The Cholinergic Hypothesis of Geriatric Memory Dysfunction

ADAMOWICZ, J.K., VISUAL SHORT-TERM-MEMORY AND AGING, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 31: 39 (1976).

ADOLFSSON, R, CHANGES IN THE BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 135: 216 (1979).

10.1126/science.181.4100.682

ANSELL, G.B., ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 24: 431 (1978).

ANTUONO P AGING 13 (1980).

ARENBERG D HDB PSYCHOL AGING (1977).

BARBEAU, A, LECITHIN IN NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 299: 200 (1978).

BARTUS R.T. AGING 19:.

BARTUS, R.T., AGING 10: 85 (1979).

BARTUS R.T. AGING 17 (1981).

Bartus R. T. Assessment in Geriatric Psychopharmacology (1983).

BARTUS, R.T., RECENT MEMORY IN AGED NON-HUMAN PRIMATES - HYPERSENSITIVITY TO VISUAL INTERFERENCE DURING RETENTION, EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH 5: 385 (1979).

BARTUS, R.T., 4 STIMULANTS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM - EFFECTS ON SHORT-TERM-MEMORY IN YOUNG VERSUS AGED MONKEYS, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 27: 289 (1979).

BARTUS, R.T., AGING IN RHESUS-MONKEY - DEBILITATING EFFECTS ON SHORT-TERM-MEMORY, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 33: 858 (1978).

BARTUS, R.T., MEMORY DEFICITS IN AGED CEBUS MONKEYS AND FACILITATION WITH CENTRAL CHOLINOMIMETICS, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 1: 145 (1980).

BARTUS, R.T., PROFOUND EFFECTS OF COMBINING CHOLINE AND PIRACETAM ON MEMORY ENHANCEMENT AND CHOLINERGIC FUNCTION IN AGED RATS, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 105 (1981).

BARTUS, R.T., EVIDENCE FOR A DIRECT CHOLINERGIC INVOLVEMENT IN THE SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED AMNESIA IN MONKEYS - EFFECTS OF CONCURRENT ADMINISTRATION OF PHYSOSTIGMINE AND METHYLPHENIDATE WITH SCOPOLAMINE, PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 9: 833 (1978).

BARTUS, R.T., SHORT-TERM-MEMORY IN RHESUS-MONKEY - DISRUPTION FROM ANTI-CHOLINERGIC SCOPOLAMINE, PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 5: 39 (1976).

BARTUS, R.T., SHORT-TERM-MEMORY IN RHESUS-MONKEY - EFFECTS OF DOPAMINE BLOCKADE VIA ACUTE HALOPERIDOL ADMINISTRATION, PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 9: 353 (1978).

10.1126/science.227061

10.1126/science.7384805

BIRD, E.D., HUNTINGTONS-CHOREA - POSTMORTEM MEASUREMENT OF GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE, CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE AND DOPAMINE IN BASAL GANGLIA, BRAIN 97: 457 (1974).

10.1002/ana.410070408

BONDAREFF, W, LANCET 1: 784 (1981).

BOWEN, D.M., NEUROTRANSMITTER-RELATED ENZYMES AND INDEXES OF HYPOXIA IN SENILE DEMENTIA AND OTHER ABIOTROPHIES, BRAIN 99: 459 (1976).

BOWEN, D.M., TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE - A CAUTIONARY NOTE, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 305: 1016 (1981).

BOWEN, D.M., BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM OF THE AGING BRAIN AND IN SENILE DEMENTIA, PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 10: 315 (1980).

BOYD, W.D., CLINICAL EFFECTS OF CHOLINE IN ALZHEIMER SENILE DEMENTIA, LANCET 2: 711 (1977).

BRINKMAN, S.D., LECITHIN AND MEMORY TRAINING IN SUSPECTED ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 37: 4 (1982).

10.1126/science.112679

BRUNELLO, N, INCREASE IN EXOGENOUS CHOLINE FAILS TO ELEVATE THE CONTENT OR TURNOVER RATE OF CORTICAL, STRIATAL, OR HIPPOCAMPAL ACETYLCHOLINE, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 38: 1160 (1982).

BURESOVA, O, MECHANISMS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC-TRANSFER OF VISUAL INFORMATION IN RATS, ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS 33: 673 (1973).

BURNOTTE, R.E., PIRACETAM (2-PYRROLIDINONE ACETAMIDE) INDUCED MODIFICATIONS OF BRAIN POLYRIBOSOME PATTERN IN AGING RATS, BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY 22: 811 (1973).

CAIRD, W.K., J GERONTOL 21: 195 (1966).

CARLSSON A ERGOT COMPOUNDS BRAI (1980).

CHRISTIE, J.E., PHYSOSTIGMINE AND ARECOLINE - EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS IN ALZHEIMER PRESENILE-DEMENTIA, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 138: 46 (1981).

CHRISTIE J.E. NUTRITION BRAIN 5 (1979).

CLARK, E.O., PATTERN OF MEMORY LOSS RESULTING FROM INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED DIAZEPAM, ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 36: 296 (1979).

COHEN, E.L., BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINE - INCREASE AFTER SYSTEMIC CHOLINE ADMINISTRATION, LIFE SCIENCES 16: 1095 (1975).

CORKIN S AGING 19 (1982).

CROOK, T, MISPLACED-OBJECTS TASK - BRIEF TEST FOR MEMORY DYSFUNCTION IN THE AGED, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 27: 284 (1979).

DAVIES, P, ADV EXP MED BIOL 113: 251 (1978).

DAVIES, P, POSTMORTEM STABILITY OF ALPHA-BUNGAROTOXIN BINDING-SITES IN MOUSE AND HUMAN-BRAIN, BRAIN RESEARCH 216: 449 (1981).

DAVIES, P, BRAIN RES 138: 385 (1978).

DAVIES, P, CORTICAL SOMATOSTATIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN CASES OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AND SENILE DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER TYPE, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 9 (1981).

DAVIES P STRATEGIES DEV EFFEC (1981).

DAVIS, K.L., CHOLINE CHLORIDE IN METHYLPHENIDATE-INDUCED AND APOMORPHINE-INDUCED STEREOTYPY, LIFE SCIENCES 22: 2171 (1978).

DAVIS, K.L., LIFE SCI 22: 2699 (1978).

DAVIS, K.L., CHOLINE FOR TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 293: 152 (1975).

DAVIS, K.L., ENHANCEMENT OF MEMORY BY PHYSOSTIGMINE, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 301: 946 (1979).

DAVIS, K.L., PHYSOSTIGMINE - EFFECTS ON COGNITION AND AFFECT IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 51: 23 (1976).

10.1126/science.351807

DEAN, R.L., AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR ACROSS THE LIFE-SPAN OF THE C57BL 6J MOUSE, EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH 7: 427 (1981).

DECARVALHO, L.P., THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE LOCUS COERULEUS IN MEMORY, BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL BIOLOGY 31: 173 (1981).

10.1126/science.174.4011.788

DRACHMAN, D.A., HUMAN MEMORY AND CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM - RELATIONSHIP TO AGING, ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 30: 113 (1974).

DRACHMAN, D.A., MEMORY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY - A PRELIMINARY TRIAL OF PHYSOSTIGMINE, ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 37: 674 (1980).

DRACHMAN, D.A., AGING, MEMORY, AND THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM - A STUDY OF DICHOTIC-LISTENING, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 1: 39 (1980).

DRACHMAN, D.A., MEMORY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN MAN - DOES CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM HAVE A SPECIFIC ROLE, NEUROLOGY 27: 783 (1977).

ECKERNAS, S. A., ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 449: 1 (1977).

ELIAS, P.K., NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 165 (1981).

ETIENNE, P, LANCET 1: 500 (1978).

ETIENNE, P, LECITHIN IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, LANCET 2: 1206 (1978).

ETIENNE, P, ALZHEIMER-DISEASE - LACK OF EFFECT OF LECITHIN TREATMENT FOR 3 MONTHS, NEUROLOGY 31: 1552 (1981).

FERRIS, S. H., Combination Choline/Piracetam Treatment of Senile Dementia, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 18: 94 (1982).

10.1126/science.472728

FINCH, C.E., CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM IN BRAINS OF AGING MALE MICE, BRAIN RESEARCH 52: 261 (1973).

FLENTGE, F, ACUTE CHOLINE ADMINISTRATION IN RAT AND MOUSE - NO EFFECT ON DOPAMINE METABOLISM IN BRAIN, LIFE SCIENCES 29: 331 (1981).

Fletcher, H. J., Behavior of Non-Human Primates 1: 129 (1965).

FORNO, L. S., JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 37: 614 (1978).

FOVALL, P, CHOLINE BITARTRATE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER-TYPE DEMENTIAS, COMMUNICATIONS IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 4: 141 (1980).

FREEMAN, J.J., PLASMA CHOLINE - ITS TURNOVER AND EXCHANGE WITH BRAIN CHOLINE, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 24: 729 (1975).

FREUND, G, CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR LOSS IN BRAINS OF AGING MICE, LIFE SCIENCES 26: 371 (1980).

FRIEDMAN, E, CLINICAL-RESPONSE TO CHOLINE PLUS PIRACETAM IN SENILE DEMENTIA - RELATION TO RED-CELL CHOLINE LEVELS, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 304: 1490 (1981).

FROLKIS, V.V., INTERDISCIP TOP GERO 16: 1 (1979).

GETENBERG, A.J., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 136: 772 (1979).

GHONEIM, M.M., EFFECTS OF DIAZEPAM AND SCOPOLAMINE ON STORAGE, RETRIEVAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES IN MEMORY, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA 44: 257 (1975).

GIBSON, G.E., NEUROTRANSMITTER AND CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM DURING AGING AND MILD HYPOXIA, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 165 (1981).

GIBSON, G.E., BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS DECLINES WITH SENESCENCE, SCIENCE 213: 674 (1981).

GLEN, AIM, CHOLINE UPTAKE IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER PRESENILE-DEMENTIA, PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 11: 469 (1981).

GLURGEA, C, CURR DEV PSYCHOPHARM 3: 221 (1976).

GOBERT J.G. ALTERN (1973).

GOLD, P.E., ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 16: 145 (1975).

GOVONI, S, DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY IN BRAIN AND RETINA OF RATS DURING AGING, BRAIN RESEARCH 138: 565 (1977).

GRAUER, H, DEPRESSION IN AGED - THEORETICAL CONCEPTS, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 25: 447 (1977).

10.1212/WNL.29.9_Part_1.1209

HAUBRICH, D.R., INCREASE IN RAT-BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINE INDUCED BY CHOLINE OR DEANOL, LIFE SCIENCES 17: 975 (1975).

HAUBRICH, D.R., REGULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS IN NERVOUS-TISSUE, LIFE SCIENCES 20: 1465 (1977).

HAUBRICH D.R. NUTRITION BRAIN 5 (1979).

HIRSCH, M.J., LECITHIN CONSUMPTION INCREASES ACETYLCHOLINE CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT-BRAIN AND ADRENAL-GLAND, SCIENCE 202: 223 (1978).

HOLBERT, N.M., GERONTOLOGY 1: 131 (1976).

INGRAM, D.K., AGE AND NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF RADIAL MAZE PERFORMANCE IN RATS, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 41 (1981).

IVERSEN, S.D., INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 19: 1 (1976).

JAMES, T.C., ALTERATIONS IN ATROPINE SITES OF BRAIN OF RATS AS A FUNCTION OF AGE, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 72: 170 (1976).

JENDEN D.J. AGING 18 (1982).

JENSEN, R.A., AGING 1980S PSYCHOL: 191 (1980).

JONEC, V, AGING AND DOPAMINE UPTAKE BY SUBCELLULAR-FRACTIONS OF C57BL-6J MALE MOUSE-BRAIN, BRAIN RESEARCH 91: 197 (1975).

JOPE, R.S., HIGH-AFFINITY CHOLINE TRANSPORT AND ACETYLCOA PRODUCTION IN BRAIN AND THEIR ROLES IN THE REGULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS, BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1: 313 (1979).

JOSEPH, J.A., AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN NIGROSTRIATUM - BEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL-ANALYSIS, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 33: 643 (1978).

KABES, J, BIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF PIRACETAM CLINICAL EFFECTS IN PSYCHOTIC-PATIENTS, JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH 7: 277 (1979).

KAHN, R.L., MEMORY COMPLAINT AND IMPAIRMENT IN AGED - EFFECT OF DEPRESSION AND ALTERED BRAIN-FUNCTION, ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 32: 1569 (1975).

KATZMAN R AGING 7 (1978).

KATZMAN, R, LANCET 2: 1403 (1976).

10.1126/science.515735

KUBANIS, P, AGE-RELATED BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES - A REVIEW WITH AN EMPHASIS ON MEMORY, BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL BIOLOGY 31: 115 (1981).

KUHAR, J.J., BIOL CHOLINERGIC FUN: 3 (1976).

KUTZ, P, BEHAV REV 1: 25 (1977).

LADINSKY H NUTRITION BRAIN 5 (1979).

LAWRENCE, G.M., J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS 43: 452 (1980).

LEATHWOOD, P.D., PHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE AND AVOIDANCE PERFORMANCE IN 17-MONTH-OLD SEC 1REJ MICE, LIFE SCIENCES 30: 1065 (1982).

LEONG, S.F., ENERGY-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN BRAIN-REGIONS OF ADULT AND AGING RATS, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 37: 1548 (1981).

LIEBERMAN, A, DEMENTIA IN PARKINSON DISEASE, ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 6: 355 (1979).

LIPPA, A.S., NEUROBIOL AGING 1: 10 (1980).

LIPPA, A.S., NEUROBIOL AGING 2: 1 (1981).

LORANGER, A.W., INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT IN PARKINSONS SYNDROME, BRAIN 95: 405 (1972).

MAKMAN, M.H., EVIDENCE FOR SELECTIVE LOSS OF BRAIN DOPAMINE-STIMULATED HISTAMINE-STIMULATED ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITIES IN RABBITS WITH AGING, BRAIN RESEARCH 192: 177 (1980).

MANN, DMA, CHANGES IN THE MONOAMINE CONTAINING NEURONS OF THE HUMAN CNS IN SENILE DEMENTIA, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 136: 533 (1980).

MARRIOTT, J.G., AGE-DIFFERENCES IN SHORT-TERM-MEMORY OF TEST-SOPHISTICATED RHESUS-MONKEYS, AGE 3: 7 (1980).

MARRIOTT, J.G., SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE. ABSTRACTS 5: 319 (1979).

MCGEER, E.G., ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 16: 287 (1975).

MCGEER, E.G., AGING AND BRAIN ENZYMES, EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY 6: 391 (1971).

MCGEER, P.L., ENZYMES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLISM OF CATECHOLAMINES, ACETYLCHOLINE AND GABA IN HUMAN CONTROLS AND PATIENTS WITH PARKINSONS-DISEASE AND HUNTINGTONS-CHOREA, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 26: 65 (1976).

MCKAY, A.C., EFFECT OF ORAL BENZODIAZEPINES ON MEMORY, BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 52: 1247 (1980).

MEDIN, D.L., FORM PERCEPTION AND PATTERN REPRODUCTION BY MONKEYS, JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 68: 412 (1969).

MEEK, J.L., AGING-INDUCED CHANGES IN ACETYLCHOLINE AND SEROTONIN CONTENT OF DISCRETE BRAIN NUCLEI, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 32: 129 (1977).

MEIERRUGE W.O. DEV NEUROSCIENCE 3 (1978).

MESULAM, M.M., ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE-RICH PROJECTIONS FROM BASAL FOREBRAIN OF RHESUS-MONKEY TO NEOCORTEX, BRAIN RESEARCH 109: 152 (1976).

MEWALDT, S.P., EFFECTS AND INTERACTIONS OF SCOPOLAMINE, PHYSOSTIGMINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE ON HUMAN-MEMORY, PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 10: 205 (1979).

MILLER N.E. AGING 15 (1981).

MOHS, R.C., CHOLINE CHLORIDE TREATMENT OF MEMORY DEFICITS IN THE ELDERLY, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 136: 1275 (1979).

MOHS, R.C., CHOLINE CHLORIDE EFFECTS ON MEMORY IN THE ELDERLY, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 1: 21 (1980).

MORIN, A.M., NEUROCHEM RES 5: 310 (1980).

MURAMOTO, O, EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE ON CONSTRUCTIONAL AND MEMORY TASKS IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 36: 501 (1979).

NICHOLSON, A.N., INHIBITORY AND DISINHIBITORY EFFECTS OF NITRAZEPAM, DIAZEPAM AND FLURAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDE ON DELAYED MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN MONKEYS (MACACA-MULATTA), NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 13: 919 (1974).

NICKOLSON, V.J., EFFECT OF ACQUISITION-ENHANCING DRUG PIRACETAM ON RAT CEREBRAL ENERGY-METABOLISM - COMPARISON WITH NAFTIDROFURYL AND METHAMPHETAMINE, BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY 25: 2241 (1976).

NORDBERG A AGING 13 (1980).

ORDY J.M. ADV BEHAVIORAL BIOL 16 (1975).

PALACIOS, J.M., MOL PHARM 16: 1984 (1979).

PATEL, M.S., AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM IN RAT-BRAIN, JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY 32: 643 (1977).

PEARCE, J, EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDER OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY 12: 94 (1974).

PERRY, E.K., CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN OLD-AGE AND ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, AGE AND AGEING 9: 1 (1980).

PERRY, E.K., CORRELATION OF CHOLINERGIC ABNORMALITIES WITH SENILE PLAQUES AND MENTAL TEST-SCORES IN SENILE DEMENTIA, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2: 1457 (1978).

PERRY, E.K., NEUROTRANSMITTER ENZYME ABNORMALITIES IN SENILE DEMENTIA - CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE AND GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITIES IN NECROPSY BRAIN-TISSUE, JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 34: 247 (1977).

PERRY, E.K., NEUROPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 51: 279 (1981).

PERRY, E.K., NECROPSY EVIDENCE OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC DEFICITS IN SENILE DEMENTIA, LANCET 1: 189 (1977).

PERRY, E.K., NORADRENERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMS IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE, LANCET 2: 149 (1981).

PERRY, E.K., CHOLINERGIC CONNECTION BETWEEN NORMAL AGING AND SENILE DEMENTIA IN HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS, NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 6: 85 (1977).

PERRY, E.K., COENZYME A-ACETYLATING ENZYMES IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE - POSSIBLE CHOLINERGIC COMPARTMENT OF PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE, NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 18: 105 (1980).

PETERS, B.H., EFFECTS OF PHYSOSTIGMINE AND LECITHIN ON MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER-DISEASE, ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 6: 219 (1979).

REIS, D.J., CHANGES IN ACTIVITY AND AMOUNTS OF ENZYMES SYNTHESIZING CATECHOLAMINES AND ACETYLCHOLINE IN BRAIN, ADRENAL-MEDULLA, AND SYMPATHETIC-GANGLIA OF AGED RAT AND MOUSE, BRAIN RESEARCH 136: 465 (1977).

REISINE, T.D., PRESYNAPTIC AND POSTSYNAPTIC NEUROCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, BRAIN RESEARCH 159: 477 (1978).

RENVOISE, D.G., NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 301: 330 (1979).

RISCH, S.C., PHYSOSTIGMINE INDUCTION OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN NORMAL HUMAN-SUBJECTS, PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH 4: 89 (1981).

ROSSOR, M, REDUCED CORTICAL CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE IS NOT ACCOMPANIED BY CHANGES IN VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE, BRAIN RESEARCH 201: 249 (1980).

ROSSOR, M.N., ARGININE VASOPRESSIN AND CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE IN BRAINS OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER TYPE SENILE DEMENTIA, LANCET 2: 1367 (1980).

ROSSOR, M.N., NORMAL CORTICAL CONCENTRATION OF CHOLECYSTOKININ-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY WITH REDUCED CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE, LIFE SCIENCES 29: 405 (1981).

SARA, S.J., HYPOXIA-INDUCED AMNESIA IN ONE-TRIAL LEARNING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROTECTION BY PIRACETAM, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA 25: 32 (1972).

SCHMIDT, D.E., NEUROSCIENCE ABSTRACTS 4: 433 (1978).

SEVERSON, J.A., REDUCED DOPAMINERGIC BINDING DURING AGING IN THE RODENT STRIATUM, BRAIN RESEARCH 192: 147 (1980).

SHERMAN, K.A., PRESYNAPTIC CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS IN BRAIN OF AGED RATS WITH MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 99 (1981).

SHUTE, CCD, ASCENDING CHOLINERGIC RETICULAR SYSTEM - NEOCORTICAL OLFACTORY AND SUBCORTICAL PROJECTIONS, BRAIN 90: 497 (1967).

SIGNORET, J.L., INFLUENCE OF CHOLINE ON AMNESIA IN EARLY ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, LANCET 2: 837 (1978).

SIMPKINS, J.W., EVIDENCE FOR DEPRESSED CATECHOLAMINE AND ENHANCED SEROTONIN METABOLISM IN AGING MALE RATS - POSSIBLE RELATION TO GONADOTROPIN SECRETION, ENDOCRINOLOGY 100: 1672 (1977).

SIMS, N.R., PRODUCTION OF [C-14]-LABELED ACETYLCHOLINE AND [C-14]-LABELED CARBON-DIOXIDE FROM [U-C-14]GLUCOSE IN TISSUE PRISMS FROM AGING RAT-BRAIN, JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 38: 488 (1982).

SIMS, N.R., GLUCOSE-METABOLISM AND ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS IN RELATION TO NEURONAL-ACTIVITY IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, LANCET 1: 333 (1980).

SITARAM, N, CHOLINE - SELECTIVE ENHANCEMENT OF SERIAL-LEARNING AND ENCODING OF LOW IMAGERY WORDS IN MAN, LIFE SCIENCES 22: 1555 (1978).

10.1126/science.351808

SMITH, C.M., POSSIBLE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF MEMORY DISORDER IN ALZHEIMER-DISEASE, ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 3: 471 (1978).

SMITH, C.M., CHOLINE THERAPY IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, LANCET 2: 318 (1978).

SMITH, C.M., LANCET 1: 42 (1979).

SOLOLOFF L BRAIN FUNCTION OLD A (1979).

SPETH, R.C., ABILITY OF CHOLINE AND ITS ANALOGS TO INTERACT WITH MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS IN THE RAT-BRAIN, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 58: 197 (1979).

SPILLANE, J.A., SELECTIVE VULNERABILITY OF NEURONS IN ORGANIC DEMENTIA, NATURE 266: 558 (1977).

SPOKES, EGS, ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS OF DOPAMINE, NORADRENALINE, GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE AND CHOLINE ACETYLASE IN HUMAN POSTMORTEM BRAIN-TISSUE, BRAIN 102: 333 (1979).

STRONG, R, AGE-RELATED ALTERATIONS IN THE RODENT BRAIN CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 1: 59 (1980).

SYLVIA, A.L., EFFECTS OF AGE ON BRAIN OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM INVIVO, BRAIN RESEARCH 165: 235 (1979).

THAL, L.J., CHOLINE CHLORIDE FAILS TO IMPROVE COGNITION IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2: 205 (1981).

TIMIRAS P.S. DEV PHYSL AGING (1972).

TOMLINSON, B.E., CELL LOSS IN THE LOCUS COERULEUS IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE, JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 49: 419 (1981).

UNSWORTH, B.R., NEUROTRANSMITTER ENZYMES IN TELENCEPHALON, BRAIN-STEM AND CEREBELLUM DURING THE ENTIRE LIFE-SPAN OF THE MOUSE, MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT 13: 205 (1980).

VALZELLI, L, PIRACETAM ACTIVITY MAY DIFFER ACCORDING TO THE AGE OF THE RECIPIENT MOUSE, INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 15: 150 (1980).

VIJAYAN, V.K., CHOLINERGIC ENZYMES IN CEREBELLUM AND HIPPOCAMPUS OF SENESCENT MOUSE, EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY 12: 7 (1977).

VIJAYASHANKAR, N, QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE PIGMENTED NEURONS IN THE NUCLEI LOCUS COERULEUS AND SUBCOERULEUS IN MAN AS RELATED TO AGING, JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 38: 490 (1979).

VROULIS, G.A., PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 17: 127 (1981).

WANG H.S. AGING DEMENTIA (1977).

CHOLINE ADMINISTRATION - MODIFICATION OF CENTRAL ACTIONS OF ATROPINE, SCIENCE 199: 86 (1978).

WENK, H, CHOLINERGIC PROJECTIONS FROM MAGNOCELLULAR NUCLEI OF THE BASAL FOREBRAIN TO CORTICAL AREAS IN RATS, BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 2: 295 (1980).

WHITE, P, NEOCORTICAL CHOLINERGIC NEURONS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE, LANCET 1: 668 (1977).

WHITEHOUSE, P.J., ALZHEIMER-DISEASE - EVIDENCE FOR SELECTIVE LOSS OF CHOLINERGIC NEURONS IN THE NUCLEUS BASALIS, ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 10: 122 (1981).

10.1126/science.7058341

WHITELEY, A, REV NEUROL 135: 565 (1973).

WURTMAN, R.J., PIRACETAM DIMINISHES HIPPOCAMPAL ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS IN RATS, LIFE SCIENCES 28: 1091 (1981).

YATES, C.M., DOPAMINE IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AND SENILE DEMENTIA, LANCET 2: 851 (1979).

YATES, C.M., ALZHEIMER-LIKE CHOLINERGIC DEFICIENCY IN DOWN SYNDROME, LANCET 2: 979 (1980).

ZORNETZER, S.F., LOCUS COERULEUS AND LABILE MEMORY, PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR 9: 227 (1978).

ZORNETZER, S.F., LOCUS COERULEUS - ITS POSSIBLE ROLE IN MEMORY CONSOLIDATION, PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 16: 331 (1976).