The paradox of low body mass index and high body fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
WHO . Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3–5 June, 1997, WHO/NUT/NCD/98.1. WHO: Geneva 1998.
Lukaski HC . Methods for the assessment of human body composition: traditional and new Am J Clin Nutr 1987 46: 537–556.
Deurenberg P . The assessment of body composition: use and misuse Annual Report Nestlé Foundation 1992, 35–72.
Dempster P, Aitkens S . A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995 27: 419–425.
Wang ZM, Deurenberg P, Wang W, Pietrobelli A, Baumgartner RM, Heymsfield SB . Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a classic body composition constant Am J Clin Nutr 1999 69: 833–841.
Jebb SA . Measurement of soft tissue composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Br J Nutr 1997 77: 151–163.
Tothill P, Avenell A, Reid DM . Precision and accuracy of measurements of whole-body bone mineral: comparison between Hologic, Lunar and Norland dual energy X-ray absorptiometers Br J Radiol 1994 67: 1210–1217.
Paton N, Macallan D, Jebb S, Pazianas M, Griffin G . Dual energy X-rays absorptiometry results differ between machines Lancet 1995 346: 899–900.
Heymsfield SB, Wang Z, Baumgartner RN, Ross R . Human body composition: advances in models and methods A Rev Nutr 1997 17: 527–558.
Bray GA . Clinical evaluation of the obese patient Clin Endocr & Metab 1999 13: 71–92.
Lew EA, Garfinkel L . Variations in mortality by weight among 750 000 men and women J Chron Dis 1979 32: 563–576.
WHO . Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a WHO study group. TRS 797 WHO: Geneva 1990.
Wang J, Thornton JC, Russell M, Burastero S, Heymsfield SB, Pierson RN . Asians have lower BMI (BMI) but higher percent body fat than do Whites: comparisons of anthropometric measurements Am J Clin Nutr 1994 60: 23–28.
Guricci S, Hartriyanti Y, Hautvast JGAJ, Deurenberg P . Relationship between body fat and body mass index: differences between Indonesians and Dutch Caucasians Eur J Clin Nutr 1998 52: 779–783.
Gallagher D, Visser M, Sepulveda D, Pierson RN, Harris T, Heymsfield SB . How useful is BMI for comparison of body fatness across age, sex and ethnic groups Am J Epidemiol 1996 143: 228–239.
Deurenberg P, Yap M, Van Staveren WA . Body mass index and percent body fat: a meta analysis among different ethnic groups Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998 22: 1164–1171.
WHO . World Health Statistics 1996 WHO, Geneva 1998.
Deurenberg-Yap M, Tan BY, Chew SK, Deurenberg P, Staveren van WA . Manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors at low levels of body mass index and waist–hip ratio in Singaporean Chinese Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1999 8: 177–183.
Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Wang J, Lin Fu Po, Schmidt G . The impact of body build on the relationship between body mass index and body fat percent Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999 23: 537–542.
Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lichtman SM, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr . Body composition in elderly people: effect of criterion estimates on predictive equations Am J Clin Nutr 1991 53: 1345–1353.
Deurenberg P, Weststrate JA, Seidell JC . Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age and sex specific prediction formulas Br J Nutr 1991 65: 105–114.
Durnin JVGA, Womersley J . Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 17 to 72 years Br J Nutr 1974 32: 77–97.
Lukaski HC, Johnson PE . A simple, inexpensive method of determining total body water using a tracer dose of D2O and infrared absorption of biological fluids Am J Clin Nutr 1985 41: 363–370.
Wang Z-M, Deurenberg P, Guo, SS, Pietrobelli A, Wang J, Pierson RN, Heymsfield SB . Six-compartment body composition model: Inter-method comparison of total body fat measurement Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998 22: 329–337.
SPSS/Windows, Version 8.01. SPSS: Chicago 1998.
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizam A . Applied regression analysis and other multivariate methods, 3rd edn Duxbury Press: Pacific Grove 1998.
Bland JM, Altman DG . Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurements Lancet 1986 I: 307–310.
Lean MEJ, Han TS, Deurenberg P . Predicting body composition by densitometry from simple anthropometric measurements Am J Clin Nutr 1996 63: 4–14.
Guricci S, Hartriyanti Y, Hautvast JGAJ, Deurenberg P . Differences in the relationship between body fat and body mass index between two different Indonesian ethnic groups: the effect of body build Eur J Clin Nutr 1999 53: 468–472.
Stevens NHC . The correlation and prediction of body composition from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measurements in Thai women aged 30 to 39 years Thesis Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 1997.
Tanphainchitr V, Kulapongse S, Pakpeankitvatana R, Leelahagul P, Tamwiwat C, Lochya S . Prevalence of obesity and its associated risks in urban Thais. InOomura Y et al (eds). Progress in Obesity Research John Libbey: London, 1990,pp 649–652.
Deurenberg P, Ge K, Hautvast JGAJ, Wang J . Body mass index as predictor for body fat: comparison between Chinese and Dutch adult subjects Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1997 6: 102–105.
Luke A, Durazo-Arvizzu R, Rotimi C, Prewitt E, Forrester T, Wilks R, Ogunbiyi OL, Schoeller DA, McGee D, Cooper RS . Relation between BMI and body fat in black population samples from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States Am J Epidemiol 1997 145: 620–628.
Swinburn BA, Craig PL, Daniel R, Dent DPD, Strauss BJG . Body composition differences between Polynesians and Caucasians assessed by bioelectrical impedance Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996 20: 889–894.
Norgan NG . Population differences in body composition in relation to BMI Eur J Clin Nutr 1994 48 (Suppl 3): S10–S27.
Norgan NG . Interpretation of low body mass indices: Australian aborigines Am J Physical Anthropol 1994 94: 229–237.
Ministry of Health . Report of the National Health Survey 1998 Epidemiology and Disease Control Department: Singapore 1999.