The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system
Tóm tắt
Hydrogen has been ‘just around the corner’ for decades, but now offers serious alternatives for decarbonising global heat, power and transport.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
US Department of Energy , The Green Hydrogen Report , NREL, 1995
World Energy Council , World Energy Issues Monitor , 2017
N. Cackett , Honda Clarity FCV review , https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/honda/clarity-fcv
Hydrogen Council , Hydrogen scaling up: a sustainable pathway for the global energy transition , 2017
D. Hart , J.Howes , B.Madden and E.Boyd , Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Opportunities for Growth. A Roadmap for the UK , E4Tech and Element Energy , 2016
J. W. Sheffield and Ç.Sheffield , Assessment of Hydrogen Energy for Sustainable Development , Springer Netherlands , 2007
Coalition study , A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis , McKinsey & Company , 2010
REN21 , Renewables Global Status Report , 2017
DECC , Provisional UK greenhouse gas emissions national statistics 2015 , 2016
CCC , The Fifth Carbon Budget: The next step towards a low-carbon economy , 2015
World Resources Institute , CAIT Climate Data Explorer , http://cait.wri.org
E4Tech , The Fuel Cell Industry Review , 2017
G. Strbac , M.Aunedi , D.Pudjianto , F.Teng , P.Djapic , R.Druce , A.Carmel and K.Borkowski , Value of Flexibility in a Decarbonised Grid and System Externalities of Low-Carbon Generation Technologies , NERA Economic Consulting , 2015
KPMG , 2050 Energy Scenarios: The UK Gas Networks role in a 2050 whole energy system , KPMG, 2016
I. Staffell , P.Dodds , D.Scamman , A.Velazquez Abad , N. M.Dowell , K.Ward , P.Agnolucci , L.Papageorgiou , N.Shah and P.Ekins , The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Future Energy Systems , H2FC Supergen , 2017
Energy Information Administration , International Energy Outlook , 2017
ECC Select Committee , Government to miss 2020 renewable energy targets , 2016
CCC , Meeting Carbon Budgets – 2016 Progress Report to Parliament , 2016
Norsk Elbil Forening , Elbilsalget: Ned i fjor – venter ny vekst i år, http://elbil.no/elbilsalget-ned-i-fjor-venter-ny-vekst-i-ar/
Next Greencar , Electric car market statistics, http://www.nextgreencar.com/electric-cars/statistics/
EEA , Air quality in Europe—2016 report , European Environment Agency, Luxembourg, 2016
D. D. Heather Walton , S.Beevers , M.Williams , P.Watkiss and A.Hunt , Understanding the Health Impacts of Air Pollution in London , King's College London , London , 2015
European Commission , A Clean Air Programme for Europe , 2013
WHO , Country estimates on air pollution exposure and health impact , 2016
UN , Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development , United Nations General Assembly, New York, 2015
M. McGrath , Four major cities move to ban diesel vehicles by 2025 , BBC News, 2016
DEFRA , Plan for roadside NO 2 concentrations published , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/defra-no2
Reuters , France to end sale of diesel and gasoline vehicles by 2040 , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/reuters-france-diesel-ban
D. Hart , J.Howes , F.Lehner , P.Dodds , N.Hughes , B.Fais , N.Sabio and M.Crowther , Scenarios for deployment of hydrogen in contributing to meeting carbon budgets and the 2050 target , 2015
A. Stewart and T.Dodson , Low carbon cars in the 2020s: Consumer impacts and EU policy implications , Element Energy , Brussels , 2016
Autocar , Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell review , 2015, https://tinyurl.com/autocar-ix35
Green Car Reports , Toyota Mirai Priced At $57,500, With $499 Monthly Lease , 2016, https://tinyurl.com/greencar-mirai
Renault , ZOE – Models & prices , 2018, https://www.renault.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/zoe-250/models-and-prices.html
Nissan , 2017 Leaf Specs , 2017, https://www.nissanusa.com/electric-cars/leaf/versions-specs/version.s.html
Bloomberg , Driverless Cars Are Giving Engineers a Fuel Economy Headache , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y92aqxu2
M. Melaina and M.Penev , Hydrogen Station Cost Estimates , NREL , 2013
Cleantech Canada , Ontario to get first public hydrogen fueling stations as feds shell out $1.6M , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yaj7kgxv
Rolec , Rolec Electric Vehicle Charging Stations , 2017, http://www.rolecserv.com/ev-charging
H. Ammermann , Y.Ruf , S.Lange , D.Fundulea and A.Martin , Fuel Cell Electric Buses – Potential for Sustainable Public Transport in Europe , 2015
J. Marcinkoski , J.Spendelow , A.Wilson and D.Papageorgopoulos , Fuel Cell System Cost – 2015 , US Department of Energy, 2015
Hydrogen Council , How hydrogen empowers the energy transition , 2017
J. Harvey , Platinum's fuel-cell car bonanza proves elusive , 2018, https://tinyurl.com/reuters-fcev-platinum
International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers , OICA Sales Statistics , 2017, http://www.oica.net/category/sales-statistics/
D. Becker , M.Pawelke , P.Schalk , A.Feege , U.Bergmann , G.Silberg , S. H.Wi , M.Komikado and H.-H.Tran , Global Automotive Executive Survey 2018 , KPMG , 2018
L. Mearian , Hydrogen refueling stations for cars to reach 5,000 by 2032, in Computerworld , 2017
Toyota , Toyota moves to expand mass-production of fuel cell stacks and hydrogen tanks towards ten-fold increase post-2020 , 2018, https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/22647198.html
Daimler , New “Hydrogen Council” launches in Davos , 2017
Zap-Map , 2017, https://www.zap-map.com/
J. Murray , Electric vehicle charge points to outnumber petrol stations by 2020, say Nissan , The Guardian , Manchester , 2016
Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik and TÜV SÜD , Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Worldwide , 2017, https://www.netinform.de/H2/H2Stations/Default.aspx
UK H2Mobility , Phase 1 Results , London, UK , 2013
GLA , Draft Mayor's Transport Strategy , Greater London Authority, 2017
Cars UK , An extra 60 Hyundai ix35 Hydrogen Fuel Cell taxis for Paris – will grow to a fleet of hundreds, Cars UK , 2016
J. Spendelow and D.Papageorgopoulos , Fuel Cell Bus Targets , US Department of Energy , 2012
J. Marcinkoski , A.Wilson and D.Papageorgopoulos , On-Road Fuel Cell Stack Durability , US Department of Energy , 2016
L. Eudy , M.Post and M.Jeffers , Zero Emission Bay Area (ZEBA) Fuel Cell Bus Demonstration Results: Fifth Report , 2016
US Department of Energy, Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles , 2017, http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_sbs.shtml
L. Eudy , M.Post and M.Jeffers , Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2016 , NREL , Golden, CO , 2016
FCH-JU , Urban buses: alternative powertrains for Europe , 2012
N. Brahy , Fuel Cell Electric Buses – Potential for Sustainable Public Transport in Europe , 2015
B. Madden , London hydrogen buses and the CHIC project , All-Energy , 2016
Toyota , Toyota to Start Sales of Fuel Cell Buses under the Toyota Brand from Early 2017 , 2016
E4Tech , The Fuel Cell Industry Review , 2016
N. O. Pearson , China's Buses Bolster Ballard's Three-Decade Quest for Hydrogen , Bloomberg , 2017
F. Lambert , Shenzhen shows the world how it's done, electrifies all public transit with massive fleet of 16,000+ electric buses , https://electrek.co/2017/12/28/shenzhen-electrifies-entire-public-transit-fleet-electric-buses/ , (accessed 1st September, 2018)
Tesla , Semi , 2017, https://www.tesla.com/semi
Kenworth , Kenworth Receives $8.6 Million in Grants for Low-Emission T680 Day Cab Drayage Truck Projects in California , 2016, http://tinyurl.com/zm84j3d
Forbes , Toyota Rolls Out Hydrogen Semi Ahead Of Tesla's Electric Truck , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/ljs9xke
Nikola Motor Company , Nikola One: Electric Sleeper Semi-Truck , 2016, https://nikolamotor.com/one
Edie , World's largest brewer orders 800 hydrogen-electric trucks , 2018, http://www.edie.net/news/6/World-s-largest-brewer-orders-800-hydrogen-electric-trucks/
Intelligent Energy , Met trials hydrogen powered scooters , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yddjx4yl
Alstom , Alstom unveils its zero-emission train Coradia iLint at InnoTrans , 2016
S. Thompson , International Association for Hydrogen Energy Electronic Newsletter , 2016, vol. 8(6)
B. Gerrard , French train giant Alstom set to make UK's first hydrogen fleet at British site , Telegraph, 2018, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/05/14/french-train-giant-alstom-set-make-uks-first-hydrogen-fleet/
Ballard Power Systems , Ballard Signs Framework Agreement for Fuel Cell Module Development to Power Trams in China , 2015
H. Burley , World's first hydrogen ferry to be built in Scotland , 2018, http://www.scotsman.com/news/world-s-first-hydrogen-ferry-to-be-built-in-scotland-1-4759942
E. Baldassari , Hydrogen-powered ferry? National lab says it's possible, though costly , East Bay Times , 2016
ICAO , Historic agreement reached to mitigate international aviation emissions , International Civil Aviation Organization, 2016
C. Gonzalez , The Future of Electric Hybrid Aviation , Machine Design , 2016
IPCC , Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Cambridge University Press , 2013
C. Lawson , eTaxi Fuel Cell System – Feasibility for Low Cost Carriers , Royal Aeronautical Society , London , 2016
US Department of Energy , Industry Deployed Fuel Cell-Powered Lift Trucks , 2016
M. W. Ahmad Mayyas , S. H.Chan and T.Lipman , Fuel Cell Forklift Deployment in the US , NREL, 2014
Ballard Power Systems , Economics of Fuel Cell Solutions for Material Handling , 2010
New Holland, NH2 Hydrogen Tractor , 2017, http://www.newholland.co.nz/?id=155
International Energy Agency , Energy Technology Perspectives , OECD/IEA , Paris , 2016
B. Lapillonne and K.Pollier , ODYSSEE-MURE: Energy Efficiency Trends for households in the EU , Enerdata , 2014
N. Eyre , Decarbonising Heat, Oxford Energy Expert Meeting , London , 2016
I. Staffell , I.Hamilton and R.Green , in Domestic Microgeneration: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies, Policies and Economics , ed. I. Staffell , D. J. L. Brett , N. P. Brandon and A. D. Hawkes , Routledge , London , 2015
I. Staffell , D. J. L.Brett , N. P.Brandon and A. D.Hawkes , Domestic Microgeneration: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies, Policies and Economics , Routledge , London , 2015
BEIS , Baroness Neville-Rolfe's speech at Policy Exchange's Heat Summit , 2016
Z. B. Richard Howard , Too Hot to Handle? How to decarbonise domestic heating , Policy Exchange, 2016
P. E. Dodds , A.Hawkes , W.McDowall , F.Li , I.Staffell , P.Grünewald , T.Kansara , P.Ekins and P.Agnolucci , The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in providing affordable, secure low-carbon heat , H2FC SUPERGEN , London , 2014
CCC , Next steps for UK heat policy , Committee on Climate Change, 2016
R. Hanna , B.Parrish and R.Gross , Best practice in heat decarbonisation policy: a review of the international experience of policies to promote the uptake of low-carbon heat supply , UKERC Working Paper, 2016
GEA , Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future , Cambridge University Press , 2012
O. Edenhofer , R.Pichs-Madruga , Y.Sokona , E.Farahani , S.Kadner , K.Seyboth , A.Adler , I.Baum , S.Brunner , P.Eickemeier , B.Kriemann , J.Savolainen , S.Schlömer , C. V.Stechow , T.Zwickel and J. C.Minx , Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Cambridge University Press , 2014
European Climate Foundation , Roadmap 2050: A Practical Guide to a Prosperous, Low Carbon Europe , 2010
Ofgem , Future Insights Series: The Decarbonisation of Heat , 2016
K. MacLean , R.Sansom , T.Watson and R.Gross , Comparing the impacts and costs of transitions in heat infrastructure , 2016
International Energy Agency , World Energy Balances , ESDS International, University of Manchester, 2012
DECC , Heat Networks Investment Project Consultation: Capital Funding For Building Heat Networks , 2016
L. Lidstone , UK Networks Transition Challenges: Heat , Energy Technologies Institute , 2016
Staffell, 2010, Proceedings of the ICE – Energy, 163, 143
I. Staffell and I.Hamilton , in Domestic Microgeneration: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies, Policies and Economics , ed. I. Staffell , D. J. L. Brett , N. P. Brandon and A. D. Hawkes , Routledge , London , 2015
US Census Bureau , Annual Characteristics of New Housing , 2014
DECC , The Future of Heating: Meeting the challenge , Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2013
J. Palmer and I.Cooper , United Kingdom housing energy fact file , Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2013
CCC , Meeting Carbon Budgets: Closing the policy gap. 2017 Report to Parliament , 2017
J. Hodges , W.Geary , S.Graham , P.Hooker and R.Goff , Injecting hydrogen into the gas network – a literature search , Health and Safety Laboratory , Buxton , 2015
M. Dorrington , M.Lewitt , I.Summerfield , P.Robson and J.Howes , Desk study on the development of a hydrogen-fired appliance supply chain , Kiwa & E4 Tech , 2016
I. Staffell and E.Entchev , in Domestic Microgeneration: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies, Policies and Economics , ed. I. Staffell , D. J. L. Brett , N. P. Brandon and A. D. Hawkes , Routledge , London , 2015
IRENA , Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series. Volume 1, Issue 4: Solar Photovoltaics , 2012
Panasonic , Launch of New 'Ene-Farm' Home Fuel Cell Product More Affordable and Easier to Install , 2013
Y. Nagata , Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems ∼ Commercialization of Residential FC in Japan , in FCH-JU General Assembly , Brussels, 2013
K. Kuwaba , Development of SOFC for Residential Use by Aisin Seiki , in 9th FC Expo. , Tokyo, 2013
Osaka Gas , Long-term durability data for single-cell , 2012, http://tinyurl.com/osaka-sofc-longterm
A. Ballhausen , BlueGen: Vom Feldversuch in den Markt (From Field Tests to Market) , in NIP General Assembly , Berlin, 2013
S. Kawamura , IPHE Country Update: Japan , in 28th IPHE Steering Committee Meeting , The Hague, Netherlands, 2017
M. Wei , S. H.Chan , A.Mayyas and T.Lipman , in Fuel Cells: Data, Facts, and Figures , ed. D. Stolten , R. C. Samsun and N. Garland , Wiley VCH , 2016
A. Maruta , Japan's ENE-FARM programme , in Fuel cells: Why is Austria not taking off? , 2016
R. Berger , Advancing Europe's energy systems: stationary fuel cells in distributed generation , European Commission: FCH-JU , 2015
D. Stolten , R. C.Samsun and N.Garland , Fuel Cells – Data, Facts and Figures , Wiley-VCH , Weinheim , 2015
ExxonMobil and FuelCell Energy, Inc. , Pursue Novel Technology in Carbon Capture , 2016, https://tinyurl.com/exxon-fuelcell-energy
International Energy Agency , CO2Emissions from Fuel Combustion , 2016
BP , BP Statistical Review of World Energy , 2017
International Energy Agency , World Energy Outlook , Paris, 2016
Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project , Pathways to deep decarbonization 2015 report , SDSN – IDDRI, 2015
IPCC , Climate Change 2014 – Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2014
IPCC , Climate Change 2014. Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers , 2014
Royal Academy of Engineering , Counting the cost: the economic and social costs of electricity shortfalls in the UK , 2014
Platts , World Electric Power Plants Database , 2016
Fuel Cell Today , The Industry Review 2011 , 2011
U.S. Department of Energy , 2007 Fuel Cell Technologies Market Report , 2007
K.-A. Adamson , The Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Annual Review , 2016, http://tinyurl.com/4ew-fchar
E. Wessof , Fuel Cells 2016: ‘Within Striking Distance of Profiability’ , 2016, http://tinyurl.com/zmmkecb
Energy Technologies Institute , The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system , Energy Technologies Institute , Loughborough, UK , 2015
EPA , Catalog of CHP Technologies , US Environmental Protection Agency , 2008
Osaka Gas , Review of Operations , 2012
Bloom Energy , ES-5700 Energy Server Data Sheet , 2017, http://www.bloomenergy.com/fuel-cell/es-5700-data-sheet/
New York Times , A Maker of Fuel Cells Blooms in California , 2010, http://tinyurl.com/j5csg7w
Bloom Energy , NASA™ Technology Comes to Earth , 2017, http://www.bloomenergy.com/about/company-history/
R. Smith , 3 Top Hydrogen Fuel Cell Stocks You Can Buy Right Now , 2016, http://www.fool.com/investing/2016/11/28/should-you-invest-in-a-fuel-cell-stock.aspx
S. Letendre , P.Denholm and P.Lilienthal , Electric & Hybrid Cars: New Load, or New Resource? , in Public Utilities Fortnightly , 2006
EREC , Re-thinking 2050: A 100% renewable energy vision for the European Union , European Renewable Energy Council , 2013
W. Kempton , T.Jasna , L.Steven , B.Alec and L.Timothy , Vehicle-to-Grid Power: Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power in California , California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency , 2001
G. Strbac , M.Aunedi , D.Pudjianto , P.Djapic , F.Teng , A.Sturt , D.Jackravut , R.Sansom , V.Yufit and N.Brandon , Strategic Assessment of the Role and Value of Energy Storage Systems in the UK Low Carbon Energy Future , Carbon Trust , London, UK , 2012
F. Moura , Driving Energy System Transformation with “Vehicle-to-Grid” Power , IIASA , 2006
L. Bertuccioli , A.Chan , D.Hart , F.Lehner , B.Madden and E.Standen , Study on development of water electrolysis in the EU , 2014
G. Reiter , in Fuel Cells – Data, Facts and Figures , ed. D. Stolten , R. C. Samsun and N. Garland , Wiley-VCH , Weinheim , 2015
Sabatier, 1902, Comptes Rendus, 134, 514
M. Lehner , R.Tichler , H.Steinmüller and M.Koppe , Power-to-Gas: Technology and Business Models , Springer International Publishing , 2014
M. Jentsch , T.Trost , M.Sterner and Eurosolar , 8th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference and Exhibition (Ires 2013) , 2014, vol. 46, pp. 254–261
M. Sterner and M.Jentsch , Energiewirtschaftliche und ökologische Bewertungeines Windgas-Angebotes , 2011
International Gas Union , Triennium 2009–2012. Working Committee 2: Underground Gas Storage. WOC2 Final Report , 2012
W. Vanhoudt , F.Barth , J.-C.Lanoix , J.Neave , P. R.Schmidt , W.Weindorf , T.Raksha , J.Zerhusen and J.Michalski , Power-to-gas: short term and long term opportunities to leverage synergies between the electricity and transport sectors through power-to-hydrogen , Munich , 2016
FCH-JU , Commercialisation of Energy Storage in Europe , 2015
National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering , The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs , The National Academies Press , Washington, DC , 2004
Royal Society Policy Briefing , Options for producing low-carbon hydrogen at scale , 2018
OECD/IEA , IEA Energy Technology Essentials: Hydrogen Production & Distribution , 2007
A. A. Evers , Actual Worldwide Hydrogen Production , 2008, http://tinyurl.com/89h9zot
MarketsandMarkets , Hydrogen Generation Market – by Merchant & Captive Type, Distributed & Centralized Generation, Application & Technology – Trends & Global Forecasts (2011–2016) , 2011
K. Wawrzinek and C.Keller , Industrial Hydrogen Production & Technology , FuncHy-Workshop , Karlsruhe, Germany , 2007
J. Mougin , Compendium of Hydrogen Energy , Woodhead Publishing , Oxford , 2015 , pp. 225–253
Muhich, 2016, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Energy Environ., 5, 261
R. S. Poudyal , I.Tiwari , A. R.Koirala , H.Masukawa , K.Inoue , T.Tomo , M. M.Najafpour , S. I.Allakhverdiev and T. N.Veziroğlu , Compendium of Hydrogen Energy , Woodhead Publishing , Oxford , 2015 , pp. 289–317
D. J. L. Brett , E.Agante , N. P.Brandon , E.Brightman , R. J. C.Brown , M.Manage and I.Staffell , in Functional materials for sustainable energy applications , ed. J. Kilner , S. Skinner , S. Irvine and P. Edwards , Woodhead Publishing , Cambridge , 2012
D. Sadler , A.Cargill , M.Crowther , A.Rennie , J.Watt , S.Burton , M.Haines , J.Trapps , M.Hand , R.Pomroy , K.Haggerty , I.Summerfield and M.Evans , H21 Leeds City Gate: 100% hydrogen conversion feasibility study , 2016, http://tinyurl.com/leeds-H21
Hirschhausen, 2012, Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, 1, 115
R. Matthews , N.Mortimer , J. P.Lesschen , T. J.Lindroos , L.Sokka , A.Morris , P.Henshall , C.Hatto , O.Mwabonje , J.Rix , E.Mackie and M.Sayce , Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU: quantitative assessment , The European Commission DG ENER/C1/427, 2015
US Department of Energy , Hydrogen Production: Electrolysis , 2016
US Department of Energy , Future Central Hydrogen Production from Solid Oxide Electrolysis , 2015
K. Wipke , S.Sprik , J.Kurtz , T.Ramsden , C.Ainscough and G.Saur , Status of U.S. FCEV and Infrastructure Learning Demonstration Project , in The FY2010 JHFC International Seminar , Tokyo, 2011
National Renewable Energy Laboratory , CDP#13: On-Site Hydrogen Production Efficiency , 2010
National Renewable Energy Laboratory , CDP#60: On-Site Hydrogen Production Efficiency vs. Capacity Utilization , 2010
M. Monde and K.Saito , WG1: Hydrogen Infrastructure , JHFC International Seminar , Tokyo, Japan, 2011
J. Tomuro , Hydrogen Stations – JHFC Activities in FY2008 , IPHE 11th ILC Meeting , Oslo, Norway, 2009
K. Okazaki , Operation Results and Efficiency Evaluation of JHFC Hydrogen Stations , The 4th JHFC Seminar , Tokyo, 2005
R. Hanke-Rauschenbach , B.Bensmann and P.Millet , Compendium of Hydrogen Energy , Woodhead Publishing , Oxford , 2015 , pp. 179–224
G. Parks , R.Boyd , J.Cornish and R.Remick , Hydrogen Station Compression, Storage, and Dispensing Technical Status and Costs , NREL , Golden, CO , 2014
M. Gardiner , Energy Requirements for Hydrogen Gas Compression and Liquefaction as Related to Vehicle Storage Needs , 2009
IEA , Technology Roadmap: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , International Energy Agency , Paris, France , 2015
LCICG , Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA): Hydrogen for Transport , Low Carbon Innovation Coordination Group , 2014
F. Di Bella , Development of a Centrifugal Hydrogen Pipeline Gas Compressor , US Department of Energy , 2015
US Department of Energy , Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan. Section 3.2 – Hydrogen Delivery , Fuel Cell Technologies Office, US Department of Energy , 2015
HyET , 2011
A. Kitchener , Bridging the pressure gap , The Future of CAES in the UK , London , 2016
International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14687-2:2012, https://www.iso.org/standard/55083.html
M. Hamdan , High Efficiency Large PEM Electrolyzers , in the H2FC Fair, Hannover Messe, 2014
M. W. Melaina , O.Antonia and M.Penev , Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks: A Review of Key Issues , NREL , 2013
D. Sadler , A.Cargill , M.Crowther , A.Rennie , J.Watt , S.Burton , M.Haines , J.Trapps , M.Hand , R.Pomroy , K.Haggerty , I.Summerfield and M.Evans , H21 Leeds City Gate: 100% hydrogen conversion feasibility study , 2016
D. Hart , J.Howes , B.Madden and E.Boyd , Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Opportunities for Growth. A Roadmap for the UK , E4Tech and Element Energy , 2016
A. Kotchourko , D.Baraldi , P.Bénard , N.Eisenreich , T.Jordan , J.Keller , A.Kessler , J.LaChance , V.Molkov , M.Steen and A.Tchouvelev , State of the art and research priorities in hydrogen safety , Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) , 2014
R. P. Gangloff and B. P.Somerday , Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies , Woodhead Publishing , 2012
I. Staffell , The Energy and Fuel Data Sheet , 2011, http://tinyurl.com/energy-fuel-data-sheet
Ispos MORI and Energy Saving Trust , Homeowners' Willingness To Take Up More Efficient Heating Systems , DECC , London , 2013
A. Vaughan , Trial to phase in hydrogen as fuel to begin in north-west , The Guardian, 2017
Cadent , HyNet North West , https://hynet.co.uk/
T. I. Williams , A History of the British Gas Industry , Oxford University Press , Oxford, UK , 1981
The Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute , CCS Ready Policy: Considerations and Recommended Practices for Policymakers
Policy Connect , Next Steps for the Gas Grid , 2017
M.-R. d. Valladares , Global trends and outlook for hydrogen , Inernational Energy Agency , 2017
ITM Power , National Grid , Shell , SSE , Scotia Gas Networks and Kiwa , Power-To-Gas: A UK Feasibility Study , ITM Power , Sheffield , 2013
Nissan , 2016
L. Klebanoff , Hydrogen Storage Technology: Materials and Applications , CRC Press , Boca Raton, FL , 2016
Hydrogenious Technologies , Hydrogenious Release BOX , 2016
Toyota , Toyota Mirai technical specifications vs. FCHV-adv , 2014, http://blog.toyota.co.uk/toyota-mirai-technical-specifications-vs-fchv-adv
B. D. James , W. G.Colella and J. M.Moton , Hydrogen Storage Cost Analysis , DOE Annual Merit Review , Arlington, VA , 2013
European Commission , DIRECTIVE2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure , European Commission , Brussels , 2014
European Commission , DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC , European Commission: Brussels , 2009
European Commission , Proposal for a directive of the european parliament and of the council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) , Brussels , European Commission, 2016
European Commission , Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast) , European Commission, Brussels , 2017
US Department of Energy , Federal Laws and Incentives for Hydrogen , 2017, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/laws/HY/US
HM Government and Automotive council UK , Industrial Strategy: Automotive Sector Deal , 2018
R. Steinberger-Wilckens , J.Radcliffe , N.Al-Mufachi , P. E.Dodds , A.Velazquez Abad , O.Jones and Z.Kurban , The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in delivering energy security for the UK , H2FC Supergen , London, UK , 2017
M. J. Smith , O.Alabi , N.Hughes , P. E.Dodds , K.Turner and J. T. S.Irvine , The economic impact of hydrogen and fuel cells in the UK , H2FC Supergen , London, UK , 2017
Chinese State Council , Made in China 2025 , 2015
ANRE , Summary of the Strategic Road Map for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , METI , 2014
METI , Japan's Energy White Paper , 2017, http://www.meti.go.jp/english/report/downloadfiles/energy_hakusho_201711.pdf
DfT and OLEV £23 million boost for hydrogen-powered vehicles and infrastructure , D.f. Transport, O.f.L.E. Vehicles, 2017
Defra and DfT , Plan for roadside NO 2 concentrations published in Plan includes an end to the sale of all new conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040 and a new Clean Air Fund , 2017
Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire , Mobilités et transports: quelles priorités? 2017
VVD , CDA , D66 and CU , Confidence in the Future. 2017–2021 Coalition Agreement , 2017
NEA , Climate mitigation measures up to 2030 – short term climate effects and health effects , Oslo , 2016
U. Irfan , Lack of Cheap, Clean Hydrogen Slows Fuel-Cell Cars , in Scientific American, 2016
EERE, Cumulative U.S. Fuel Cell Vehicle Sales , 2017, https://tinyurl.com/eere-fact-17-01
X. Pan , IPHE Country Update March 2017: China , International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy , Brussels , 2017
Delta-ee , Micro-CHP Annual Roundup , 2012
IPHE , 27th Steering Committee Meeting: Country Reports , 2017, http://www.iphe.net/events/meetings/SC_27.html
E. Ohira , Private communication of Japanese representative to the IEA Hydrogen meeting: Naples , 2017
I. Hara , Current Status of H2 and Fuel Cell Programs of Japan , in 20th IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Fukuoka, Japan, 2013
A. Shimizu , Will Japan's hydrogen dreams come true? , in Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 2017
M. Small , European-wide field trials for residential Fuel Cell micro-Cogeneration , in FCH-JU Programme Review Days, Brussels, 2017
B. Biebuyck , EU policy & micro-CHP , IPHE , 2016
W. Ling , Latest Development of China's Hydrogen Energy , in World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 2018
METI , Compilation of the Revised Version of the Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , 2016
BMVI , Fortsetzung des Nationalen Innovationsprogramms Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellentechnologie (NIP) 2016–2026 , BMVI , Berlin , 2016
NOW , Hydrogen as an electricity-based clean fuel in transport , 2016
P. Rosner and G.Appel , Bosch Fuel Cell System Experience in Austria and Germany , 2016, https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam_en/pdf/fuelcells/Appel_Rosner.pdf
NOW , Hydrogen as an electricity-based clean fuel in transport , 2016, https://www.now-gmbh.de/en/news/press/hydrogen-as-an-electricity-based-clean-fuel-in-transport
B. Acosta Iborra , E.Gupta and L.Seissler , 4th International Workshop on Hydrogen Infrastructure and Transportation , Report EUR 28242 EN, JRC, Luxemburg, 2016
US Department of Energy , Federal Legislation Supports and Advances Alternative Fuels , 2016, https://www.afdc.energy.gov/bulletins/2016_10_11_Fed_Advances.html
MOTIE , Korean government to increase the number of eco-friendly cars to one million by 2020 , 2015, https://tinyurl.com/MOTIE-2015-12-08
HM Government , Industrial Strategy: Automotive Sector Deal 2017 , https://tinyurl.com/ybah838e
T. Karlsson , Developments and Drivers for Fuel Cells Electric Mobility , in 2017 International Forum on Electric Vehicle Pilot Cities and Industrial Development, 2017
US Department of Energy , Hydrogen Fueling Station Locations , 2018, https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/hydrogen_locations.html
Certifhy , Developing a European Framework for the generation of guarantees of origin for green hydrogen , Hinicio, Brussels , 2016
M. Yamazumi and S.Kawamura , IPHE Country Update November 2016: Japan , IPHE , 2016
S. Ko , IPHE Country Update May 2016: Korea , IPHE , 2016