Các cadherin: các phân tử bám dính tế bào điều khiển sự hình thái của động vật
Tóm tắt
Các cadherin là một họ glycoprotein tham gia vào cơ chế bám dính tế bào-còn phụ thuộc vào Ca2+ được phát hiện trong hầu hết các loại mô. Sự ức chế hoạt động của cadherin bằng các kháng thể gây ra sự phân tách các lớp tế bào, cho thấy vai trò quan trọng của các phân tử này trong việc duy trì cấu trúc đa bào. Các cadherin được chia thành các phân nhóm, bao gồm E-, N- và P-cadherin. Mặc dù tất cả các phân nhóm có trọng lượng phân tử tương tự, độ nhạy với Ca2+ và protease, mỗi phân nhóm lại có đặc điểm riêng về phổ phân bố mô và tính đặc hiệu miễn dịch. Phân tích chuỗi axit amin được suy ra từ cDNA mã hóa cho các phân tử này cho thấy chúng là các protein màng tích cực có chiều dài từ 723–748 axit amin và chia sẻ các chuỗi chung; mức độ tương đồng giữa các chuỗi giữa các phân nhóm nằm trong phạm vi 50–60% khi so sánh trong cùng một loài động vật.
Các tế bào L, với rất ít hoạt động cadherin nội sinh, khi chuyển gen cDNA cod cho cadherin đã có được hoạt động kết tụ tác động mạnh. Hình thái của thuộc địa đã bị thay đổi bởi sự biểu hiện ngoại tường của các cadherin từ loại phân tán sang loại chặt chẽ, cung cấp bằng chứng trực tiếp cho vai trò chính của các cadherin trong bám dính tế bào-tế bào. Người ta đã gợi ý rằng các cadherin gắn kết các tế bào thông qua các tương tác đồng loại của chúng tại miền ngoại bào và liên kết với các bó actin tại miền bào tương.
Có vẻ như mỗi phân nhóm cadherin có tính đặc hiệu liên kết và họ phân tử này tham gia vào việc bám dính tế bào-tế bào chọn lọc. Trong sự phát triển, sự biểu hiện của mỗi phân nhóm cadherin được điều tiết không gian-thời gian và liên quan đến nhiều sự kiện hình dạng; ví dụ, sự chấm dứt hoặc khởi đầu biểu hiện của một phân nhóm cadherin trong một tập hợp tế bào nhất định có liên quan đến việc phân tách hoặc kết nối với các tập hợp tế bào khác. Các kháng thể chống cadherin đã cho thấy làm rối loạn sự hình thành của một số cơ quan phôi thai trong ống nghiệm. Những quan sát này gợi ý rằng các cadherin đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc xây dựng các mô và toàn bộ cơ thể động vật.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abercrombie, 1967, Contact inhibition: the phenomenon and its biological implications, Natn. Cancer Inst. Monograph, 26, 249
Aoyama, 1985, Cell adhesion mechanisms in gangliogenesis studied in avian embryo and in a model system, Cell Differ, 17, 247, 10.1016/0045-6039(85)90499-3
Atsumi, 1980, Cell association pattern in aggregates controlled by multiple cell-cell adhesion mechanisms, Dev. Growth & Differ, 22, 133, 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1980.00133.x
Atsumi, 1983, Selective expression of cell type specific cell-cell adhesion molecules in mouse hybrid cells, Differentiation, 24, 140, 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1983.tb01313.x
Baker, 1967, Cytoplasmic filaments and morphogenetic movement in the amphibian neural tube, Devi Biol, 15, 432, 10.1016/0012-1606(67)90036-X
Behrens, 1985, Dissociation of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells by the monoclonal antibody antiArc-1: mechanistic aspects and identification of the antigen as a component related to uvomorulin, J. Cell Biol, 101, 1307, 10.1083/jcb.101.4.1307
Bertoloth, 1980, A cell surface molecule involved in aggregation of embryonic liver cells, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 77, 4831, 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4831
Bixby, 1987, Neurite outgrowth on muscle cell surfaces involves extracellular matrix receptors as well as Camdependent and independent cell adhesion molecules, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 84, 2555, 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2555
Boller, 1985, Cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of adult intestinal epithelial cells, J. Cell Biol, 100, 327, 10.1083/jcb.100.1.327
Brackenbury, 1981, Distinct calcium-independent and calciumdependent adhesion systems of chicken embryonic cells, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 78, 387, 10.1073/pnas.78.1.387
Brackenbury, 1977, Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryos. I. An immunological assay for molecules involved in cell-cell binding, J. biol. Chem, 252, 6835, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39925-8
Cook, 1982, The accessibility of certain proteins on embryonic chick neural retina cells to iodination and tryptic removal is altered by calcium, J. Cell Sci, 55, 85, 10.1242/jcs.55.1.85
Crossin, 1985, Expression sequences of cell adhesion molecules, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 82, 6492, 10.1073/pnas.82.20.6942
Cunningham, 1987, Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing, Science, 236, 799, 10.1126/science.3576199
Cunningham, 1984, Linear organization of the liver cell adhesion molecule L-CAM, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 81, 5787, 10.1073/pnas.81.18.5787
Curtis, 1967, The Cell Surface: Its Molecular Role in Morphogenesis
Damjanov, 1986, Developmentally regulated expression of the cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein cell-CAM 120/80 in periimplantation mouse embryos and extraembryonic membranes, Devi Biol, 116, 194, 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90056-4
Damsky, 1984, Integral membrane glycoproteins in cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion, In The Biology of Glycoproteins, 1, 10.1007/978-1-4684-7464-0_1
Damsky, 1981, Manipulation of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions in mouse mammary tumor epithelia cells using broad spectrum antisera, J. Cell Biol, 89, 173, 10.1083/jcb.89.2.173
Damsky, 1983, Identification and purification of a cell surface glycoprotein mediating intercellular adhesion in embryonic and adult tissue, Cell, 34, 455, 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90379-3
Dan-Sohkawa, 1986, Reconstruction of bipinnaria larvae from dissociated embryonic cells of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 94, 47
Duband, 1987, Adhesion molecules during somitogenesis in the avian embryo, J. Cell Biol, 104, 1361, 10.1083/jcb.104.5.1361
Edelman, 1984, Cell adhesion and morphogenesis: the regulator hypothesis, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 81, 1460, 10.1073/pnas.81.5.1460
Edelman, 1984, Expression of cell adhesion molecules during embryogenesis and regeneration, Expl Cell Res, 161, 1, 10.1016/0014-4827(85)90485-9
Edelman, 1983, Early epochal maps of two different cell adhesion molecules, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 80, 4384, 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4384
Gallin, 1986, Antibodies to liver cell adhesion molecule perturb inductive interactions and alter feather pattern and structure, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 83, 8235, 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8235
Gallin, 1983, Characterization of L-CAM, a major cell adhesion molecule from embryonic liver cells, Proc, natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 80, 1038, 10.1073/pnas.80.4.1038
Gallin, 1985, Isolation of a cDNA clone for the liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM), Proc, natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 82, 2809, 10.1073/pnas.82.9.2809
Gallin, 1987, Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the liver cell adhesion molecule, L-CAM, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 84, 2808, 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2808
Geiger, 1979, A 130K protein from chicken gizzard: Its localization at the termini of microfilament bundles in cultured chicken cells, Cell, 18, 193, 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90368-4
Gibralter, 1985, Dual adhesion systems of chick myoblasts, Devi Biol, 112, 292, 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90400-2
Grumet, 1984, Polypeptide components and binding function of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecules, Proc, natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 81, 7989, 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7989
Grunwald, 1981, Enzymatic dissection of embryonic cell adhesive mechanisms. II. Developmental regulation of an endogenous adhesive system in the chick neural retina, Devi Biol, 86, 327, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90190-1
Grunwald, 1980, Enzymatic dissection of embryonic cell adhesive mechanisms, J. Cell Biol, 85, 766, 10.1083/jcb.85.3.766
Grunwald, 1982, Enzymatic dissection of embryonic cell adhesive mechanisms. III. Immunological identification of a component of the calcium-dependent adhesive system of embryonic chick neural retina cells, J. Cell Sci, 55, 69, 10.1242/jcs.55.1.69
Guidice, 1962, Reconstitution of whole larvae from dissociated cells of sea urchin embryos, Devi Biol, 5, 402, 10.1016/0012-1606(62)90021-0
Gumbiner, 1986, A functional assay for proteins involved in establishing an epithelial occluding barrier: Identification of a uvomorulin-like polypeptides, J. Cell Biol, 102, 457, 10.1083/jcb.102.2.457
Hatta, 1985, A monoclonal antibody disrupting calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion of brain tissues: Possible role of its target antigen in animal pattern formation, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 82, 2789, 10.1073/pnas.82.9.2789
Hatta, 1987, Spatial and temporal expression pattern of N-cadherin cell adhesion molecules correlated with morphogenetic processes of chicken embryos, Devi Biol, 120, 215, 10.1016/0012-1606(87)90119-9
Hatta, 1988, Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a neural calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule: Its identity in the cadherin gene family, J. Cell Biol, (in press), 10.1083/jcb.106.3.873
Hatta, 1986, Expression of N-cadherin adhesion molecule associated with early morphogenetic events in chick development, Nature, Lond, 320, 447, 10.1038/320447a0
Hirano, 1987, Calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins): Subclass-specificities and possible involvement of actin bundles, J. Cell Biol, 105, 2501, 10.1083/jcb.105.6.2501
Hoffman, 1983, Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci, U.S.A, 80, 5762, 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5762
Hyafil, 1981, Cell-cell interactions in early embryogenesis: A molecular approach to the role of calcium, Cell, 26, 447, 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90214-2
Hyafil, 1980, A cell surface glycoprotein involved in the compaction of embryonic carcinoma cells and cleavage stage embryos, Cell, 21, 927, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90456-0
Johnson, 1986, The role of cell adhesion in the synchronization and orientation of polarization in 8-cell mouse blastomeres, J. Embryol. exp. Morph, 93, 239
Kanno, 1984, Monoclonal antibody ECCD-1 inhibits intercellular communication in teratocarcinoma PCC3 cells, Expl Cell Res, 152, 270, 10.1016/0014-4827(84)90253-2
Kemler, 1977, Surface antigen in early differentiation, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 74, 4449, 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4449
Knudsen, 1985, The calcium-dependent myoblasts adhesion that precedes cell fusion is mediated by glycoproteins, J. Cell Biol, 101, 891, 10.1083/jcb.101.3.891
Magnani, 1981, Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells. I. A kinetic analysis, Devi Biol, 81, 96, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90351-1
Moscona, 1952, Dissociation and aggregation of cells from organ rudiments of the early chick embryos, J. Anat, 86, 287
Muller, 1978, A specific glycoprotein as the target site of adhesion blocking Fab in aggregating Dictyostelium cells, Nature, Lond, 274, 445, 10.1038/274445a0
Nagafuchi, 1987, Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA, Nature, Lond, 329, 341, 10.1038/329341a0
Nomura, 1988, Cell to cell adhesion systems in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed frog. II. Monoclonal antibody against a novel Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein on frog cells, Cell Differ, (in press)
Nomura, 1986, Cell to cell adhesion systems in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed frog. I. Detection of Ca2+-dependent and independent adhesion systems in adult and embryonic cells, Dev. Growth & Differ, 28, 311, 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1986.00311.x
Nose, 1987, Isolation of placental cadherin cDNA: Identification of a novel gene family for cell-cell adhesion molecules, EMBOJ, 6, 3655, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02698.x
Nose, 1986, A novel cadherin adhesion molecule: Its expression patterns associated with implantation and organogenesis of mouse embryos, J. Cell Biol, 103, 2649, 10.1083/jcb.103.6.2649
Ogou, 1982, Cleavage stage mouse embryos share a common cell adhesion system with teratocarcinoma cells, Devi Biol, 92, 521, 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90196-8
Ogou, 1983, Calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules common to hepatocytes and teratocarcinoma cells, J. Cell Biol, 97, 944, 10.1083/jcb.97.3.944
Peyrieras, 1983, Uvomorulin: a nonintegral membrane protein of early mouse embryo, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 80, 6274, 10.1073/pnas.80.20.6274
Peyrieras, 1985, Characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against uvomorulin, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 82, 8067, 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8067
Rathjien, 1984, Immunocytological and biochemical characterization of a new neuronal cell surface component (LI antigen) which is involved in cell adhesion, EMBO J, 3, 1, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01753.x
Rathjien, 1987, Membrane glycoproteins involved in neurite fasciculation, J. Cell Biol, 104, 343, 10.1083/jcb.104.2.343
Ringwald, 1987, The structure of cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Insights into the molecular mechanism of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion, EMBOJ, 6, 3647, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02697.x
Roth, 1967, The measurement of intercellular adhesion, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 58, 974, 10.1073/pnas.58.3.974
Rothlein, 1986, A human intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) distinct from LFA-1, J. Immunology, 137, 1270, 10.4049/jimmunol.137.4.1270
Rutishauser, 1984, Developmental biology of a neural cell adhesion molecule, Nature, Lond, 310, 549, 10.1038/310549a0
Rutishauser, 1982, Binding properties of a cell adhesion molecule from neural tissue, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 79, 685, 10.1073/pnas.79.2.685
Schuh, 1986, Molecular cloning of the mouse cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin: cDNA contains Bl-related segment, Proc, natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 93, 1364, 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1364
Shirayoshi, 1986, Cadherin cell adhesion molecules with distinct specificities share a common structure, EMBO J, 5, 2485, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04525.x
Shirayoshi, 1986, V-linked oligosaccharides are not involved in the function of a cell-cell binding glycoprotein E-cadherin, Cell Struct. Fund, 11, 245, 10.1247/csf.11.245
Shirayoshi, 1983, The calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion system regulates inner cell mass formation and cell surface polarization in early mouse development, Cell, 35, 631, 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90095-8
Spiegel, 1975, The reaggregation of dissociated embryonic sea urchin cells, Am. Zool, 15, 583, 10.1093/icb/15.3.583
Steinberg, 1973, On the recovery of adhesiveness by trypsin-dissociated cells, J. membr. Biol, 13, 97, 10.1007/BF01868223
Takeichi, 1977, Functional correlation between cell adhesive properties and some cell surface proteins, J. Cell Biol, 75, 464, 10.1083/jcb.75.2.464
Takeichi, 1981, Selective adhesion of embryonal carcinoma cells and differentiated cells by Camdependent sites, Devi Biol, 87, 340, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90157-3
Takeichi, 1985, Selective cell adhesion mechanisms: Role of the calcium-dependent cell adhesion system, In Molecular Determinants of Animal Form, 223
Takeichi, 1979, Experimental manipulation of cell surface to affect cellular recognition mechanisms, Devi Biol, 70, 195, 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90016-2
Thiery, 1984, Ontogénie expression of cell adhesion molecules: L-CAM is found in epithelia derived from the three primary germ layers, Devi Biol, 102, 61, 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90175-1
Thomas, 1981, Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells.II.An immunological analysis, Devi Biol, 81, 106, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90352-3
Thomas, 1981, Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells.III. Functional specificity, Devi Biol, 81, 379, 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90304-3
Townes, 1955, Directed movements and selective adhesion of embryonic amphibian cells, J. exp. Zool, 128, 53, 10.1002/jez.1401280105
Ueda, 1980, Differences in the mechanisms of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion revealed in a human retinoblastoma cell line, Cell Struct. Fund, 5, 183, 10.1247/csf.5.183
Urushihara, 1979, Immunological detection of cell surface components related with aggregation of Chinese hamster and chick embryonic cells, Devi Biol, 70, 206, 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90017-4
Urushihara, 1980, Cell-cell adhesion molecule: Identification of a glycoprotein relevant to Ca2+-independent aggregation of Chinese hamster fibroblasts, Cell, 20, 363, 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90622-4
Urushihara, 1977, Calcium-dependent and -independent adhesion of normal and transformed BHK cells, Cell Struct. & Funct, 2, 289, 10.1247/csf.2.289
Vestweber, 1984, Rabbit antiserum against a purified surface glycoprotein decompacts mouse preimplantation embryos and reacts with specific adult tissues, Expl Cell Res, 152, 169, 10.1016/0014-4827(84)90241-6
Vestweber, 1984, Some structural and functional aspects of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin, Cell Differ, 15, 269, 10.1016/0045-6039(84)90084-8
Vestweber, 1985, Identification of a putative cell adhesion domain of uvomorulin, EMBO J, 4, 3393, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04095.x
Vestweber, 1985, Celladhesion molecule uvomorulin during kidney development, Devi Biol, 112, 213, 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90135-6
Volk, 1987, Formation of heterotypic adherens-type junctions between L-CAM-containing liver cells and A-CAM-containing lens cells, Cell, 50, 987, 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90525-3
Volk, 1984, A 135kd membrane protein of intercellular adherens junctions, EMBO J, 3, 2249, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02123.x
Volk, 1986, A-CAM: a 135kd receptor of intercellular adherens junction. I. Immunoelectron microscopic localization and biochemical studies, J. Cell Biol, 103, 1441, 10.1083/jcb.103.4.1441
Volk, 1986, A-CAM: a 135kd receptor of intercellular adherens junction. II. Antibody-mediated modulation of junction formation, J. Cell Biol, 103, 1451, 10.1083/jcb.103.4.1451
Volberg, 1986, Changes of membrane-microfilament interaction in intercellular adherens junctions upon removal of extracellular Ca2+ ions, J. Cell Biol, 102, 1832, 10.1083/jcb.102.5.1832
Weiss, 1960, Reconstitution of complete organs from single-cell suspensions of chick embryos in advanced stages of differentiation, Proc, natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 46, 1177, 10.1073/pnas.46.9.1177
Wessels, 1971, Microfilaments in cellular and developmental processes, Science, 171, 135, 10.1126/science.171.3967.135
Yoshida, 1982, Teratocarcinoma cell adhesion: Identification of a cell surface protein involved in calcium-dependent cell aggregation, Cell, 28, 217, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90339-7