Spectrum of microorganisms in infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis – Impact on organ failure and mortality

Beger, 2003, Natural history of necrotizing pancreatitis, Pancreatology, 3, 93, 10.1159/000070076 Banks, 2006, Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis, Am J Gastroenterol, 101, 2379, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00856.x Ho, 1997, The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in severe acute pancreatitis, Arch Surg, 132, 487, 10.1001/archsurg.1997.01430290033004 Beger, 1997, Natural course of acute pancreatitis, World J Surg, 21, 130, 10.1007/s002689900204 Besselink, 2009, Timing and impact of infections in acute pancreatitis, Br J Surg, 96, 267, 10.1002/bjs.6447 Behrman, 2011, The microbiology of secondary and postoperative pancreatic infections: implications for antimicrobial management, Arch Surg, 146, 613, 10.1001/archsurg.2011.85 Banks, 2013, Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus, Gut, 62, 102, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779 Vincent, 1996, The SOFA (Sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the working group on sepsis-related problems of the European society of intensive care medicine, Intensiv Care Med, 22, 707, 10.1007/BF01709751 Balthazar, 1990, Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis, Radiology, 174, 331, 10.1148/radiology.174.2.2296641 Mortele, 2004, A modified CT severity index for evaluating acute pancreatitis: improved correlation with patient outcome, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 183, 1261, 10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831261 Petrov, 2010, Organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis as determinants of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis, Gastroenterology, 139, 813, 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.010 Garg, 2005, Association of extent and infection of pancreatic necrosis with organ failure and death in acute necrotizing pancreatitis, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 3, 159, 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00665-2 Villatoro, 2010, Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD002941 Wittau, 2011, Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis in severe acute pancreatitis, Scand J Gastroenterol, 46, 261, 10.3109/00365521.2010.531486 Zerem, 2009, Randomized controlled trial on sterile fluid collections management in acute pancreatitis: should they be removed?, Surg Endosc, 23, 2770, 10.1007/s00464-009-0487-2 Rische, 2013, Transmural endoscopic necrosectomy of infected pancreatic necroses and drainage of infected pseudocysts: a tailored approach, Scand J Gastroenterol, 48, 231, 10.3109/00365521.2012.752029 Negm, 2013, Microbiologic analysis of peri-pancreatic fluid collected during EUS in patients with pancreatitis: impact on antibiotic therapy, Gastrointest Endosc, 78, 303, 10.1016/j.gie.2013.03.001 Gotzinger, 2000, Candida infection of local necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis is associated with increased mortality, Shock, 14, 320, 10.1097/00024382-200014030-00014 Vege, 2009, Outcomes of intra-abdominal fungal vs. bacterial infections in severe acute pancreatitis, Am J Gastroenterol, 104, 2065, 10.1038/ajg.2009.280 Besselink, 2009, Intestinal barrier dysfunction in a randomized trial of a specific probiotic composition in acute pancreatitis, Ann Surg, 250, 712, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181bce5bd Macari, 2001, CT of bowel wall thickening: significance and pitfalls of interpretation, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 176, 1105, 10.2214/ajr.176.5.1761105 Glynn, 1986, Tropical sprue – its aetiology and pathogenesis, J R Soc Med, 79, 599, 10.1177/014107688607901015