Skeletal indicators of locomotor behavior in living and extinct carnivores

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology - Tập 7 Số 2 - Trang 162-182 - 1987
Blaire Van Valkenburgh1,2
1Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Akersten, W. A. 1985.Canine function inSmilodon(Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, Number 35622

Albignac R., 1970, La Terre et la Vie, 3, 395

10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00034.x

Bakker R. T., 1983, Coevolution, 350

10.2307/1375014

Behrensmeyer A. K., 1975, Bulletin, 146, 473

Brain, C. K. 1981.The hunters or the hunted?365Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Breeden, Stanley and Breeden, Kay. 1973.Wildlife of eastern Australia224New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.

Brosset A., 1968, La Terre et la Vie, 22, 29

Burt, W. H. and Grossenheider, R. P. 1976.A field guide to the mammals,, 3rd Edition 289Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Cartmill M., 1974, Primate locomotion, 73

Cartmill M., 1985, Functional vertebrate morphology, 73, 10.4159/harvard.9780674184404.c5

Chapman, J. A. and Feldhammer, G. 1982.Wild mammals of North America1147Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

Clark J., 1967, Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs, 5, 1

Collinson M. E., 1985, Vegetational succession and related mammalian faunal changes in the early Tertiary of southern England. Third International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology Abstracts: 38

Davis D. D., 1949, Zoology, 31, 285

Davis D. D., 1962, Singapore Natural History Museum, 31, 1

Davis D. D., 1964, Fieldiana: Zoology Memoirs, 3, 1

10.1086/278357

Eisenberg, J. F. 1981.The mammalian radiations610Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Eisenberg J. F., 1966, Zoologica, 51, 49

Eisenberg J. F., 1979, Vertebrate ecology in the northern Neotropics, 187

Emerson S., 1980, Paleobiology, 6, 295, 10.1017/S0094837300006813

Emry R. J., 1982, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 47, 1, 10.5479/si.00810266.47.1

10.2307/3798360

Ewer, R. F. 1973.The carnivores494Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Fleay D., 1932, Victorian Naturalist, 49, 63

10.2307/1936466

Gambaryan, P. P. 1974.How mammals run367New York: John Wiley and Sons.

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb02087.x

10.1515/mamm.1961.25.1.1

Gonyea W. J., 1976, Paleobiology, 2, 332, 10.1017/S0094837300004966

10.1002/jmor.1051450208

Grassé P. P., 1967, Traité de Zoologie 16

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1912.tb55164.x

Grinnell, J., Dixon, J. S. and Linsdale, J. M. 1937.Fur-bearing mammals of California777Berkeley: University of California Press.

Guggisberg, C. A. W. 1975.Wild cats of the world328London: David and Charles.

Haglund B., 1974, Le Naturaliste Canadien, 101, 457

Hatcher J. B., 1901, Carnegie Museum, 1, 65, 10.5962/p.234819

Herrero S., 1972, Bears, their biology and management, 221

10.1002/aja.1000900203

Hildebrand M., 1954, University of California Publications in Zoology, 52, 399

Hildebrand, M. 1974.Analysis of vertebrate structure710New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Hildebrand M., 1985, Functional vertebrate morphology, 89, 10.4159/harvard.9780674184404

10.1002/jmor.1051840103

Hill A. P., 1980, Fossils in the making, 131

10.1111/j.1096-3642.1940.tb02076.x

Hough J., 1949, Journal of Paleontology, 23, 536

Howell, A. B. 1944.Speed in animals270Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jenkins F. A., 1974, Primate locomotion, 85, 10.1016/B978-0-12-384050-9.50008-8

10.1002/jmor.1051820207

Johnsingh, A. J. T. 1981. Ecology and behaviour of the Dhole or Indian Wild Dog,Cuon alpinus, with special reference to predator-prey relations at Bandipur. Ph.D. dissertation, Madura University, India

Jolly C. J., 1972, British Museum (Natural History), 22, 1, 10.5962/p.313829

Kaufmann J. H., 1962, University of California Publications in Zoology, 60, 95

Kaufmann J. H., 1965, Zeitschrift für Saugertierkunde, 30, 146

Kingdon J., 1977, East African mammals, 3

Krott P., 1960, Monographien der Wildsaugetiere, 13, 1

Kruuk, H. 1972.The spotted hyaena335Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03262.x

Kurtén B., 1952, Commentationes Biologicae, 13, 1

Lamprecht J., 1978, Zeitschrift für Saugetierkunde, 43, 210

Langguth A., 1975, The wild canids, 192

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04155.x

Lekagul, B. and McNeeley, J. A. 1977.Mammals of Thailand758Bangkok: Bangkok Association for Conservation of Wildlife.

Leopold, A. S. 1959.Wildlife of Mexico568Berkeley: University of California Press.

10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01179.x

Matthew W. D., 1901, American Museum of Natural History, 1, 353

10.1111/j.1096-3642.1956.tb02220.x

Mech, L. D. 1966.The wolves of Isle Royale. Fauna of the Naturalist Parks of the United States, Fauna Series Number 7. U.S. Dept. of the Interior 210Washington, D.C.

Mellett J. S., 1977, Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution, 1, 1

Messick J. P., 1981, Wildlife Monographs, 76, 1

Mohr V. E., 1937, Zoology Anzeiger, 116, 65

Neff, N. A. and Marcus, L. F. 1980.A survey of multivariate methods for systematics243New York: Privately published.

Nie, N. H., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K. and Brent, D. H. 1975.SPSS, statistical package for the social sciences,, 2nd Edition 675New York: McGraw-Hill.

Novikov, G. A. 1962.Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the U.S.S.R. Number 62293Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Publications.

Nowak, R. M. and Paradiso, J. L. 1983.Walker's mammals of the world,, 4th Edition 1362Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Press.

10.2307/2405622

Olson E. C., 1971, Vertebrate paleozoology

Osborn, H. F. 1929. The titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota and Nebraska. 2 vols. United States Geological Survey Monograph 55. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C

10.1002/jmor.1051260302

10.2307/1380309

Powell, R. A. 1982.The fisher: life history, ecology and behavior217Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Prater, S. H. 1965.The book of Indian mammals,, 2nd Edition 323Bombay: Bombay Naturalist History Society.

Pringle J. A., 1979, South African Journal of Zoology, 14, 1, 10.1080/02541858.1979.11447639

10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<823:APATTI>2.0.CO;2

Reyment, R. A., Blackith, R. E. and Campbell, N. A. 1984.Multivariate morphometrics233London: Academic Press.

Riggs E. S., 1896, Kansas University Quarterly, 4, 237

Riggs E. S., 1896, Kansas University Quarterly, 5, 37

Savage, D. E. and Russell, D. E. 1983.Mammalian paleo-faunas of the world432Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Schaller G., 1969, Bombay Natural History Society, 66, 156

Schaller, G. 1972.The Serengeti lion480Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Scott, W. B. 1889.Notes on the osteology and systematic position ofDinictis felinaLeidy. Proceedings211–245. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

10.2307/1005518

Shipman, P. 1981.Life history of a fossil222Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Sikes S. K., 1964, African Wildlife, 18, 29

Swihart R. K., 1982, Canadian Field Naturalist, 96, 215, 10.5962/p.354821

10.2307/1378530

Taylor, M. E. 1971. The comparative anatomy of the limbs of East African Viverridae (Carnivora) and its relationship with locomotion. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada

10.1002/jmor.1051430305

Terres J. K., 1939, Journal of Mammalogy, 20, 256, 10.1093/jmammal/20.2.256

10.2307/1379044

Van Couvering J. A. H., 1980, Fossils in the making, 272

Van Valkenburgh, B. 1984. 286 A morphological analysis of ecological separation within past and present predator guilds. Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor

Van Valkenburgh B., 1985, Paleobiology, 11, 406, 10.1017/S0094837300011702

Voorhies M. R., 1969, Special Paper, 1, 1

Walker E. P., 1964, Mammals of the world

10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.002035