The burden of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia, and opportunities for integrated control and elimination

Parasites and Vectors - Tập 5 Số 1 - 2012
Kebede Deribe1, Kadu Meribo2, Teshome Gebre3, Asrat Hailu4, Ahmed Ali5, Abraham Aseffa6, Gail Davey1
1Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
2Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3International Trachoma Initiative, The Task Force for Global Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
4Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

WHO: Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: first WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. 2010, World Health Organization, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564090_eng.pdf ,

Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Sachs SE, Sachs JD, Savioli L: Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357: 1018-1027. 10.1056/NEJMra064142.

WHO: Neglected tropical diseases, hidden successes, emerging opportunities. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2006, Geneva: World Health Organization, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_CDS_NTD_2006.2_eng.pdf ,

Liese B, Rosenberg M, Schratz A: Programmes, partnerships, and governance for elimination and control of neglected tropical diseases. Lancet. 2010, 375 (9708): 67-76. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61749-9.

Hotez PJ, Fenwick A, Savioli L, Molyneux DH: Rescuing the “bottom billion” through neglected tropical disease control. Lancet. 2009, 373: 1570-1576. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60233-6.

Addiss DG: Global elimination of lymphatic filariasis: addressing the public health problem. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4 (6): e741-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000741.

Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M: Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lancet. 2010, 376 (9747): 1175-1185. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7.

Molyneux DH, Malecela MN: Neglected tropical diseases and the millennium development goals: why the "other diseases" matter: reality versus rhetoric. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 13 (4): 234-

Litt E, Baker MD, Molyneux D: Neglected tropical diseases and mental health: a perspective on comorbidity. Trends Parasitol. 2012, 28 (5): 195-201. 10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.001.

Hotez PJ, Kamath A: Neglected tropical diseases in sub-saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009, 3 (8): e412-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412.

Pullan LR, Brooker SJ: The global limits and population at risk of soiltransmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5 (81):

Tadesse Z, Hailemariam A, Kolaczinski JH: Potential for integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 2008 (102): 213-214.

Fekadu D, Petros B, Kebede A: Hookworm species distribution among school children in Asendabo Town, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2008, 18 (2): 53-56.

Demissie F, Kebede A, Shimels T, Beyene P: Assessment of public health implication of malaria-geohelminth co-infection with an emphasis on hookworm-malaria anemia among suspected malaria patients in asendabo, southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2009, 47 (2): 153-158.

Erosie L, Merid Y, Ashiko A, Ayine M, Balihu A, Muzeyin S, Teklemariam S, Sorsa S: Prevalence of Hookworm infection and hemoglobin status among rural elementary school children in Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2002, 16 (1): 113-115.

Wondimagegnehu T, Woldemichael T, Assefa T: Hookworm infection among the Melka Sedi banana plantation residents, middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 1992, 30 (3): 129-134.

Yami A, Mamo Y, Kebede S: Prevalence and Predictors of Intestinal Helminthiasis Among School Children in Jimma Zone; A Cross-Sectional Study Ethiop. J Health Sci. 2011, 21 (3): 167-174.

Alemu A, Atnafu A, Addis Z, Shiferaw Y, Teklu T, Mathewos B, Birhan W, Gebretsadik S, Gelaw B: Soil transmitted helminths and schistosoma mansoni infections among school children in Zarima town, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2011, 9 (11): 189-

Steinmann P, Keiser J, Bos R, Tanner M, Utzinger J: Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006, 6 (7): 411-425. 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70521-7.

Shiferaw W, Kebede T, Graves PM, Golasa L, Gebre T, Mosher AW, Tadesse A, Sime H, Lambiyo T, Panicker KN: Lymphatic filariasis in western Ethiopia with special emphasis on prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in and around onchocerciasis endemic areas. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012, 106 (2): 117-127. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.10.006.

Davey G, Tekola F, Newport MJ: Podoconiosis: non-infectious geochemical elephantiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007, 101 (12): 1175-1180. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.013.

Tekola F, HaileMariam D, Davey G: Economic costs of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health. 2006, 11 (7): 1136-1144. 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01658.x.

WHO: Global health atlas. Global Alliance for the Elimination of Blinding Trachoma database. 2008, http://www.who.int/ globalatlas

WHO: Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006, 81 (8): 69-80.

WHO: Global leprosy situation, beginning of 2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008, 83 (33): 293-300.

Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M: the WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team. Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence. PLoS One. 2012, 7 (5): e35671-10.1371/journal.pone.0035671.

WHO: Dracunculiasis eradication – global surveillance summary,2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012, 87 (19): 177-188.

Haileamlak A, Girma C, Bekele A: Buruli Ulcer: The first reported case from Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2006, 19 (3): 193-197.

Erko B, Ye-Ebiyo Y, Seyoum A, Desta H, Teklehaymanot A: An overview of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia. 2007, Ethiopian: Journal of Biological Sciences

Kebede N, Mitiku A, Tilahun G: Retrospective survey of human hydatidosis in Bahir Dar, north-western Ethiopia. East Mediterr Health J. 2010, 16 (9): 937-941.

Fekadu M: Human rabies surveillance and control in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group Meeting Nairobi, Kenya. 1997

Bogel K, MoTschwiller E: Incidence of rabies and post exposure treatment in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 1986, 64 (6): 883-887.

Jemaneh L: The epidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths in elementary school children from the South Gondar Zone of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2000, 38 (2): 105-118.

Erko B, Medhin G: Human helminthiasis in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, with emphasis on geohelminthiasis. Ethiop Med J. 2003, 41 (4): 333-344.

Birrie H, Tedla S, Tilahun G, Kloos H, Eshete H: Schistosomiasis and its distribution in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edited by: Birrie H, Tedla S, Jemaneh L. 1998, Institute of Pathobiology: Addis Ababa University Printing Press, 29-86.

WHO: The control of schistosomiasis. Report of WHO Expert Committee. 1985, Geneva: WHO

Kloos H, Lo CT, Birrie H, Ayele T, Tedla S, Tsegay F: Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Soc Sci Med. 1988, 26 (8): 803-827. 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90174-8.

Aseffa A: Armauer Hansen Research Institute/ALERT- Consultative Meeting on The Control of Leishmaniasis in the African Region WHO/AFRO Addis Ababa. 2010

Ashford RW, Bray MA, Hutchinson MP, Bray RS: The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1973, 67 (4): 568-602. 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90088-6.

Bryceson AD: Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. II. Treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1970, 64: 369-379. 10.1016/0035-9203(70)90173-2.

Mengistu G, Laskay T, Gemetchu T, Humber D, Ersamo M, Evans D, Teferedegn H, Phelouzat MA, Frommel D: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western Ethiopia: Ocholo revisited. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 86 (2): 149-153. 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90546-O.

Negera E, Gadisa E, Yamuah L, Engers H, Hussein J, Kuru T, Hailu A, Gedamu L, Aseffa A: Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 102 (9): 883-890. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.021.

Herrero M, Orfanos G, Argaw D, Mulugeta A, Aparicio P: Natural History of a Visceral Leishmaniasis Outbreak in Highland Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009, 81 (3): 373-377.

Bashaye S, Nombela N, Argaw D, Mulugeta A, Herrero M: Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in a new epidemic site in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009, 81 (1): 34-39.

Negera E, Gadissa E, Yamuah L, Engers H, Hussein J: Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 102 (9): 883-890. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.021.

Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C: The Relationship between Leishmaniasis and AIDS: the Second 10 Years. Clin Microb Rev. 2008, 21 (2): 334-359. 10.1128/CMR.00061-07.

ter Horst R, Collin SM, Ritmeijer K, Bogale A, Davidson RN: Concordant HIV Infection and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: The Influence of Antiretroviral Treatment and Other Factors on Outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2008, 46: 1702-1709. 10.1086/587899.

Prasittisuk C: Vector-control synergies, between ‘roll back malaria’ and the Global Programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, in southeast Asia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002, 96 (Suppl 2): 33-37.

Bogh C, Pedersen EM, Mukoko DA, Ouma JH: Permethrin-impregnated bed net effects on resting and feeding behavior of lymphatic filariasis vector mosquitoes in Kenya. Med Vet Entomol. 1998, 12: 52-59. 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00091.x.

Davey G: Recent advances in podoconiosis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009, 103 (5): 377-382. 10.1179/136485909X451762.

Kloos H, Kello AB, Addus A: Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) in two resettlement schemes in western Ethiopia. Trop Doct. 1992, 22: 109-112.

Yakob B, Deribe K, Davey G: High levels of misconceptions and stigma in a community highly endemic for podoconiosis in southern Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 102 (5): 439-444. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.023.

Burton MJ, Frick KD, Bailey RL, Bowman RJC: Azithromycin for the treatment and control of trachoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2002, 3 (2): 113-120. 10.1517/14656566.3.2.113.

FMOH: National Survey on Blindness, Low Vision and Trachoma in Ethiopia. 2006, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia

FMOH: Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. National Five Year Strategic Plan for eye care in Ethiopia (2006–2010). 2006, Addis Ababa: Diseases Prevention and Control Department Federal Ministry of Health

Boatin BA, Richards FO J: Control of Onchocerciasis. Advance in Parsitology Control of Human Parasitic Diseases. Edited by: Molyneux DH. 2007, London: Elsevier Ltd

Zein ZA, Kloos H: The ecology of Health and disease in Ethiopia. 1988, Addis Ababa: Ministry of Health, 1-308.

Zein AZ: An appraisal of the epidemiologic situation of onchocerciasis in Ethiopia. Parassitologia. 1990, 32 (2): 237-244.

Yirga D, Deribe K, Woldemichael K, Wondafrash M, Kassahun W: Factors associated with compliance with community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Southwestern Ethiopia. Parasites & Vectors. 2010, 3 (48):

WHO: African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) Country profile. 2012, Ethiopia: World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/apoc/countries/eth/en/index.html ,

Gundersen SG, Schmitt-Lechner A, Bjorvatn B: Onchocerciasis in the Blue Nile Valley of western Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1988, 82 (1): 122-127. 10.1016/0035-9203(88)90284-2.

The Carter Center: 2010 Program review for the Lions-Carter Center SightFirst River Blindness Programs, Cameron, Ethiopia, Nigeria, OEPA, SUDAN and Uganda. 28 February-2 March 2011. 2011, Atlanta, GA: The Carter Center

WHO: Leprosy update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2011, 86 (36): 389-400.

Ministry of Health: Tuberculosis and Leprosy control of Ethiopia. Tenth Annual Review Meeting, 18 to 20 September. 2002

FMoH: Presentation at the National Leprosy Workshop at AHRI. 2012

Tefera G, Yimer E, Geyid A: Endemic existence of rabies in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2002, 40 (2): 163-170.

Fekadu M: Atypical rabies in dogs in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 1972, 10 (3): 79-86.

WHO: World survey of Rabies for the year 1998 No 34(RABNET). WHO Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/99.6, 1998. 2000, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_CDS_CSR_APH_99.6.pdf ,

Deressa A, Ali A, Beyene M, Newaye Selassie B, Yimer E, Hussen K: The status of rabies in Ethiopia: a retrospective record review. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2010, 24 (2): 127-132.

Yimer E, Newayeselassie B, Teferra G, Mekonnen Y, Bogale Y, Zewde B, Beyene M, Bekele A: Situation of rabies in Ethiopia: a retrospective study 1990–2000. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2002, 16 (1): 105-112.

Cairncross S, Muller R, Zagaria N: Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) and the eradication initiative. Clin Microbiol. 2002, 15: 223-246. 10.1128/CMR.15.2.223-246.2002.

Ruiz-Tiben E, Hopkins DR: Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication. Advance in Parsitology Control of Human Parasitic Diseases. Edited by: Molyneux DH. 2007, London: Elsevier Ltd

Smith GS, Blum D, Huttly SR, Okeke N, Kirkwood BR, Feachem RG: Disability from dracunculiasis: effect on mobility. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1989, 83: 151-158.

ten Eyck DR: Report of an outbreak of dracunculiasis in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 1971, 9 (3): 149-152.

Berhane Y, Hail Mariam D, Kloos H: The Ecology of Health and disease in Ethiopia. 2006, Addis Ababa: Shama books, 1-308.

WHO: World Health organization. Dracunculiasis eradication – global surveillance summary, 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012, 87 (19): 177-188.

WHO: World Health organization. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2006, 81 (8): 69-80.

Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia], ICF International: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International

Kolaczinski JH, Kabatereine NB, Onapa AW, Ndyomugyenyi R, Kakembo AS, Brooker S: Neglected tropical diseases in Uganda: the prospect and challenge of integrated control. Trends Parasitol. 2007, 23 (10): 485-493. 10.1016/j.pt.2007.08.007.

Sikorski C, Ashine M, Zeleke Z, Davey G: Effectiveness of a simple lymphoedema treatment regimen in podoconiosis management in southern Ethiopia: one year follow-up. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4 (11): e902-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000902.

Davey G, Burridge E: Community-based control of a neglected tropical disease: the mossy foot treatment and prevention association. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009, 3 (5): e424-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000424.

Negash S: Enhanced Outreach Strategy/ Targeted Supplementary Feeding for Child Survival in Ethiopia (EOS/ TSF). Field Exchange. 2011, 40 (8): 7-10.

WHO: Schistosomiasis: population requiring preventive chemotherapy and number of people treated in 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012, 87 (4): 37-44.

Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Bundy DA: The global atlas of helminth infection: mapping the way forward in neglected tropical disease control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4 (7): e779-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000779.

Baker MC, Mathieu E, Fleming FM, Deming M, King JD, Garba A, Koroma JB, Bockarie M, Kabore A, Sankara DP: Mapping, monitoring, and surveillance of neglected tropical diseases: towards a policy framework. Lancet. 2010, 16 (375): 9710-

Price EW: Endemic elephantiasis of the lower legs in Ethiopia an epidemiological survey. Ethiop Med J. 1974, 12 (2): 77-90.

Kabatereine NB, Standley CJ, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Fleming FM, Stothard JR, Talisuna A, Fenwick A: Integrated prevalence mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and malaria in lakeside and island communities in Lake Victoria. Uganda. Parasit Vectors. 2011, 13 (4): 232-

Dorkenoo AM, Bronzan RN, Ayena KD, Anthony G, Agbo YM, Sognikin KS, Dogbe KS, Amza A, Sodahlon Y, Mathieu E: Nationwide integrated mapping of three neglected tropical diseases in Togo: countrywide implementation of a novel approach. Trop Med Int Health. 2012, 17 (7): 896-903. 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03004.x.

Kolaczinski JH, Hanson K, Robinson E, Picon D, Sabasio A, Mpakateni M, Lado M, Moore S, Petty N, Brooker S: Integrated surveys of neglected tropical diseases in southern Sudan: how much do they cost and can they be refined?. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010, 4 (7): e745-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000745.

Brooker S, Utzinger J: Integrated disease mapping in a polyparasitic world. Geospat Health. 2007, 1 (2): 141-146.

Emerson PM, Ngondi J, Biru E, Graves PM, Ejigsemahu Y, Gebre T, Endeshaw T, Genet A, Mosher AW, Zerihun M: Integrating an NTD with one of "The big three": combined malaria and trachoma survey in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008, 2 (3): e197-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000197.

Pullan RL, Gething PW, Smith JL, Mwandawiro CS, Sturrock HJ, Gitonga CW, Hay SI, Brooker S: Spatial modelling of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Kenya: a disease control planning tool. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011, 5 (2): e958-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000958.

Molyneux DH, Hotez PJ, Fenwick A: ‘Rapid-impact interventions’: how a policy of integrated control for Africa’s neglected tropical diseases could benefit the poor. PLoS Med. 2005, 2: e336-10.1371/journal.pmed.0020336.

Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Ottesen E, Ehrlich Sachs S, Sachs JD: Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.2006: 3, e102. PLoS Med. 2006, 3: e102-10.1371/journal.pmed.0030102.

Brady MA, Hooper PJ, Ottesen EA: Projected benefits from integrating NTD programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Trends Parasitol. 2006, 22: 285-291. 10.1016/j.pt.2006.05.007.

Hanson C, Weaver A, Zoerhoff KL, Kabore A, Linehan M, Doherty A, Engels D, Savioli L, Ottesen EA: Integrated implementation of programs targeting neglected tropical diseases through preventive chemotherapy: identifying best practices to roll out programs at national scale. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012, 86 (3): 508-513. 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-1589.

Grépin KA, Reich MR: Conceptualizing integration: a framework for analysis applied to neglected tropical disease control partnerships. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008, 2 (4): e174-10.1371/journal.pntd.0000174.

Hotez PJ, Mistry N, Rubinstein J, Sachs JD: Integrating neglected tropical diseases into AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria control. N Engl J Med. 2011, 384 (22): 2086-2089.

Gyapong JO, Gyapong M, Yellu N, Anakwah K, Amofah G, Bockarie M, Adjei S: Integration of control of neglected tropical diseases into health-care systems: challenges and opportunities. Lancet. 2010, 375 (9709): 160-165. 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61249-6.