The instability of Moroccan Jewry and the Moroccan press in the first decade after independence

Samuel L. Haber, “Report on Morocco,”American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Country Directors Conference (Paris, October 1956), pp. 8–9; “The Conditions of the Jews in French North Africa,” a report submitted to the Jewish Agency by a delegate of theMossad le-Aliyah (Tel-Aviv, February 3, 1949) in Hebrew; André Chouraqui,Between East and West: A History of the Jews of North Africa (New York, 1973), pp. 181–82. Samuel L. Haber, “Report on Morocco,”American Jewish Joint Committee Country Directors Conference (Paris, October 1955), p. 16;idem, “Report on Morocco”,American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Country Directors Conference (Paris, October 1956), p. 9; Michael M. Laskier,The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1862–1962 (Albany, 1983), p. 215;idem, “The Jewish Agency and the Jews of Morocco and Tunisia,”The Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies (Jerusalem, forthcoming). Haber, “Report on Morocco,”American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Country Directors Conference (Paris, October 1955), p. 16; Joseph B. Schechtman,On Wings of Eagles: The Plight, Exodus and Homecoming of Oriental Jewry (New York, 1961), pp. 292–93. Hal Lehrmann, “L'EI-Wifaq chez les Juifs marocains: Entente cordiale ou collaboration,”L'Arche 20–21 (août-septembre 1958): 32–36. Laskier,The Alliance Israélite Universelle, pp. 277–78. Ibid, pp. 163–71, 183–87, 210, 220, 335–40; see the treatment of the politial status of the Jews in French Morocco, in André Chouraqui,La condition juridique de L'israélite marocain (Paris, 1950),passim. “Report on Morocco,”American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Country Directors Conference (Paris, October 1957), p. 31. They were supplemented by other integrationists such as Meir Ovadiah, David Azoulay, and Armand Asoulin. Of these, it is known that by 1958 Marc Sabbah had changed some of his positions and expressed disappointment at the attempts to curtail the freedom of movement of Jews. Joe Ohana, for example, continued to be directly or indirectly involved in Moroccan politics and, in 1985, was elected to the Moroccan Assembly. His views then and now remain largely unchanged. He continues to consider himself as a Moroccan first and a Jew second, and fully identifies with the causes of the Palestinian Arabs against Israel. On this subject, see Joe Ohana, “Un communiqué du mouvement national marocain,”Maroc-Presse (Janvier 29, 1956); “Motions sur les Israélites marocains: Le congrés extraordinaire du parti de L'Istiqlāl réuni en séance pléniere,”Al-Istiqlāl (13 Juillet 1956); Schechtman,On Wings of Eagles, pp. 286–88; Laskier,The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, pp. 335–40. On this subject see Laskier, “Zionism and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1956–1962,”Studies in Zionism, 11 (Spring 1985): 124–33. “Morocco,”American Jewish Year Book 63 (1962), p. 354; John Waterbury,The Commander of the Faithful: The Moroccan Political Elite (New York, 1970), p. 219; Laskier, “Zionism and the Jewish Communities of Morocco”, p. 131. See Laskier, “Zionism and the Jewish Communities of Morocco,” 134–35; Samuel Segev,Operation Yakhin (Tel-Aviv, 1984), pp. 192–96; Louis Gravier, “Le ministre chérifien de l'information rejette sur les organisations sionistes la responsabilité du naufrage duPisces”,Le Monde (25 Janvier 1961); André Scemama, “Au Maroc les juifs sont acculés au désespoir,”Le Monde (20 janvier 1961). Laskier, “Zionism”, pp. 135–36; see also, “Morocco”,American-Jewish Year Book 63 (1962), p. 441. “Morocco,”American Jewish Year Book 63 (1962), pp. 441–43. Assemblée générale du comité central marocain du congrés juif mondial, Casablanca, 15 avril 1956, (Arch. CJM Lazarus 5/5603 Maroc). “The Danger of Zionism” (Arabic),Al-'Alam (August 30, 1961). Marc Sabbah and David Azoulay, “Regarding the World Jewish Congress Reunion” (Arabic),Al-'Alam (September 15, 1961). Ibid. K. H., “The World Jewish Congress and the Jewish Communities of Morocco” (Arabic),Al-'Alam (September 17–18, 1961). Ibid. Goldmann argued in Geneva that Algerian Jews, who for the most part had been French citizens since 1870, be given the opportunity to choose between Algerian and French citizenship; see,Le Monde (25 août 1961). Abd al-Rahman Saih, “Spanish Aid to Zionism” (Arabic),Al-Fajr (January 13, 1961). Ibid. On the tract see Laskier, “Zionism and the Jewish Communities of Morocco”, p. 134. “The Israeli Consul in Gibraltar Visits the Northern Region of the Country” (Arabic),Al-'Alam (September 6, 1961). André Scemama, “Au Maroc les juifs sont acculés au désespoir,”Le Monde (20 Janvier 1961). Ibid.