The Pharmacology and Management of the Vitamin K Antagonists
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Whitlon, 1978, Mechanisms of coumarin action: significance of vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibition, Biochemistry, 17, 1371, 10.1021/bi00601a003
Fasco, 1982, Evidence that warfarin anticoagulant action involves two distinct reductase activities, J Biol Chem, 257, 11210, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33742-6
Choonara, 1988, The relationship between inhibition of vitamin K 1,2,3-epoxide reductase and reduction of clotting factor activity with warfarin, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 25, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03274.x
Trivedi, 1988, Normal and warfarin-resistant rat hepatocyte metabolism of vitamin K 2,3 epoxide: evidence for multiple pathways of hydroxyvitamin K formation, Arch Biochem Biophys, 264, 67, 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90571-1
Stenflo, 1974, Vitamin K dependent modifications of glutamic acid residues in prothrombin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 71, 2730, 10.1073/pnas.71.7.2730
Nelsestuen, 1974, The mode of action of vitamin K: identification of γ-carboxyglutamic acid as a component of prothrombin, J Biol Chem, 249, 6347, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42259-X
Friedman, 1977, A spectrum of partially carboxylated prothrombins in the plasmas of coumarin treated patients, Biochim Biophys Acta, 494, 271, 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90155-6
Malhotra, 1985, The kinetics of activation of normal and gamma carboxy glutamic acid deficient prothrombins, J Biol Chem, 260, 279, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)89728-9
Nelsestuen, 1976, Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid: an unusual transition required for calcium-dependent binding of prothrombin to phospholipid, J Biol Chem, 251, 5648, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33107-1
Prendergast, 1977, Differentiation of metal ion-induced transitions of prothrombin fragment 1, J Biol Chem, 252, 840, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75174-6
Borowski, 1986, Prothrombin requires two sequential metal-dependent conformational transitions to bind phospholipid, J Biol Chem, 261, 14969, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)66814-0
Hauschka, 1989, Osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein: vitamin K dependent proteins in bone, Phys Rev, 69, 990
Price, 1988, Role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in bone metabolism, Annu Rev Nutr, 8, 565, 10.1146/annurev.nu.08.070188.003025
Maillard, 1997, Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent protein is a bone matrix component synthesized and secreted by osteoblasts, Endocrinology, 130, 1599
Pan, 1985, Sequence of the precursor to rat bone Y-carboxyglutamic acid protein that accumulated in warfarin-treated osteosarcoma cells, J Biol Chem, 260, 13398, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38734-3
Pettifor, 1975, Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy, J Pediatr, 86, 459, 10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80986-3
Hall, 1980, Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy, Am J Med, 68, 122, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90181-3
Breckenridge, 1978, Oral anticoagulant drugs: pharmacokinetic aspects, Semin Hematol, 15, 19
O'Reilly, 1976, Vitamin K and other oral anticoagulant drugs, Annu Rev Med, 27, 245, 10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.001333
Kelly, 1979, Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral anticoagulants, Clin Pharmacokinet, 4, 1, 10.2165/00003088-197904010-00001
O'Reilly, 1986, Warfarin metabolism and drug-drug interactions, 205
Takahashi, 2001, Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications, Clin Pharmacokinet, 40, 587, 10.2165/00003088-200140080-00003
Wittkowsky, 2003, Pharmacology of warfarin and related anticoagulants, 29:1
Loebstein, 2001, Individual variability in sensitivity to warfarin: nature or nurture, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 70, 150, 10.1067/mcp.2001.117444
Aithal, 1999, Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding complications, Lancet, 353, 717, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04474-2
Higashi, 2002, Influence of CYP2C9 genetic variants on the risk of overanticoagulation and of bleeding events during warfarin therapy, JAMA, 287, 1690, 10.1001/jama.287.13.1690
O'Reilly, 1968, Hereditary resistance to coumarin anticoagulant drugs in man and rat, Ann NY Acad Sci, 151, 913, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11950.x
O'Reilly, 1983, Hereditary transmission of exceptional resistance to coumarin anticoagulant drugs, N Engl J Med, 308, 1229
Alving, 1985, Hereditary warfarin resistance, Arch Intern Med, 145, 499, 10.1001/archinte.1985.00360030147025
Oldenburg, 1997, Missence mutations at ALA-10 in the factor IX peopeptide: an insignificant variant in normal life but a decisive cause of bleeding during oral anticaogulant therapy, Br J Haematol, 98, 240, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.2213036.x
Breckenridge, 1974, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the enantiomers of warfarin in man, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 15, 424, 10.1002/cpt1974154424
O'Reilly, 1974, Studies on the optical enantiomorphs of warfarin in man, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 16, 348, 10.1002/cpt1974162348
O'Reilly, 1978, Stereoselective interaction of phenylbutazone with 13C/12C labelled racemates of warfarin in man [abstract], Fed Proc, 37, 545
Toon, 1986, The warfarin-sulfinpyrazone interaction: stereochemical considerations, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 39, 15, 10.1038/clpt.1986.3
O'Reilly, 1976, The stereoselective interaction of warfarin and metronidazole in man, N Engl J Med, 295, 354, 10.1056/NEJM197608122950702
O'Reilly, 1980, Stereoselective interaction of trimethoprim-sulamethazole with the separated enantiomorphs of racemic warfarin in man, N Engl J Med, 302, 33, 10.1056/NEJM198001033020106
Lewis, 1974, Warfarin: stereochemical aspects of its metabolism and the interaction with phenylbutazone, J Clin Invest, 53, 1607, 10.1172/JCI107711
O'Reilly, 1987, Interaction of amiodorone with racemic warfarin and its separated enantimorphs in humans, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 42, 290, 10.1038/clpt.1987.149
O'Reilly, 1981, Lack of effect of fortified wine ingested during fasting and anticoagulant therapy, Arch Intern Med, 141, 458, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340040054017
Cropp, 1997, A review of enzyme induction of warfarin metabolism with recommendations for patient management, Pharmacotherapy, 17, 917, 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03782.x
Bechtold, 1984, Evidence for impaired hepatic vitamin K1 metabolism in patients treated with N-methyl-thiotetrazole cephalosporins, Thromb Haemost, 51, 358, 10.1055/s-0038-1661101
Weitkamp, 1983, Prolonged bleeding times and bleeding diathesis associated with moxalactam administration, JAMA, 249, 69, 10.1001/jama.1983.03330250049027
Owens, 1962, Effect of sodium dextrothyroxine in patients receiving anticoagulants, N Engl J Med, 266, 76, 10.1056/NEJM196201112660205
O'Reilly, 1972, Studies on the interaction of warfarin and clofibrate in man, Thromb Diath Haemorrh, 27, 309
Rothschild, 1979, Commentary: hematological pertubations associated with salicylate, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 26, 145, 10.1002/cpt1979262145
Hylek, 1998, Acetaminophen and other risk factors for excessive warfarin anticoagulation, JAMA, 279, 657, 10.1001/jama.279.9.657
Weibert, 1989, Effect of erythromycin in patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy, Clin Pharm, 8, 210
Lorentz, 1985, Potentiation of warfarin anticoagulation by topical testosterone treatment, Clin Pharm, 4, 332
Udall, 1965, Human sources and absorption of vitamin K in relation to anticoagulation, JAMA, 194, 127, 10.1001/jama.1965.03090150019004
Dale, 1980, Bleeding during acetysalicylic acid and anticoagulant therapy in patients with reduced platelet reactivity after aortic valve replacement, Am Heart J, 99, 746, 10.1016/0002-8703(80)90625-0
Schulman, 1989, Interaction of ibuprofen and warfarin on primary haemostasis, Br J Rheumatol, 38, 46, 10.1093/rheumatology/28.1.46
Cazenave, 1973, Effects of pencillin G on platelet aggregation, release and adherence to collagen, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 142, 159, 10.3181/00379727-142-36980
Brown, 1974, The hemostatic defect produced by carbenicillin, N Engl J Med, 291, 265, 10.1056/NEJM197408082910601
Roth, 1975, The mechanism of the effect of aspirin on human platelets: I. Acetylation of a particulate fraction protein, J Clin Invest, 56, 624, 10.1172/JCI108132
Chesebro, 1983, Trial of combined warfarin plus dipyridamole or aspirin therapy in prosthetic heart valve replacement: danger of aspirin compared with dipyridamole, Am J Cardiol, 51, 1537, 10.1016/0002-9149(83)90673-2
Turpie, 1993, Aspirin and warfarin after heart-valve replacement: a comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement, N Engl J Med, 329, 524, 10.1056/NEJM199308193290802
The Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework, 1998, Thrombosis prevention trial: randomised trial of low-intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention is ischaemic heart disease in men at increased risk, Lancet, 351, 233, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11475-1
Wells, 1994, The interaction of warfarin with drugs and food: a critical review of the literature, Ann Intern Med, 121, 676, 10.7326/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00009
Koch-Weser, 1971, Drug interactions with oral anticoagulants, N Engl J Med, 285, 487, 10.1056/NEJM197108262850905
Sellers, 1971, Drug interactions with coumarin anticoagulants, N Engl J Med, 285, 547, 10.1056/NEJM197109022851005
Wittkowsky, 2001, Drug interactions updates: drugs, herbs and oral anticoagulation, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 12, 67, 10.1023/A:1012742628628
O'Reilly, 1980, Resistance to warfarin due to unrecognized vitamin K supplementation, N Engl J Med, 303, 160, 10.1056/NEJM198007173030317
Suttie, 1988, Vitamin K deficiency from dietary vitamin K restriction in humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 47, 475, 10.1093/ajcn/47.3.475
Sadowski, 1996, Structure and mechanism of activation of vitamin K antagnoists, 9
Bovill, 1992, Mechanisms of vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent hemostasis: Implications for warfarin therapy
Booth, 1997, Dietary vitamin K1 and stability of oral anticoagulation: proposal of a diet with a constant vitamin K1 content, Thromb Haemost, 77, 504, 10.1055/s-0038-1655997
Richards, 1943, Influence of fever upon the action of 3,3-methylene bis-(4-hydroxoycoumarin), Science, 97, 313, 10.1126/science.97.2518.313
Zivelin, 1993, Mechanism of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin as evaluated in rabbits by selective depression of individual procoagulant vitamin-K dependent clotting factors, J Clin Invest, 92, 2131, 10.1172/JCI116814
Patel, 1996, Decreased thrombin activity of fibrin clots prepared in cord plasma compared to adult plasma, Pediatr Res, 39, 826, 10.1203/00006450-199605000-00014
Weitz, 1990, Clot-bound thrombin is protected from inhibition by heparin-antithrombin III but is susceptible to inactivation by antithrombin III-independent inhibitors, J Clin Invest, 86, 385, 10.1172/JCI114723
Furie, 1990, Randomized prospective trial comparing the native prothrombin antigen with the prothrombin time for monitoring anticoagulant therapy, Blood, 75, 344, 10.1182/blood.V75.2.344.344
Quick, 1935, The prothrombin time in haemophilia and in obstructive jaundice, J Biol Chem, 109, 73
Poller, 1987, Progress in standardisation in anticoagulant control, Hematol Rev, 1, 225
Kirkwood, 1983, Calibration of reference thromboplastins and standardisation of the prothrombin time ratio, Thromb Haemost, 49, 238, 10.1055/s-0038-1657371
Hirsh, 2001, Oral anticoagulants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range, Chest, 119, 8S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.8S
World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, 1983
Johnston, 1996, Reliability of the international normalized ratio for monitoring the induction phase of warfarin: comparison with the prothrombin time ratio, J Lab Clin Med, 128, 214, 10.1016/S0022-2143(96)90014-1
Kovacs, 1994, Assessment of the validity of the INR system for patients with liver impairment, Thromb Haemost, 71, 727, 10.1055/s-0038-1642513
Lind, 1999, Clinically significant differences in the international normalized ratio measured with reagents of different sensitivities, Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 10, 215, 10.1097/00001721-199907000-00001
Poggio, 1989, The effect of some instruments for prothrombin time testing on the international sensitivity index (ISI) of two rabbit tissue thromboplastin reagents, Thromb Haemost, 62, 868, 10.1055/s-0038-1651019
D'Angelo, 1989, Comparison of two automated coagulometers and the manual tilt tube method for determination of prothrombin time, Am J Clin Pathol, 92, 321, 10.1093/ajcp/92.3.321
Poller, 1989, Effect of automation on the prothrombin time test in NEQAS surveys, J Clin Pathol, 42, 97, 10.1136/jcp.42.1.97
Ray, 1990, The dependence of the international sensitivity index on the coagulometer used to perform the prothrombin time, Thromb Haemost, 63, 424, 10.1055/s-0038-1645059
van Rijn, 1989, Correction of instrument and reagent based differences in determination of the international normalised ratio (INR) for monitoring anticoagulant therapy, Clin Chem, 355, 840, 10.1093/clinchem/35.5.840
Thomson, 1990, Automation and prothrombin time: a United Kingdom field study of two widely used coagulometers, J Clin Pathol, 43, 679, 10.1136/jcp.43.8.679
Kinck, 2001, Clinical impact of interlaboratory variation in international normalized ratio determinations, Am J Health Syst Pharm, 58, 684, 10.1093/ajhp/58.8.684
Jacobson, 1999, Significant variation in the reporting of prothrombin time results despite utilization of the INR method of reporting [abstract], Circulation, 100, I
Fairweather, 1998, College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy: laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 122, 768
Ng, 1993, Failure of the international normalized ratio to generate consistent results within a local medical community, Am J Clin Pathol, 99, 689, 10.1093/ajcp/99.6.689
Poller, 1987, Laboratory control of oral anticoagulants [editorial], BMJ, 294, 1184, 10.1136/bmj.294.6581.1184
Kazama, 1990, Evaluation of international normalized ratios by a controlled field survey with 4 different thromboplastin reagents, Thromb Haemost, 64, 535, 10.1055/s-0038-1647353
van den Besselaar, 1993, Status of present and candidate International Reference Preparations (IRP) of thromboplastin for the prothrombin time: a report of the Subcommittee for Control of Anticoagulation, Thromb Haemost, 69, 85, 10.1055/s-0038-1651553
Duncan, 1994, Effect of concentration of trisodium citrate anticoagulant on calculation of the international normalized ratio and the international sensitivity index of thromboplastin, Thromb Haemost, 72, 84, 10.1055/s-0038-1648816
Adcock, 1997, Effect of 3.2% vs. 3.8% sodium citrate on routine coagulation testing, Am J Clin Pathol, 107, 105, 10.1093/ajcp/107.1.105
Gohlke-Barwolf, 1995, Guidelines for prevention of thromboembolic events in valvular heart disease: Study Group of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology, Eur Heart J, 16, 1320, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060739
Stein, 2001, Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves, Chest, 119, 220S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.220S
Landefeld, 1989, Bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: Relation to the prothrombin time and important remediable lesions, Am J Med, 87, 153, 10.1016/S0002-9343(89)80690-4
Fihn, 1993, Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation. a multi-center study; Warfarin Optimized Outpatient Follow-up Study Group, Ann Intern Med, 118, 511, 10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00005
Cannegieter, 1995, Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves, N Engl J Med, 333, 11, 10.1056/NEJM199507063330103
Palareti, 1996, Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISOCOAT): Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy, Lancet, 348, 423, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)01109-9
Hylek, 1996, An analysis of the lowest effective intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation for patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation, N Engl J Med, 335, 540, 10.1056/NEJM199608223350802
Hull, 1982, Different intensities of oral anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis, N Engl J Med, 307, 1676, 10.1056/NEJM198212303072704
Turpie, 1988, Randomized comparison of two intensities of oral anticoagulant therapy after tissue heart valve replacement, Lancet, 1, 1242, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92070-3
Saour, 1990, Trial of different intensities of anticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves, N Engl J Med, 322, 428, 10.1056/NEJM199002153220703
Altman, 1991, Comparison of two levels of anticoagulant therapy in patients with substitute heart valves, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 101, 427, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)36724-8
Ridker, 2003, Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism, N Engl J Med, 348, 1425, 10.1056/NEJMoa035029
Kearon, 2003, Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism, N Engl J Med, 349, 631, 10.1056/NEJMoa035422
Anand, 1999, Oral anticoagulant therpay in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis, JAMA, 282, 2058, 10.1001/jama.282.21.2058
Segal, 2000, Prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of trials of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, J Gen Intern Med, 15, 56, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.04329.x
Hart, 1999, Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis, Ann Intern Med, 131, 492, 10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00003
Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, 1994, Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials, Arch Intern Med, 154, 1449, 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420130036007
The Stroke Prevention in reversible Ischemia trial (SPIRIT) Study Group, 1997, A randomized trial of anticoagulants versus aspirin therapy after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin, Ann Neurol, 42, 857, 10.1002/ana.410420606
Palareti, 1997, Thrombotic events during oral anticoagulant treatment: results of the inception-cohort, prospective, collaborative ISCOAT study: ISCOAT study group (Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy), Thromb Haemost, 78, 1438, 10.1055/s-0038-1665430
Sackett, 1991, 283
Bern, 1990, Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters, Ann Intern Med, 112, 423, 10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-423
Nightingale, 1997, A prospective analysis of 949 long-term central venous access catheters for ambulatory chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, Eur J Cancer, 33, 398, 10.1016/S0959-8049(97)89012-0
Boraks, 1998, Prevention of central venous catheter associated thrombosis using minidose warfarin in patients with haematological malignancies, Br J Haematol, 101, 483, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00732.x
Dale, 1991, Prevention of venous thrombosis with minidose warfarin after joint replacement, BMJ, 303, 224, 10.1136/bmj.303.6796.224
Fordyce, 1991, Efficacy of fixed minidose warfarin prophylaxis in total hip replacement, BMJ, 303, 219, 10.1136/bmj.303.6796.219
Poller, 1995, Minidose warfarin and failure to prevent deep vein thrombosis after joint replacement surgery despite inhibiting the postoperative rise in plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 1, 267, 10.1177/107602969500100404
Couban, 2002, A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of low dose warfarin for the prevention of symptomatic central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in patients with cancer [abstract], Blood, 100, 703a
Gullov, 1998, Fixed mini-dose warfarin and aspirin alone and in combination versus adjusted-dose warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, and Anticoagulation Study (the AFASAK-2 study), Arch Intern Med, 158, 1513, 10.1001/archinte.158.14.1513
Coumadin, 1997, Randomized, double-blind trial of fixed low dose warfarin with aspirin after myocardial infarction, Lancet, 350, 389, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01180-X
Petersen, 1989, Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation: the Copenhagen AFASAK study, Lancet, 1, 175, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91200-2
The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, 1990, The effect of low-dose warfarin on the risk of stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, N Engl J Med, 323, 1505, 10.1056/NEJM199011293232201
Ezekowitz, 1992, Warfarin in the prevention of stroke associated with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation: Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, N Engl J Med, 327, 1406, 10.1056/NEJM199211123272002
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, 1991, Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study: final results, Circulation, 84, 527, 10.1161/01.CIR.84.2.527
EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group, 1993, Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke, Lancet, 342, 1255, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92358-Z
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Investigators, 1996, Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed dose warfarin plus aspirin for high risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomized clinical trial, Lancet, 348, 633, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03487-3
van Es, 2002, Aspirin and coumadin after acute coronary syndromes (the ASPECT-2 study): a randomized controlled trial, Lancet, 360, 109, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09409-6
Hurlen, 2002, Warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction, N Engl J Med, 347, 969, 10.1056/NEJMoa020496
Fiore, 2002, Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Trial comparing combined warfarin and aspirin with aspirin alone in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: primary results of the CHAMP study, Circulation, 105, 557, 10.1161/hc0502.103329
Ansell, 1997, Consensus guidelines for coordinated outpatient oral anticoagulation therapy management, Ann Pharmacother, 31, 604, 10.1177/106002809703100516
Harrison, 1997, Comparison of 5 mg and 10 mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy, Ann Intern Med, 126, 133, 10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00006
O'Reilly, 1968, Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs: initiation of warfarin therapy with a loading dose, Circulation, 38, 169, 10.1161/01.CIR.38.1.169
Crowther, 1999, A randomized trial comparing 5 mg and 10 mg warfarin loading doses, Arch Intern Med, 159, 46, 10.1001/archinte.159.1.46
Kovacs, 2003, Comparison of 10 mg and 5 mg warfarin initiation nomograms together with low molecular weight heparin for outpatient treatment of acute venous thromboembolism, Ann Intern Med, 138, 714, 10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00007
Sallah, 1997, Warfarin and heparin-induced skin necrosis and the purple toe syndrome: Infrequent complications of anticoagulant threatment, Thromb Haemost, 78, 785, 10.1055/s-0038-1657628
Wong, 1999, Influence of warfarin regimen type on clinical and monitoring outcomes in stable patients in an anticoagulation management service, Pharmacotherapy, 19, 1385, 10.1592/phco.19.18.1385.30894
Hixson-Wallace, 2001, Effect of regimen complexity on patient satisfaction and compliance with warfarin therapy, Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 7, 33, 10.1177/107602960100700108
Gurwitz, 1992, Aging and the anticoagulant response to warfarin therapy, Ann Intern Med, 116, 901, 10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-901
Redwood, 1991, The association of age with dosage requirement for warfarin, Age Ageing, 20, 217, 10.1093/ageing/20.3.217
James, 1992, Factors affecting the maintenance dose of warfarin, J Clin Pathol, 45, 704, 10.1136/jcp.45.8.704
Bowles, 1994, Stereoselective dispostion of warfarin in young and elderly subjects [abstract], Clin Pharmacol Ther, 55, 172
O'Connell, 2000, Evaluation of warfarin initiation regimens in elderly inpatients, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 923, 10.1592/phco.20.11.923.35260
McCormick, 1999, Long-term anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation in elderly patients: efficacy, risk, and current patterns of use, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 7, 157, 10.1023/A:1008884004751
Horstkotte, 1998, Optimal frequency of patient monitoring and intensity of oral anticoauglation therapy in valvular heart disease, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 5, S19, 10.1023/A:1013228718768
Samsa, 2000, Relationship between test frequency and outcomes of anticoagulation: a literature review and commentary with implications for the design of randomized trials of patient self-management, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 9, 283, 10.1023/A:1018778914477
Kent, 1992, A model for planning optimal follow-up for outpatients on warfarin anticoagulation, Med Decis Making, 12, 132, 10.1177/0272989X9201200206
Gunneman, 1999, Frequent prothrombin time testing reduces inappropriate warfarin dose changes [abstract], Thromb Haemost, 82, 676
Lousberg, 1998, Evaluation of excessive anticoagulation in a group model health maintenance organization, Arch Intern Med, 158, 528, 10.1001/archinte.158.5.528
Hylek, 2001, Clinical predictors of prolonged delay in return of the international normalized ratio to within the therapeutic range after excessive anticoagulation with warfarin, Ann Intern Med, 135, 393, 10.7326/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00008
Makris, 1997, Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy, Thromb Haemost, 77, 477, 10.1055/s-0038-1655992
Nitu, 1998, Clinical experience with the use of clotting factor concentrates in oral anticoagulation reversal, Clin Lab Haematol, 20, 363, 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1998.00161.x
Deveras, 2002, Reversal of warfarin-induced excessive anticoagulation with recombinant human factor VIIa concentrate, Ann Intern Med, 137, 884, 10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00009
Crowther, 2000, Treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomized trial, Lancet, 356, 1551, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03125-1
Shetty, 1992, Effective reversal of warfarin-induced excessive anticoagulation with low dose vitamin K1, Thromb Haemost, 67, 13, 10.1055/s-0038-1648371
Martin, 1991, Anaphylactoid reactions and vitamin K [letter], Med J Aust, 155, 851, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb94070.x
Fiore, 2001, Anaphylactoid reactions to vitamin K, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 11, 175, 10.1023/A:1011237019082
Whitling, 1998, Comparing different routes and doses of phytonadione for reversing excessive anticoagulation, Arch Intern Med, 158, 2136, 10.1001/archinte.158.19.2136
Raj, 1999, Time course of reversal of anticoagulant effect of warfarin by intravenous and subcutaneous phytonadione, Arch Intern Med, 159, 2721, 10.1001/archinte.159.22.2721
Crowther, 2002, Oral vitamin K lowers the international normalized ratio more rapidly than subcutaneous vitamin K in the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy, Ann Intern Med, 137, 251, 10.7326/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00009
Pengo, 1993, Reversal of excessive effect of regular anticoagulation: low oral dose of phytonadione (vitamin K1) compared with warfarin discontinuation, Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 4, 739, 10.1097/00001721-199304050-00010
Cosgriff, 1956, The effectiveness of an oral vitamin K1 in controlling excessive hypoprothrombinemia during anticoagulant therapy, Ann Intern Med, 45, 12
Shirger, 1959, Small doses of vitamin K1 for correction of reduced prothrombin activity, Proc Mayo Clin, 34, 453
Weibert, 1997, Correction of excessive anticoagulation with low dose oral vitamin K1, Ann Intern Med, 125, 959, 10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00005
Watson, 2001, A comparison of the efficacy and rate of response to oral and intreavenous vitamin K in reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin, Br J Haematol, 115, 145, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03070.x
Kearon, 1997, Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery, N Engl J Med, 336, 1506, 10.1056/NEJM199705223362107
Cannegieter, 1994, Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses, Circulation, 89, 635, 10.1161/01.CIR.89.2.635
Ananthasubramanian, 2001, How safely and for how long can warfarin therapy be withheld in prosthetic heart valve patients hospitalized with a major hemorrhage?, Chest, 119, 478, 10.1378/chest.119.2.478
Dunn, 2003, Perioperative management of patients on oral anticoagulants: a systematic review, Arch Intern Med, 163, 901, 10.1001/archinte.163.8.901
Wahl, 1998, Dental surgery in anticoagulated patients, Arch Intern Med, 158, 1610, 10.1001/archinte.158.15.1610
Stein, 2001, Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves, Chest, 119, 220S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.220S
Berdague, 1998, Usefulness of low molecular weight heparins during post-operative period in mitral mechanical valve replacement: clinical ischaemic and haemorrhagic complications in 110 cases [abstract], Eur Heart J, 19, 534
Johnson, 1999, Temporary discontinuation of oral anticoagulants: role of low molecular weight heparin, Thromb Haemost, 62, 62
Spandorfer, 1999, Use of enoxaparin for the chronically anticoagulated patient before and after procedures, Am J Cardiol, 84, 478, 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00341-0
Montalescot, 2000, Low molecular weight heparin after mechanical heart valve replacement, Circulation, 101, 1083, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.10.1083
Ferreira, 2000, Is low molecular weight heparin a safe alternative to unfractionated heparin in patients with prosthetic mechanical heart valves who must interrupt antithrombotic therapy [abstract]?, Eur Heart J, 21, 301
UPMC Health System, 2000, Home LMWH bridge therapy in cardiac valve replacement: Safe, effective, and cost saving, Formulary, 35, 990
Galla, 2000, Outpatient anticoagulation protocol for mechanical valve recipients undergoing non-cardiac surgery [abstract], J Am Coll Cardiol, 135, 531A
Tinmouth, 2001, Dalteparin as periprocedure anticoagulation for patients on warfarin and at high risk of thrombosis, Ann Pharmacother, 35, 669, 10.1345/aph.10305
Wilson, 2001, A model for perioperative outpatient management of anticoagulation in high-risk patients: an evaluation of effectiveness and safety, Can J Hosp Pharm, 54, 269
Tsilimingras, 2002, Initiation of anticoagulation after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study of efficacy, safety, and cost with low molecular weight heparin bridging in lieu of continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin [abstract], J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 428A, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)81921-0
Deleted in proof
Amorosi, 2002, Bridging therapy during temporary interruption of chronic anticoagulation is less costly with low molecular weigtht heparin than unfractionated heparin [abstract], Circulation, 106, II-758
Smith, 1999, Cost effectiveness and safety of outpatient enoxaparin bridge therapy [abstract], Chest, 116, 360S
Omran, 2002, A prospective and randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in chronically anticoagulated patients prior to cardiac catheterization [abstract], J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 234A, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)81044-0
Blinder, 2001, Dental extractions in patients maintained on oral anticoagulant therapy: comparison of INR value with occurrence of postoperative bleeding, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 30, 518, 10.1054/ijom.2001.0172
Vicente Barrero, 2002, Oral surgery in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy, Med Oral, 7, 63
Sindet-Pedersen, 1989, Hemostatic effect of tranexamic mouthwash in anticoagulant-treated patients undergoing oral surgery, N Engl J Med, 324, 840, 10.1056/NEJM198903303201305
Soute, 1996, Oral surgery in anticoagulated patients without reducing the dose of oral anticoagulant: a prospective randomized study, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 54, 27, 10.1016/S0278-2391(96)90297-9
Rosove, 1992, Antiphospholipid thrombosis: clinical course after the first thrombotic event in 70 patients, Ann Intern Med, 117, 303, 10.7326/0003-4819-117-4-303
Khamashta, 1995, The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome, N Engl J Med, 332, 993, 10.1056/NEJM199504133321504
Sanfelippo, 2000, Falsely elevated INRs in warfarin-treated patients with the lupus anticoagulant, Wis Med J, 99, 62
Moll, 1997, Monitoring warfarin therapy in patients with lupus anticoagulants, Ann Intern Med, 127, 177, 10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00001
Della Valle, 1996, Potential failure of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) system in the monitoring of oral anticoagulation in patients with lupus anticoagulants, Ann Med Interne (Paris), 147, 10
Robert, 1998, Control of oral anticoagulation in patients with the antiphospholipid syndorme: influence of the lupus anticoagulant on international normalized ratio, Thromb Haemost, 80, 99, 10.1055/s-0037-1615146
Rapaport, 1995, Thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome [letter], N Engl J Med, 333, 665, 10.1056/NEJM199509073331016
Lawrie, 1997, Monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in lupus anticoagulant positive patients with the anti-phospholipid syndrome, Br J Haematol, 98, 887, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.3283145.x
Crowther, 2003, A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody sndrome, N Engl J Med, 349, 1133, 10.1056/NEJMoa035241
Le, 1994, The international normalized ratio (INR) for monitoring warfarin therapy: reliability and relation to other monitoring methods, Ann Intern Med, 120, 552, 10.7326/0003-4819-120-7-199404010-00004
Lind, 1997, Plasma levels of factors II, VII, and X and their relationship to the international normalized ratio during chronic warfarin therapy, Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 8, 48, 10.1097/00001721-199701000-00008
Kornbert, 1993, Comparison of native prothrombin antigen with the prothrombin time for monitoring oral anticoagulant prophylaxis, Circulation, 88, 454, 10.1161/01.CIR.88.2.454
Hylek, 1994, Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin, Ann Intern Med, 120, 897, 10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00001
European Atrial Fibrillation Trial Study Group, 1995, Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and recent cerebral ischemia, N Engl J Med, 333, 5, 10.1056/NEJM199507063330102
Landefeld, 1989, Major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: incidence and prediction by factors known at the start of outpatient therapy, Am J Med, 87, 144, 10.1016/S0002-9343(89)80689-8
Landefeld, 1989, Bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin: relation to the prothrombin time and important remedial lesions, Am J Med, 87, 153, 10.1016/S0002-9343(89)80690-4
van der Meer, 1993, Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy: an analysis of risk factors, Arch Intern Med, 153, 1557, 10.1001/archinte.1993.00410130073007
Forfar, 1982, Prediction of hemorrhage during long-term oral coumarin anticoagulation by excessive prothrombin ratio, Am Heart J, 103, 445, 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90292-7
Palareti, 2002, Patients highly unstable in their response to oral anticoagulants: a collaborative controlled study [abstract], Pathophys Haemost Thromb, 32, 42
Charney, 1988, Anticoagulation clinics and the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, Int J Cardiol, 18, 197, 10.1016/0167-5273(88)90165-9
Wilson, 1991, Low intensity anticoagulation in mechanical cardiac prosthetic valves, Chest, 100, 1553, 10.1378/chest.100.6.1553
Connolly, 1991, Canadian atrial fibrillation anticoagulation (CAFA) study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 18, 349, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90585-W
Schmitt, 2003, Quality assessment of anticoagulation dose management: comparative evaluation of measures of time-in-therapeutic range, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 15, 213, 10.1023/B:THRO.0000011377.78585.63
Rosendaal, 1993, A method to determine the optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy, Thromb Haemost, 39, 236
Meier, 2002, Comparison of narrow versus standard target INR ranges [abstract], J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 272a, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)81220-7
Palareti, 1999, The first months of oral anticoagulant treatment are associated with a very low quality of laboratory control: data from the Iscoat Study [abstract], Thromb Haemost, 82, 549
Hutten, 1999, Determinants of time spent in the therapeutic range while using vitamin k antagonists [abstract], Thromb Haemost, 82, 545
Gadisseur, 2001, Therapeutic quality control of oral anticoagulant therapy comparing the short acting acenocoumarol and the long acting phenprocoumon [abstract], J Thromb Haemost, 86
Pattacini, 1994, A comparative study on the quality of oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin versus acenocoumarol), Thromb Haemost, 71, 188
Beyth, 1998, Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin, Am J Med, 105, 91, 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00198-3
Launbjerg, 1991, Bleeding complications to oral anticoagulant therapy: multivariate analysis of 1010 treatment years in 551 outpatients, J Intern Med, 229, 351, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00358.x
Cortelazzo, 1993, Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prosthesis attending an anticoagulation clinic, Thromb Haemost, 69, 316, 10.1055/s-0038-1651604
Gitter, 1995, Bleeding and thromboembolism during anticoagulant therapy: a population based study in Rochester, Minnesota, Mayo Clin Proc, 70, 725, 10.4065/70.8.725
Landefeld, 1993, Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention, Am J Med, 95, 315, 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90285-W
Errichetti, 1984, Management of oral anticoagulant therapy: experience with an anticoagulation clinic, Arch Intern Med, 144, 1966, 10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010074014
Bussey, 1989, The safety and effectiveness of long-term warfarin therapy in an anticoagulation clinic, Pharmacotherapy, 9, 214, 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1989.tb04128.x
Sixty Plus Reinfarction Study Research Group, 1982, Risks of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients after myocardial infarction: second report of the Sixty Plus Reinfarction Study Research Group, Lancet, I, 62
McInnes, 1987, The performance of clinics for outpatient control of anticoagulation, J R Coll Physicians Lond, 21, 42
Wickramasinghe, 1988, Long-term oral anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients, Age Ageing, 17, 388, 10.1093/ageing/17.6.388
Joglekar, 1988, Can old people on oral anticoagulants be safely managed as outpatients?, Postgrad Med J, 64, 775, 10.1136/pgmj.64.756.775
Issacs, 1994, Age-associated risks of prophylactic anticoagulation in the setting of hip fracture, Am J Med, 96, 487, 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90086-8
Davis, 1977, Management of anticoagulation in outpatients: experience with an anticoagulation service in a municipal hospital setting, Arch Intern Med, 137, 197, 10.1001/archinte.1977.03630140045012
Graves, 1995, Lack of excessive bleeding risk in elderly patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulation, Cardiol Elderly, 3, 273
Copland, 2001, Oral anticoagulation and hemorrhagic complications in an elderly population with atrial fibrillation, Arch Intern Med, 161, 2125, 10.1001/archinte.161.17.2125
Coon, 1974, Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant therapy, Arch Intern Med, 133, 386, 10.1001/archinte.1974.00320150060006
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, 1996, Bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation, Arch Intern Med, 156, 409, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440040081009
Fihn, 1996, The risk for and severity of bleeding complication in elderly patients treated with warfarin, Ann Intern Med, 124, 970, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00004
Steffensen, 1997, Major haemorrhagic complications during oral anticoagulant therapy in a Danish population-based cohort, J Intern Med, 242, 497, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1997.tb00023.x
Palareti, 2000, Oral anticoagulation treatment in the elderly: a nested, prospective, case-control study, Arch Intern Med, 160, 470, 10.1001/archinte.160.4.470
Pettiti, 1986, Duration of warfarin anticoagulation therapy and the probabilities of recurrent thromboembolism and hemorrhage, Am J Med, 81, 255, 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90260-3
Verhagen, 1954, Local hemorrhage and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues at starting therapy with dicumarol or dicumacyl, Acta Med Scand, 148, 455, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1954.tb01741.x
Weinberg, 1983, Warfarin necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the male genitalia, J Urol, 130, 352, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51147-7
Broekmans, 1983, Protein C and the development of skin necrosis during anticoagulant therapy, Thromb Haemost, 49, 244
Zauber, 1986, Successful warfarin anticoagulant despite protein C deficiency and a history of warfarin necrosis, Ann Intern Med, 104, 659, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-659
Samama, 1984, Successful progressive anticoagulation in a severe protein C deficiency and previous skin necrosis at the initiation of oral anticoagulation treatment, Thromb Haemost, 51, 332
Grimaudo, 1989, Necrosis of skin induced by coumarin in a patient deficient in protein S, BMJ, 298, 233, 10.1136/bmj.298.6668.233
Warkentin, 2001, Venous limb gangrene during warfarin treatment of cancer-associated deep venous thrombosis, Ann Intern Med, 135, 589, 10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00009
Azar, 1994, Assessment of therapeutic quality control in a long-term anticoagulant trial in post-myocardial infarction patients, Thromb Haemost, 72, 347, 10.1055/s-0038-1648869
Jaffin, 1987, Significance of occult gastrointestinal bleeding during anticoagulation therapy, Am J Med, 83, 269, 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90697-8
Wilcox, 1988, Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy, Am J Med, 84, 683, 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90105-2
Culclasure, 1994, The significance of hematuria in the anticoagulated patient, Arch Intern Med, 154, 649, 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420060075008
Caralis, 1989, Incidence and etiology of hematuria in patients on anticoagulant therapy [abstract], Clin Res, 37, 791A
Schuster, 1987, Clinical significance of hematuria in patients on anticoagulant therapy, J Urol, 137, 923, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44295-9
van Savage, 1995, Anticoagulant associated hematuria: a prospective study, J Urol, 153, 1594, 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)67469-X
Hirsh, 2001, Oral anticoaguants: mechanism of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimum therapeutic range, Chest, 119, 8S, 10.1378/chest.119.1_suppl.8S
Matchar, 2002, Improving the quality of anticoagulation of patients with atrial fibrillation in managed care organizations: results of the managing anticoagulation services trial, Am J Med, 113, 42, 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01131-2
Anderson, 2000, Anticoagulant clinic vs family physician based warfarin monitoring: a randomized controlled trial [abstract], Blood, 96, 846a
Conte, 1986, Nine-year experience with a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic, Am J Hosp Pharm, 43, 2460
Seabrook, 1990, An outpatient anticoagulation protocol managed by a vascular nurse clinician, Am J Surg, 160, 501, 10.1016/S0002-9610(05)81015-3
Garabedian-Ruffalo, 1985, Retrospective evaluation of a pharmacist-managed warfarin anticoagulation clinic, Am J Hosp Pharm, 42, 304
Deleted in proof
Chiquette, 1998, Comparison of an anticoagulation clinic and usual medical care: anticoagulation control, patient outcomes, and health care costs, Arch Intern Med, 158, 1641, 10.1001/archinte.158.15.1641
Gray, 1985, Cost justification of a clinical pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic, Drug Intell Clin Pharm, 19, 575, 10.1177/106002808501900716
Campbell, 2000, Economic analysis of systematic anticoagulation management vs routine medical care for patients on oral warfarin therapy, Dis Manage Clin Outcomes, 2, 1
Ansell, 1997, Capillary whole blood prothrombin time monitoring: instrumentation and methodologies, 28:1
Lucas, 1987, A novel whole blood capillary technique for measuring prothrombin time, Am J Clin Pathol, 88, 442, 10.1093/ajcp/88.4.442
Yano, 1992, Bedside monitoring of warfarin therapy by a whole blood capillary coagulation monitor, Thromb Res, 66, 583, 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90312-X
Weibert, 1989, Evaluation of a capillary whole blood prothrombin time measurement system, Clin Pharm, 8, 864
Rose, 1993, Decentralized testing for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time using a dry chemistry portable analyzer, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 117, 611
Fabbrini, 1995, Pilot study to determine use of a TAS analyzer in an anticoagulation clinic setting [abstract], Blood, 86, 869a
Ansell, 1998, Performance of the AvocetPTprothrombin time system [abstract], Blood, 92, 112b
Gosselin, 2000, A comparison of point-of-care instruments designed for monitoring oral anticoagulation with standard laboratory methods, Thromb Haemost, 83, 698, 10.1055/s-0037-1613895
van den Besselar, 2000, A comparison of INRs determined with a whole blood prothrombin time device and two international reference preparations for thromboplastin, Thromb Haemost, 84, 410, 10.1055/s-0037-1614036
Kitchen, 1997, Monitoring oral anticoagulant treatment with the TAS near patient test system: comparison with conventional thromboplastins, J Clin Pathol, 50, 951, 10.1136/jcp.50.11.951
Douketis, 1998, Accuracy of a portable international normalization ratio monitor in outpatients receiving long-term oral anticoagulant therapy: comparison with a laboratory reference standard using clinically relevant criteria for agreement, Thromb Res, 92, 11, 10.1016/S0049-3848(98)00098-X
Cosmi, 2000, Accuracy of a portable prothrombin time monitor (CoaguChek) in patients on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy: a prospective multicenter study, Thromb Res, 100, 279, 10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00323-6
Earp, 2001, Accuracy and precision of the LifeScan INR monitor in anticoagulation clinics, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 12, 109
Oral Anticoagulation Monitoring Study Group, 2001, Prothrombin measurement using a patient self-testing system: Oral Anticoagulation Monitoring Study Group, Am J Clin Pathol, 115, 280
Oral Anticoagulation Monitoring Study Group, 2001, Point-of-care prothrombin time measurement for professional and patient self-testing use, Am J Clin Pathol, 115, 288, 10.1309/KM0J-G5V9-KCAG-CLEE
Earp, 2001, Patient self-testing with the LifeScan INR monitor [abstract], J Thromb Thrombolysis, 12, 109
Andrew, 1995, Monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in pediatric patients using a new microsample PT device [abstract], Blood, 86, 863a
Cachia, 1998, Accuracy and precision of the TAS analyser for near-patient INR testing by non-pathology staff in the community, J Clin Pathol, 51, 68, 10.1136/jcp.51.1.68
Jennings, 1991, Evaluation of the Cibra Corning Biotrack 512 coagulation monitor for the control of oral anticoagulation, J Clin Pathol, 44, 950, 10.1136/jcp.44.11.950
McCurdy, 1992, Accuracy and precision of a portable anticoagulation monitor in a clinical setting, Arch Intern Med, 152, 589, 10.1001/archinte.1992.00400150103019
Tripodi, 1993, Are capillary whole blood coagulation monitors suitable for the control of oral anticoagulant treatment by the international normalized ratio?, Thromb Haemost, 70, 921, 10.1055/s-0038-1649700
Tripodi, 1997, Determination of the international sensitivity index of a new near-patient testing device to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy, Thromb Haemost, 78, 855, 10.1055/s-0038-1657641
Kaatz, 1995, Accuracy of laboratory and portable monitor international normalized ratio determinations, Arch Intern Med, 155, 1861, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430170053006
Poller, 2002, European concerted action on anticoagulation: multicentre international sensitivity index calibration of two types of point-of-care prothrombin time monitor systems, Br J Haematol, 116, 844, 10.1046/j.0007-1048.2002.03361.x
Poller, 2003, An assessment of lyophilised plasmas for ISI calibration of CoaguChek and TAS whole blood prothrombin time monitors, J Clin Pathol, 56, 114, 10.1136/jcp.56.2.114
Poller, 2003, Reliability of international normalised ratios from two point of care test systems: comparison with conventional methods, BMJ, 327, 30, 10.1136/bmj.327.7405.30
Sickles, 1999, Point-of-care testing in coagulation and hemostasis: Implications for patient management, Dis Manage Health Outcomes, 6, 291
Beyth, 2000, A multicomponent intervention to prevent major bleeding complications in older patients receiving warfarin: a randomized, controlled trial, Ann Intern Med, 133, 687, 10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00010
Horstkotte, 1996, Improvement of prognosis by home prothrombin estimation in patients with life-long anticoagulant therapy [abstract], Eur Heart J, 17, 230
Hasenkam, 1997, Self-management of oral anticoagulant therapy after heart valve replacement, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 11, 935, 10.1016/S1010-7940(97)01204-9
Sawicki, 1999, A structured teaching and self-management program for patient receiving oral anticoagulation: a randomized controlled trial; Working Group for the Study of Patient Self-Management of Oral Anticoagulation, JAMA, 281, 145, 10.1001/jama.281.2.145
Kortke, 2001, International normalized ratio self-management after mechanical heart valve replacement: is an early start advantageous?, Ann Thorac Surg, 72, 44, 10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02656-X
Preiss, 2001, Additonal information from the GELIA database: analysis of benefit from self-management of oral anticoagulation (GELIA 6), Eur Heart J, 3, Q50, 10.1016/S1520-765X(01)90043-4
White, 1989, Home prothrombin time monitoring after the initiation of warfarin therapy: a randomized, prospective study, Ann Intern Med, 111, 730, 10.7326/0003-4819-111-9-730
Kaatz, 2001, Anticoagulation therapy home and office monitoring evaluation study, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 12, 111
Ansell, 1995, Long-term patient self-management of oral anticoagulation, Arch Intern Med, 155, 2185, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430200066010
Watzke, 2000, A prospective controlled trial comparing weekly self-testing and self-dosing with the standard management of patients on stable oral anticoagulation, Thromb Haemost, 83, 661, 10.1055/s-0037-1613888
Cromheecke, 2000, Oral anticoagulation self-management and management by a specialist anticoagulation clinic: a randomized cross-over comparison, Lancet, 556, 97, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02470-3
Gadisseur, 2001, Comparison of the quality of oral anticoagulant therapy through patient self-management versus management by specialized anticoagulation cliniccs in the Netherlands [abstract], Thromb Haemost, 86, (suppl)
Muller, 2001, Economic analysis of bleeding and thromboembolic sequelae after heart valve replacement (GELIA 7): the GELIA Study Group, Eur Heart J, 3, Q65, 10.1016/S1520-765X(01)90046-X
Ansell, 1998, Anticoagulation management as a risk factor for adverse events: grounds for improvement, J Thromb Thrombolysis, 5, S13, 10.1023/A:1013276601930
Samsa, 2000, Quality of anticoagulation management among patients with atrial fibrillation: results from a review of medical records from two communities, Arch Intern Med, 160, 967, 10.1001/archinte.160.7.967
Wilson, 1984, Computer assisted management of warfarin treatment, BMJ, 289, 422, 10.1136/bmj.289.6442.422
Ryan, 1989, Computer control of anticoagulant dose for therapeutic management, BMJ, 299, 1207, 10.1136/bmj.299.6709.1207
Weston Smith, 1989, Computer control of anticoagulant dose [letter], BMJ, 299, 1529
Poller, 1993, Prospective comparative study of computer programs used for management of warfarin, J Clin Pathol, 46, 299, 10.1136/jcp.46.4.299
Ageno, 1998, A randomized comparison of a computer-based dosing program with a manual system to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy [abstract], J Thromb Thrombolysis, 5, S69
Poller, 1998, The European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA): multicentre randomized study of computerized anticoagulant dosage, Lancet, 352, 1505, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04147-6
Manotti, 2001, Effect of computer aided management on the quality of treatment in anticoagulated patients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of APROAT, Haematologica, 86, 1060
Ageno, 2000, A computer generated induction system for hospitalized patients starting on oral anticoagulant therapy, Thromb Haemost, 83, 849, 10.1055/s-0037-1613932
Hellemons, 1999, Primary prevention of arterial thrombembolism in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation in primary care: randomized controlled trial comparing two intensities of coumarin with aspirin, BMJ, 319, 958, 10.1136/bmj.319.7215.958
Hutten, 1999, Comparison of three methods to assess therapeutic quality control of treatment with vitamin K antagonists, Thromb Haemost, 82, 1260, 10.1055/s-0037-1614372
Gottlieb, 1994, Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: does efficacy in clinical trials translate into effectiveness in practice?, Arch Intern Med, 154, 1945, 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420170093009
Lundstrom, 1989, Haemorrhagic and thrombembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulant prophylaxis, J Intern Med, 225, 137, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb00053.x
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, 1994, Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study, Lancet, 343, 687
Holm, 1999, Identification and surveillance of patients on oral anticoagulant therapy in a large geographic area-use of laboratory information systems, Thromb Haemost, 82, 858