Technical specifications for the monitoring and reporting of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) on animals and food (VTEC surveys on animals and food)

Beutin, 1996, Rapid detection and isolation of shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli by direct testing of individual enterohemolytic colonies from washed sheep blood agar plates in the VTEC-RPLA assay, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, 2812, 10.1128/JCM.34.11.2812-2814.1996

Beutin L Jahn S Fach P 2009 Evaluation of the ‘GeneDisc’ real-time PCR system for detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 strains according to their virulence markers and their O- and H-antigen-associated genes 1122 1132

EC (European Commission) 2003 Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures Relating to Public Health on Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) in foodstuffs 1 64 ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scv/out58_en.pdf

EC (European Community) 2003 Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Council Decision 90/424/EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/117/EEC, OJ L325 31 40

EC (European Community) 1998 Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 setting up a network for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable diseases in the Community, OJ L 268 1 7

EC (European Community) 2002 Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law 1 24

EC (European Community) 2003 Council Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents 31

EC (European Community) 2004a Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin, OJ L 139 55 205

EC (European Community) 2004b Corrigendum to Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law 1 52

EC (European Community) 2005 Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 338 1 26

EFSA, 2006, Annex III of the Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on the request from the Commission related to “Risk assessment and mitigation options of Salmonella in pig production” Technical Specifications, Annex III of The EFSA Journal (2006), 341, 125

EFSA, 2007, Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards on a request from EFSA on monitoring of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and identification of human pathogenic VTEC types, The EFSA Journal, 579, 1

EFSA, 2009, The Community Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses and Zoonotic Agents in the European Union in 2007, The EFSA Journal, 223

Heuvelink, 1998, Occurrence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on Dutch dairy farms, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36, 3480, 10.1128/JCM.36.12.3480-3487.1998

Kuhnert, 2005, Prevalence and risk-factor analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in faecal samples of organically and conventionally farmed dairy cattle, Veterinary Microbiology, 109, 37, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.02.015

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 1999 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Preparation of test samples, initial suspension and decimal dilutions for microbiological examination - Part 1

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2001 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Preparation of test samples, initial suspension and decimal dilutions for microbiological examination - Part 2

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Preparation of test samples, initial suspension and decimal dilutions for microbiological examination - Part 3

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Preparation of test samples, initial suspension and decimal dilutions for microbiological examination - Part 4

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Protocol for the validation of alternative methods

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 2006 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of food-borne pathogens -Requirements for sample preparation for qualitative detection

Mather, 2007, Risk factors for hide contamination of Scottish cattle at slaughter with Escherichia coli O157, PreventiveVeterinary Medecine 2007, 80, 257

McEvoy, 2003, The prevalence and spread of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a commercial beef abattoir, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95, 256, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01981.x

Milnes, 2008, Intestinal carriage of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, thermophilic Campylobacter and Yersinia enterocolitica, in cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in Great Britain during 2003. Epidemiology and Infection, 136, 739

Nielsen, 2003, Detection and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by automated 5′ nuclease PCR assay, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 2884, 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2884-2893.2003

O'Brien, 2005, Prevalence and numbers of Escherichia coli O157 on bovine hides at a beef slaughter plant, Journal of Food Protection, 68, 660, 10.4315/0362-028X-68.4.660

Paiba, 2003, Prevalence of faecal excretion of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in cattle in England and Wales, Veterinary Record, 153, 347, 10.1136/vr.153.12.347

Paton, 1998, Detection and characterisation of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfbO111, and rfbO157, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36, 598, 10.1128/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998

Perelle, 2004, Detection by 5′-nuclease PCR of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O26, O55, O91, O103, O111, O113, O145 and O157:H7, associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases, Molecular and Cellular Probes, 18, 185, 10.1016/j.mcp.2003.12.004

Perelle, 2005, Detection of Escherichia coli serogroup O103 by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98, 1162, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02545.x

Posse, 2008, Quantitative isolation efficiency of O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 STEC serotypes from artificially contaminated food and cattle faeces samples using a new isolation protocol, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105, 227, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03739.x

Posse, 2008a, Novel differential and confirmation plating media for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and sorbitol-positive and -negative O157, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 282, 124, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01121.x

Posse B de Zutter L Heyndrickx M Herman L 2008b Quantitative isolation efficiency of O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 STEC serotypes from artificially contaminated food and cattle faeces samples using a new isolation protocol 227 235

Reid, 2002, Presence of food-borne pathogens on cattle hides, Food Control, 13, 411, 10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00050-0

Schouten, Prevalence estimation and risk factors for Escherichia coli O157 on Dutch dairy farms, Preventive Veterinary Medecine 2004, 64, 49

Teagasc 2006 E. coli O157:H7 in beef burgers produced in the Republic of Ireland: A quantitative microbial risk assessment

Tutenel, 2003, Isolation and molecular characterisation of Escherichia coli O157 isolated form cattle, pigs and chickens at slaughter, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 84, 63, 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00395-1

Vimont, 2007, Supplementation of enrichment broths by novobiocin for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from food: a controversial use, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 44, 326, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02059.x

Zschöck, 2000, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in faeces of healthy dairy cows, sheep and goats: prevalence and virulence properties, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 31, 203, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00789.x