Trypanothione: A Novel Bis(glutathionyl)spermidine Cofactor for Glutathione Reductase in Trypanosomatids

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 227 Số 4693 - Trang 1485-1487 - 1985
Alan H. Fairlamb1, Peter Blackburn1, Peter Ulrich1, Brian T. Chait1, Bruce Beutler1
1Rockefeller University, New York 10021.

Tóm tắt

Glutathione reductase from trypanosomes and leishmanias, unlike glutathione reductase from other organisms, requires an unusual low molecular weight cofactor for activity. The cofactor was purified from the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata and identified as a novel glutathione-spermidine conjugate, N 1 ,N 8 -bis(L-γ-glutamyl-L-hemicystinyl-glycyl)spermidine, for which the trivial name trypanothione is proposed. This discovery may open a new chemotherapeutic approach to trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

APONTOWEIL, P, ISOLATION AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUTATHIONE-DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12, BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 399: 10 (1975).

ARRICK, B.A., INHIBITION OF GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS AS A CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 153: 720 (1981).

BACCHI, C.J., CONTENT, SYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION OF POLYAMINES IN TRYPANOSOMATIDS - RELATIONSHIP TO CHEMOTHERAPY, JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 28: 20 (1981).

Bey, P., Enzyme Activated Irreversible Inhibitors: 27 (1978).

BLACKBURN, P, THIOL-DISULFIDE INTERCHANGE BETWEEN CYSTINE AND N-2-MERCAPTOETHYL-1,3-DIAMINOPROPANE AS A POTENTIAL TREATMENT FOR CYSTINURIA, ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 136: 31 (1984).

BOVERIS, A, DEFICIENT METABOLIC UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE IN TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 188: 643 (1980).

CHAIT, B.T., FISSION FRAGMENT IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF ALAMETHICIN-I, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 104: 5157 (1982).

10.1126/science.382357

DEVENYI, T, QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION OF THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAMS BY VIDEO-DENSITOMETRY .1. DETERMINATION OF LYSINE IN PLANT MATERIALS, ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA HUNGARICA 11: 1 (1976).

FAIRLAMB, A.H., IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL, THIOL-CONTAINING COFACTOR ESSENTIAL FOR GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE ENZYME-ACTIVITY IN TRYPANOSOMATIDS, MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY 14: 187 (1985).

FAIRLAMB, A.H., TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI 7: 249 (1981).

FAIRLAMB A.H. unpublished data.

Fuchs, J. A., Functions of Glutathione: Biochemical Physiological, Toxicological and Clinical Aspects: 385 (1983).

GAROFALO, J, ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE IN TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI - EVIDENCE FOR SELECTIVE TOXICITY OF DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE, JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 29: 389 (1982).

HIRS, CHW, METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY 11: 197 (1967).

KOSOWER, N.S., INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 54: 109 (1978).

LETRANT, N, IRON-CONTAINING SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE FROM CRITHIDIA-FASCICULATA - PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SIMILARITY TO LEISHMANIAL AND TRYPANOSOMAL ENZYMES, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 258: 125 (1983).

MCCANN, P.P., FURTHER-STUDIES ON DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE IN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES, MEDICAL BIOLOGY 59: 434 (1981).

MCMANIS, J.S., CHEMISTRY OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING POLYAMINES .1. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF CELACINNINE, CELABENZINE, AND MAYTENINE, JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 45: 2041 (1980).

MEISTER, A, GLUTATHIONE, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 52: 711 (1983).

MESHNICK, S.R., APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS FOR AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 148: 569 (1978).

Meshnick, S. R., Parasitic Diseases 2: 165 (1984).

10.1016/S0021-9258(19)83985-6

NEWTON, B.A., CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 20: 285 (1974).

Opperdoes, F. R., Parasitology: A Global Perspective: 191 (1983).

SEILER, N, DETERMINATION OF THE NATURALLY OCCURRING MONOACETYL DERIVATIVES OF DIAMINES AND POLYAMINES, JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 164: 155 (1979).

SJOERDSMA, A, CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS OF POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITION, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS 35: 287 (1984).

TABOR, C.W., POLYAMINES, ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 53: 749 (1984).

TABOR, H, ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TURNOVER OF GLUTATHIONYLSPERMIDINE FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 250: 2648 (1975).

10.1126/science.178.4063.871

WEIGELE, M, NOVEL REAGENT FOR FLUOROMETRIC ASSAY OF PRIMARY AMINES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 94: 5927 (1972).

WILLIAMSON, J, TROPICAL DISEASES BULLETIN 73: 531 (1976).