The Epidemiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Callam, 1992, Prevalence of chronic leg ulceration and severe chronic venous disease in Western countries, Phlebologie, 7, 6
White, 1993, Chronic venous insufficiency, 865
Madar, 1986, Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, disorder or disease?, Vasa, 15, 126
Kaplan, 2003, Quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: San Diego population study, J Vasc Surg, 37, 1047, 10.1067/mva.2003.168
Kurz, 2001, Do varicose veins affect quality of life? Results of an international population-based study, J Vasc Surg, 34, 641, 10.1067/mva.2001.117333
Evans, 1999, How common is venous disease in the population, 3
Evans, 1994, Epidemiology of varicose veins. A review, Int Angiol, 13, 263
Browse, 1999, Physiology and functional anatomy, 49
Ballard, 2000, Pathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency, 17
Clarke, 1992, Venous wall function in the pathogenesis of varicose veins, Surgery, 111, 402
Cooper, 2003, Primary varicose veins: The sapheno-femoral junction, distribution of varicosities, and patterns of incompetence, Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 25, 53, 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1782
Sverdlova, 1998, Prevalence of the methylnetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation in patients with varicose veins of lower limbs, Mol Genet Metab, 63, 35, 10.1006/mgme.1997.2638
Ibrahim, 1996, Chronic venous insufficiency: Mechanisms and management, Am Heart J, 132, 856, 10.1016/S0002-8703(96)90322-1
Browse, 1999, Varicose veins: Pathology, 145
Svejcar, 1962, Content of collagen, elastin, and water in walls of the internal saphenous vein in man, Circ Res, 11, 296, 10.1161/01.RES.11.2.296
Svejcar, 1963, Content of collagen, elastin, and hexosamine in primary varicose veins, Clin Sci, 24, 325
Wali, 2003, Histopathological changes in the wall of varicose veins, Int Angiol, 22, 188
Sansilvestri-Morel, 2003, Chronic venous insufficiency: Dysregulation of collagen synthesis, Angiology, 54, S13, 10.1177/000331970305400103
Widmer, 1978
Evans, 1999, Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study, J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, 149, 10.1136/jech.53.3.149
Arnoldi, 1957, The aetiology of primary varicose veins, Dan Med Bull, 4, 102
Arnoldi, 1958, The heredity of venous insufficiency, Dan Med Bull, 5, 169
Porter, 1995, Reporting standards in venous disease: An update, J Vasc Surg, 21, 635, 10.1016/S0741-5214(95)70195-8
Burnand, 2001, The physiology and hemodynamics of chronic venous insufficiency, 49
Belcaro, 1998, Chronic venous insufficiency and the post-phlebitic syndrome, 66
Karch, 2001, Section on venous disease, 825
Thulesius, 1999, Physiologic observations on causes of varicose veins, 3
Cheng, 1995, Chronic venous insufficiency in a Chinese population: An anatomic and functional study by continuous-wave Doppler and photoplethysmography, Ann Vasc Surg, 9, 274, 10.1007/BF02135287
Fowkes, 2001, Lifestyle risk factors for lower limb venous reflux in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study, Int J Epidemiol, 30, 846, 10.1093/ije/30.4.846
Lionis, 2002, Chronic venous insufficiency. A common health problem in general practice in Greece, Int Angiol, 21, 86
Ruckley, 2002, Chronic venous insufficiency: Clinical and duplex correlations. The Edinburgh Vein Study of venous disorders in the general population, J Vasc Surg, 36, 520, 10.1067/mva.2002.126547
Kistner, 2001, Classification and diagnostic evaluation of chronic venous disease, 94
Rutherford, 2000, Venous severity scoring: An adjunct to venous outcome assessment, J Vasc Surg, 31, 1307, 10.1016/S0741-5214(00)90143-5
Kakkos, 2003, Validation of the new venous severity scoring system in varicose vein surgery, J Vasc Surg, 38, 224, 10.1016/S0741-5214(03)00323-9
Meissner, 2002, Performance characteristics of the venous clinical severity score, J Vasc Surg, 36, 889, 10.1067/mva.2002.128637
Mekky, 1969, Varicose veins in women cotton workers. An epidemiological study in England and Egypt, BMJ, 2, 591, 10.1136/bmj.2.5657.591
Beaglehole, 1976, Varicose veins in New Zealand: Prevalence and severity, N Z Med J, 84, 396
Criqui, 2003, Chronic venous disease in an ethnically diverse population, Am J Epidemiol, 158, 448, 10.1093/aje/kwg166
Kontosic, 2000, Work conditions as risk factors for varicose veins of the lower extremities in certain professions of the working population of Rijeka, Acta Med Okayama, 54, 33
Komsuoglu, 1994, Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in an elderly population, Gerontology, 40, 25, 10.1159/000213571
Laurikka, 2002, Risk indicators for varicose veins in forty- to sixty-year-olds in the Tampere Varicose Vein Study, World Journal of Surgery, 26, 648, 10.1007/s00268-001-0283-1
Dindelli, 1993, Risk factors for varicose disease before and during pregnancy, Angiology, 44, 361, 10.1177/000331979304400504
Hirai, 1990, Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in Japanese women, Angiology, 41, 228, 10.1177/000331979004100308
Scott, 1995, Risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency: A dual case–control study, J Vasc Surg, 22, 622, 10.1016/S0741-5214(95)70050-1
Lee, 2003, Lifestyle factors and the risk of varicose veins: Edinburgh Vein Study, J Clin Epidemiol, 56, 171, 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00518-8
Brand, 1988, The epidemiology of varicose veins: The Framingham Study, Am J Prev Med, 4, 96, 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)31203-0
Matousek, 1974, A contribution to the problem of the inheritance of primary varicose veins, Hum Hered, 24, 225, 10.1159/000152655
Berard, 2002, Risk factors for the first time development of venous ulcers of the lower limbs: The influence of heredity and physical activity, Angiology, 53, 647, 10.1177/000331970205300604
Gourgou, 2002, Lower limb venous insufficiency and tobacco smoking: A case–control study, Am J Epidemiol, 155, 1007, 10.1093/aje/155.11.1007
Laurikka, 1995, Misclassification in a questionnaire survey of varicose veins, J Clin Epidemiol, 48, 1175, 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00012-S
Maffei, 1986, Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in Brazil: Prevalence among 1755 inhabitants of a country town, Int J Epidemiol, 15, 210, 10.1093/ije/15.2.210
Coon, 1973, Venous thromboembolism and other venous disease in the Tecumseh Community Health Study, Circulation, 48, 839, 10.1161/01.CIR.48.4.839
Guberan, 1973, Causative factors of varicose veins: Myths and facts. An epidemiological study of 610 women, Vasa, 2, 115
Da Silva, 1974, Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency: Prevalence and risk factors in 4376 subjects of the Basle Study II, Vasa, 3, 118
Stanhope, 1975, Varicose veins in a population of Lowland New Guinea, Int J Epidemiol, 4, 221, 10.1093/ije/4.3.221
Abramson, 1981, The epidemiology of varicose veins. A survey in western Jerusalem, J Epidemiol Community Health, 35, 213, 10.1136/jech.35.3.213
Sisto, 1995, Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins in lower extremities: Mini-Finland Health Survey, Eur J Surg, 161, 405
Franks, 1992, Prevalence of venous disease: A community study in west London, Eur J Surg, 158, 143
Fowkes, 2001, Prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency, Angiology, 52S, S5, 10.1177/000331970105200102
Schultz-Ehrenberg, 1989, Prospective epidemiological investigations on early and pre-clinical stages of varicosis, 163
Lake, 1942, Arteriosclerosis and varicose veins: Occupational activities and other factors, JAMA, 119, 696, 10.1001/jama.1942.02830260010004
Canonico, 1998, Prevalence of varicose veins in an Italian elderly population, Angiology, 49, 129, 10.1177/000331979804900205
Stansby, 2000, Women, pregnancy, and varicose veins, Lancet, 355, 1117, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02057-2
Bernstein, 2001, Plasma volume expansion in early pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 97, 669, 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01222-9
Thornberg, 2000, Hemodynamic changes in pregnancy, Semin Perinatol, 24, 11, 10.1016/S0146-0005(00)80047-6
Chapman, 1998, Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early human pregnancy, Kidney Int, 54, 2056, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00217.x
Scott, 2002, Relaxin is a vasodilator hormone, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 283, R347, 10.1152/ajpregu.00264.2002
Kristiansson, 2001, Reproductive hormones and blood pressure during pregnancy, Hum Reprod, 16, 13, 10.1093/humrep/16.1.13
Novak, 2001, Relaxin is essential for renal vasodilation during pregnancy in conscious rats, J Clin Invest, 107, 1469, 10.1172/JCI11975
Dschietzig, 2003, Relaxin, a pregnancy hormone, is a functional endothelin-1 antagonist: Attenuation of endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction by stimulation of endothelin type-B receptor expression via ERK-1/2 and nuclear factor-jκB, Circ Res, 92, 32, 10.1161/01.RES.0000051884.27117.7E
Berard, 2001, Is hormone replacement therapy protective for venous ulcer of the lower limbs?, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 10, 245, 10.1002/pds.582
Vin, 1992, Influence of estrogens and progesterone on the venous system of the lower limbs in women, Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology, 18, 888, 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1992.tb02922.x
Ciardullo, 2000, High endogenous estradiol is associated with increased venous distensibility and clinical evidence of varicose veins in menopausal women, J Vasc Surg, 32, 544, 10.1067/mva.2000.107768
Boccalon, 1997, Characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency in 895 patients followed in general practice, Int Angiol, 16, 226
Seidell, 1986, Associations of moderate and severe overweight with self-reported illness and medical care in Dutch adults, Am J Public Health, 76, 264, 10.2105/AJPH.76.3.264
Seidell, 1986, Overweight and chronic illness-a retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 6–17 years, in men and women of initially 20–50 years of age, J Chronic Dis, 39, 585, 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90183-9
Van Noord, 1990, The relationship between fat distribution and some chronic disease in 11,825 women participating in the DOM-project, Int J Epidemiol, 19, 564, 10.1093/ije/19.3.564
Iannuzzi, 2002, Varicose veins of the lower limbs and venous capacitance in postmenopausal women: Relationship with obesity, J Vasc Surg, 36, 965, 10.1067/mva.2002.128315
Malhotra, 1972, An epidemiological study of varicose veins in Indian railroad workers from the South and North of India, with special reference to the causation and prevention of varicose veins, Int J Epidemiol, 1, 177, 10.1093/ije/1.2.177
Ducimetiere, 1981, Varicose veins: A risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in middle-aged men?, Int J Epidemiol, 10, 329, 10.1093/ije/10.4.329
Kaye, 1991, Association of body mass and fat distribution with sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women, Int J Epidemiol, 20, 151, 10.1093/ije/20.1.151
Judd, 1982, Origin of serum estradiol in postmenopausal women, Obstet Gynecol, 59, 680
Cauley, 1989, The epidemiology of serum sex steroids in postmenopausal women, Am J Epidemiol, 129, 1120, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115234
Hsueh, 1995, Ovarian Hormone Synthesis and Mechanism of Action
Tuchsen, 2000, Standing at work and varicose veins, Scand J Work Environ Health, 26, 414, 10.5271/sjweh.562
Krijnen, 1997, Venous insufficiency in male workers with a standing profession: Part 1: Epidemiology, Dermatology, 194, 111, 10.1159/000246077
Weddell, 1969, Varicose veins pilot survey, 1966, Br J Prev Soc Med, 23, 179
Cleave, 1959, Varicose veins: Nature's error or man's?, Lancet, 2, 172, 10.1016/S0140-6736(59)90577-X
Burkitt, 1976, A deficiency in dietary fiber may be one cause of certain colonic and venous disorders, Am J Dig Dis, 21, 104, 10.1007/BF01072052
Lee, 2001, Fiber intake, constipation, and risk of varicose veins in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study, J Clin Epidemiol, 54, 423, 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00300-0
Lee, 2000, Haemostatic factors and risk of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 11, 775, 10.1097/00001721-200012000-00012
Laurikka, 1993, Varicose veins in a Finnish population aged 40–60, J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, 355, 10.1136/jech.47.5.355
Evans, 1994, Measuring varicose veins in population surveys, J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, 212, 10.1136/jech.48.2.212-a
Bobek, 1966, A study of the frequency of venous diseases and influence of some etiologic factors, Phlebologie, 19, 217
Prior, 1970, The Carteron Study: Six patterns of vascular, respiratory, rheumatic, and related abnormalities in a sample of New Zealand European adults, N Z Med J, 72, 169
Stvrtinova, 1991, Prevalence of varicose veins of the lower limbs in the women working at a department store, Int Angiol, 10, 2
Novo, 1988, Prevalence of primitive varicose veins in a randomised population sample of western Sicily, Int J Angiol, 7, 176
Leipnitz, 1989, Prevalence of venous disease in the population: First results from a prospective study carried out in greater Aachen, 169