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Nghiên cứu về các chất ô nhiễm độc hại bền vững trong lưu vực sông—đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu này trình bày một phương pháp bổ sung cho việc đánh giá chất lượng nước trong một lưu vực sông thông qua việc sử dụng cả hai phương pháp lấy mẫu chủ động và thụ động. Các chất ô nhiễm độc hại bền vững đại diện cho ba lớp: thuốc trừ sâu gốc clo (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) và hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng (PAHs) đã được nghiên cứu trong các mẫu nước lấy đơn lẻ, trong các bộ lấy mẫu thụ động/Màng Thấm Bán Thấm (SPMDs) và trong mô mềm cá được thu thập dọc theo dòng sông Strymonas, miền bắc Hy Lạp trong ba chiến dịch lấy mẫu trong năm 2013. Hầu hết các hợp chất mục tiêu đều được phát hiện trong dòng sông Strymonas, miền bắc Hy Lạp trong các thời kỳ có mưa lớn và/hoặc lưu lượng chảy thấp. Các hợp chất thường xuyên nhất được phát hiện là 1,2-benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin aldehyde, fluorene, methoxychlor, polychlorinated biphenyl PCB 28, PCB 180 và pyrene. Họ hợp chất DDT và aldrin cũng thỉnh thoảng được phát hiện. Nước thải từ nông nghiệp và nước thải là các nguồn chính của các hợp chất hữu cơ ưa nước trong lưu vực sông. Việc sử dụng SPMDs cho phép phát hiện nhiều vi chất ô nhiễm hơn so với việc lấy mẫu chủ động (31 so với 16, tương ứng). Kết quả chỉ ra rằng nguy cơ tương đối thấp, tuy nhiên, nguy cơ tiềm ẩn liên quan đến các vi chất ô nhiễm như 1,2-benzanthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), endosulfan II, methoxychlor, PCB 180 và pyrene không nên bị bỏ qua. Việc thực hiện đánh giá rủi ro dựa trên việc lấy mẫu thụ động giúp thu thập thêm thông tin về biến động theo thời gian và không gian. SPMDs có thể được áp dụng như một bước đánh giá trước khi thực hiện giám sát hóa học trong sinh vật.
Từ khóa
#chất ô nhiễm độc hại bền vững #chất lượng nước #lấy mẫu thụ động #ecotoxicology #Strymonas #vệ sinh môi trườngTài liệu tham khảo
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