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Di truyền học và proteomics trong bệnh tâm thần phân liệt: Chúng ta có tiến gần hơn đến việc phát hiện biomarker không?
Tóm tắt
Lĩnh vực proteomics đã có những bước tiến vượt bậc trong 10 năm qua, đặc biệt là trong các lĩnh vực ung thư học và y học tim mạch. So với đó, neuroproteomics vẫn đang theo đuổi do tính phức tạp tương đối của các rối loạn thần kinh. Bệnh tâm thần phân liệt là một trong những rối loạn như vậy, được cho là kết quả của nhiều yếu tố cả về di truyền và môi trường. Ảnh hưởng đến hơn 2 triệu người chỉ riêng tại Hoa Kỳ, nó đã trở thành một mối quan tâm lớn trong lĩnh vực lâm sàng và sức khỏe cộng đồng toàn cầu. Bài báo này cung cấp một cập nhật về nghiên cứu biomarker của bệnh tâm thần phân liệt như đã được Lakhan xem xét vào năm 2006 và tổng hợp các tiến bộ đã đạt được trong hai năm qua. Nhiều nghiên cứu chứng minh tiềm năng của dịch não tủy như một nguồn biomarker đặc hiệu cho hệ thần kinh. Các nghiên cứu liên kết di truyền đang có những tiến triển trong việc xác định các gene ứng cử cho bệnh tâm thần phân liệt. Ngoài ra, các kỹ thuật metabonomics, bioinformatics và neuroimaging đang hướng tới việc hoàn thiện bức tranh bằng cách lấp đầy những khoảng trống kiến thức. Sự hợp tác quốc tế dưới dạng các cơ sở dữ liệu về gen và protein cũng như các ngân hàng não đang tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho nỗ lực nghiên cứu. Mặc dù không có bất kỳ sự phát triển gần đây nào được mô tả ở đây đủ tiêu chuẩn cho việc phát hiện biomarker, nhiều kết quả rất có thể là những viên đá tảng hướng tới mục tiêu đó.
Từ khóa
#bệnh tâm thần phân liệt #biomarker #di truyền học #proteomics #nghiên cứu protein #dịch não tủy #hợp tác quốc tếTài liệu tham khảo
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