The synthesis of MDA from helional and characterisation by isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Forensic Chemistry - Tập 30 - Trang 100433 - 2022
Justin Cormick1, James F. Carter2, Timothy Currie2, Carney Matheson1, Sarah L. Cresswell1
1School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
2Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia

Tài liệu tham khảo

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), World Drug Report 2020, UNODC, Vienna, 2021. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Global Synthetic Drugs Assessment, UNODC, Vienna, 2014. Kovacs, 2013, Manufacture of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine from Helional Using Beckman and Hofmann Rearrangements, J. CLIC, 23, 5 Currie, 2019, Clandestine Manufacture of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) From Helional via α-Methyl-3-,4-methylenedioxy-phenylpropionitrile (MMDPPN), J. CLIC, 29, 4 Salouros, 2013, Measurement of stable isotope ratios in methylamphetamine: a link to its precursor source, Anal. Chem., 85, 9400, 10.1021/ac402316d Collins, 2015, A review of some recent studies on the stable isotope profiling of methylamphetamine: Is it a useful adjunct to conventional chemical profiling?, Sci. Justice, 55, 2, 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.08.006 Buchanan, 2010, Role of five synthetic reaction conditions on the stable isotopic composition of 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Anal. Chem., 82, 5484, 10.1021/ac1002432 Carter, 2002, Isotopic characterisation of 3, 4- methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (ecstasy), Analyst, 127, 830, 10.1039/b201496n Coplen, 2006, New guidelines for δ13C measurements, Anal. Chem., 78, 2439, 10.1021/ac052027c Cormick, 2021, A survey of novel MDA and MDMA precursors by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Forens. Chem., 24, 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100341 Cormick, 2021, A survey of amphetamine type stimulant nitrogen sources by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Forens. Chem., 26, 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100353 Casale, 2005, Isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen during the illicit processing of cocaine and heroin in South America, J. Forensic Sci., 50, 1 David, 2010, Isotope fractionation during precipitation of methamphetamine HCl and discrimination of seized forensic samples, Forensic Sci. Int., 200, 123, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.043 Cormick, 2022, Isotope fractionation during the synthesis of MDMA.HCl from helional, Forensic Chem., 28, 100406, 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100406 Meikle, 2019, A stable isotope ratio approach to investigate the origins of illicit methylamphetamine in Queensland, Australia, Forens. Chem., 16, 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100174 Carter, 2013, “Do it yourself” reference materials for δ13C determinations by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 4959, 10.1007/s00216-013-6851-z Carter, 2009, Results of four inter-laboratory comparisons provided by the Forensic Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS) network, Sci. Justice, 49, 127, 10.1016/j.scijus.2008.12.002 Committee, 2013, AMCTB No 55, Anal. Methods, 5, 1901 Brereton, 2007 Vanaja, 2007, Design of Experiments: Concept and Applications of Plackett Burman Design, Clin. Res. Regul. Affairs, 24, 1, 10.1080/10601330701220520 Wang, 2010, Thermal decomposition pathways of hydroxylamine: theoretical investigation on the initial steps, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 9262, 10.1021/jp104144x Wei, 2004, Thermal runaway reaction hazards and mechanisms of hydroxylamine with acid/base contaminants, Thermochim. Acta, 421, 1, 10.1016/j.tca.2004.02.012 Barnette, 2011, Hydrogen and oxygen isotope values in hydrogen peroxide, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 1422, 10.1002/rcm.5004