 39, 209, 10.3109/10428190009053556
Venditti, 1991, In-vitro comparative activity of fluconazole and other antifungal agents against Blastoschizomyces capitatus, J Chemotherapy, 3, 13, 10.1080/1120009X.1991.11739056
D'Antonio, 1996, Emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains of Blastoschizomyces capitatus causing nosocomial infections in cancer patients, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 753, 10.1128/JCM.34.3.753-755.1996
Pagano, 1996, Adjuvant therapy with rhGM-CSF for the treatment of Blastoschizomyces capitatus systemic infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia, Ann Hematol, 73, 33, 10.1007/s002770050196
Marcon, 1992, Human infections due to Malassezia spp, Clin Microbiol Rev, 5, 101, 10.1128/CMR.5.2.101
Barber, 1993, Catheter-related Malassezia furfur fungemia in immunocompromised patients, Am J Med, 95, 365, 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90304-8
Morrison, 2000, The spectrum of Malassezia infections in the bone marrow transplant population, Bone Marrow Transplant, 26, 645, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702566
Redline, 1985, Systemic Malassezia furfur infections in patients receiving intralipid therapy, Human Pathol, 16, 815, 10.1016/S0046-8177(85)80253-7
Dankner, 1987, Malassezia fungemia in neonates and adults: complication of hyperalimentation, Rev Infectious Dis, 9, 743, 10.1093/clinids/9.4.743
Chang, 1998, An epidemic of Malassezia pachydermatis in an intensive care nursery associated with colonization of health care workers' pet dogs, New Engl J Med, 338, 706, 10.1056/NEJM199803123381102
Sandin, 1993, Malassezia furfur folliculitis in cancer patients. The need for interaction ofmicrobiologist, surgical pathologist, and clinician in facilitating identification by the clinical microbiology laboratory, Ann Clin Laboratory Sci, 23, 377
Gupta, 2000, In vitro susceptibility of the seven Malassezia species to ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine, Br J Dermatol, 142, 758, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03294.x
Munoz, 1989, Catheter-related fungemia by Hansenula anomala, Arch Intern Med, 149, 709, 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390030151034
Braun, 1992, Rhodotorula fungaemia: a life-threatening complication of indwelling central venous catheters, Mycoses, 35, 305, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00882.x
Johnson, 1998, Fungaemia due to Cryptococcus laurentii and a review of non-neoformans cryptococcaemia, Mycoses, 41, 277, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00338.x
Aucott, 1990, Invasive infection with Saccharomyces cerevisiae: report of three cases and review, Rev Infectious Dis, 12, 406, 10.1093/clinids/12.3.406
Kiehn, 1992, Sepsis due to Rhodotorula related to use of indwelling central venous catheters, Clin Infectious Dis, 14, 841, 10.1093/clinids/14.4.841
Klein, 1988, Hansenula anomala: a new fungal pathogen. Two case reports and a review of the literature, Arch Intern Med, 148, 1210, 10.1001/archinte.1988.00380050214030
Pfaller, 1997, Activity of a new triazole, Sch 56592, compared with those of four other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of Candida spp. & Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 41, 233, 10.1128/AAC.41.2.233
Barchiesi, 1998, In vitro activity of five antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Med Mycol, 36, 437, 10.1080/02681219880000701
Barchiesi, 2000, In vitro activities of the new antifungal triazole SCH 56592 against common and emerging yeast pathogens, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 44, 226, 10.1128/AAC.44.1.226-229.2000
Hiemenz, 1996, Lipid formulations of amphotericin B. recent progress and future directions, Clin Infectious Dis, 22, S133, 10.1093/clinids/22.Supplement_2.S133
Wong-Beringer, 1998, Lipid formulations of amphotericin B. clinical efficacy and toxicities, Clin Infectious Dis, 27, 603, 10.1086/514704
Groll, 1998, Emerging targets for novel antifungal therapeutics, Trends Microbiol, 6, 117, 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01206-7
Groll, 1997, Potential new antifungal agents, Current Opinion Infectious Dis, 10, 449, 10.1097/00001432-199712000-00007
Kurtz, 1997, Lipopeptide inhibitors of fungal glucan synthase, J Med Vet Mycol, 35, 79, 10.1080/02681219780000961
Roilides, 1998, The role of immunoreconstitution in the management of refractory opportunistic fungal infections, Med Mycol, 36, 12