Review: ischaemia–reperfusion injury in flap surgery

Kerrigan, 1993, Ischemia reperfusion injury: a review, Microsurgery, 14, 165, 10.1002/micr.1920140307

Arslan, 2005, The additive effects of carnitine and ascorbic acid on distally burned dorsal skin flap in rats, Med Sci Monit, 11, BR176

Cetin, 2001, Protective effect of fucoidin (a neutrophil rolling inhibitor) on ischemia reperfusion injury: experimental study in rat epigastric island flaps, Ann Plast Surg, 47, 540, 10.1097/00000637-200111000-00012

Rand-Luby, 1996, Improved outcome of surgical flaps treated with topical dimethylsulfoxide, Ann Surg, 224, 583, 10.1097/00000658-199610000-00016

Kuo, 2004, Nitrosoglutathione promotes flap survival via suppression of reperfusion injury-induced superoxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase induction, J Trauma, 57, 1025, 10.1097/01.TA.0000100372.92325.32

Whitson, 2006, Risk factors for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 131, 73, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.08.039

Kupiec-Weglinski, 2005, Ischemia and reperfusion injury in liver transplantation, Transplant Proc, 37, 1653, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.134

Burns, 1998, Apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury of human renal allografts, Transplantation, 66, 872, 10.1097/00007890-199810150-00010

Beyersdorf, 2004, Myocardial and endothelial protection for heart transplantation in the new millenium: lessons learned and future directions, J Heart Lung Transplant, 23, 657, 10.1016/j.healun.2003.09.009

Siemionow, 2004, Ischemia/reperfusion injury: a review in relation to free tissue transfers, Microsurgery, 24, 468, 10.1002/micr.20060

Shin, 1994, Effects of 21-aminosteroid U74389F on skin-flap survival after secondary ischemia, Plast Reconstr Surg, 94, 661, 10.1097/00006534-199410000-00014

Yoshida, 2005, Ischemia and reperfusion in skin flaps: effects of mannitol and vitamin C in reducing necrosis area in a rat experimental model, Acta Cir Bras, 20, 358, 10.1590/S0102-86502005000500004

Harder, 2008, An old dream revitalised: preconditioning strategies to protect surgical flaps from critical ischaemia and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 61, 503, 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.11.032

Nahabedian, 2004, Factors associated with anastomotic failure after microvascular reconstruction of the breast, Plast Reconstr Surg, 114, 74, 10.1097/01.PRS.0000127798.69644.65

Spear, 1998

Kroll, 2000, Fat necrosis in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps, Plast Reconstr Surg, 106, 576, 10.1097/00006534-200009010-00008

Ozmen, 2008, Impact of gradual blood flow increase on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat cremaster microcirculation model, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 61, 939, 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.05.017

Aydogan, 2007, Beneficial effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flaps, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 60, 563, 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.01.030

Feng, 2006, Periodic alterations of jejunal mucosa morphology following free microvascular transfer for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 59, 1312, 10.1016/j.bjps.2006.05.014

Manson, 1986, Improved survival in free skin flap transfers in rats, Surgery, 99, 211

Manson, 1983, The role of oxygen-free radicals in ischemic tissue injury in island skin flaps, Ann Surg, 198, 87, 10.1097/00000658-198307000-00017

Im, 1989, Xanthine:acceptor oxidoreductase activities in ischemic rat skin flaps, J Surg Res, 46, 230, 10.1016/0022-4804(89)90062-0

Angel, 1994, Effects of combined cold and hyperbaric oxygen storage on free flap survival, Microsurgery, 15, 648, 10.1002/micr.1920150909

Shah, 2004, Free radicals and redox signalling in cardiovascular disease, Heart, 90, 486, 10.1136/hrt.2003.029389

Kakita, 2002, Significance of xanthine oxidase in the production of intracellular oxygen radicals in an in-vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model, J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 9, 249, 10.1007/s005340200027

Nakai, 2006, Free radical production requires both inducible nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase in LPS-treated skin, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 4616, 10.1073/pnas.0510352103

Im, 1985, Effects of superoxide dismutase and allopurinol on the survival of acute island skin flaps, Ann Surg, 201, 357, 10.1097/00000658-198503000-00018

Tangney, 1998, Plasma vitamins E and C concentrations of adult patients during cardiopulmonary bypass, J Am Coll Nutr, 17, 162, 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718742

Coban, 2005, Ischemia-reperfusion injury of adipofascial tissue: an experimental study evaluating early histologic and biochemical alterations in rats, Mediators Inflamm, 2005, 304, 10.1155/MI.2005.304

Chew, 2004, Carotenoid action on the immune response, J Nutr, 134, 257S, 10.1093/jn/134.1.257S

Chan, 1999, Interaction of antioxidants and their implication in genetic anemia, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 222, 274, 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-144.x

Ramires, 2001, Glutathione supplementation and training increases myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion in vivo, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 281, H679, 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.2.H679

De Celle, 2004, Sustained protective effects of 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside in an in vivo model of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, Eur J Pharmacol, 494, 205, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.05.017

Hsieh, 2007, Resveratrol attenuates ischemia - reperfusion-induced leukocyte - endothelial cell adhesive interactions and prolongs allograft survival across the MHC barrier, Circ J, 71, 423, 10.1253/circj.71.423

Weinbroum, 2001, Liver glutathione level influences myocardial reperfusion injury following liver ischemia-reperfusion, Med Sci Monit, 7, 1137

Ozmen, 1999, The state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants following thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA and streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction, Jpn Heart J, 40, 267, 10.1536/jhj.40.267

Rhoden, 2001, Beneficial effect of alpha-tocopherol in renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats, Jpn J Pharmacol, 87, 164, 10.1254/jjp.87.164

Cetinkale, 1998, Involvement of neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion injury of inguinal island skin flaps in rats, Plast Reconstr Surg, 102, 153, 10.1097/00006534-199807000-00024

Im, 1993, Effects of sympathetic denervation and oxygen free radicals on neovascularization in skin flaps, Plast Reconstr Surg, 92, 736, 10.1097/00006534-199309001-00026

Sumer, 2005, Caspase inhibition enhances ischemic tolerance of fasciocutaneous flaps, Laryngoscope, 115, 1358, 10.1097/01.MLG.0000166696.68815.C8

Zaccaria, 1994, Vitamin C reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat epigastric island skin flap model, Ann Plast Surg, 33, 620, 10.1097/00000637-199412000-00010

Jaeschke, 2003, Molecular mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 284, G15, 10.1152/ajpgi.00342.2002

de Vries, 2003, Complement factor C5a mediates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury independent from neutrophils, J Immunol, 170, 3883, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3883

Dolan, 1998, In vivo correlation of neutrophil receptor expression, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibition in guinea pigs, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 124, 1377, 10.1001/archotol.124.12.1377

Simpson, 1993, Neutrophil and nonneutrophil-mediated injury in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, Ann Surg, 218, 444, 10.1097/00000658-199310000-00005

Namazi, 2008, A novel use of methimazole to ameliorate reperfusion injury, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.01.019

Askar, 2006, Protective effects of some antineoplastic agents on ischemia-reperfusion injury in epigastric island skin flaps, Microsurgery, 26, 193, 10.1002/micr.20193

Roth, 1998, The impact of L-arginine-nitric oxide metabolism on ischemia/reperfusion injury, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 1, 97, 10.1097/00075197-199801000-00016

Um, 1998, Involvement of nitric oxide in survival of random pattern skin flap, Plast Reconstr Surg, 101, 785, 10.1097/00006534-199803000-00030

Nilsson, 1997, Pretreatment with L-arginine reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver, Transplant Proc, 29, 3111, 10.1016/S0041-1345(97)00801-4

Kim, 2007, The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study in a rat TRAM flap model, Plast Reconstr Surg, 120, 1774, 10.1097/01.prs.0000287131.53488.c4

Meldrum, 1999, Effects of L-NAME and L-arginine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle, Plast Reconstr Surg, 103, 935, 10.1097/00006534-199903000-00025

Kuo, 2004, Nitrosoglutathione improves blood perfusion and flap survival by suppressing iNOS but protecting eNOS expression in the flap vessels after ischemia/reperfusion injury, Surgery, 135, 437, 10.1016/j.surg.2003.07.006

Mittermayr, 2003, Protective effect of a novel NO-donor on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat epigastric flap model, Wound Repair Regen, 11, 3, 10.1046/j.1524-475X.2003.11103.x

Nanobashvili, 2004, Combined L-arginine and antioxidative vitamin treatment mollifies ischemia-reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle, J Vasc Surg, 39, 868, 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.10.060

Cordeiro, 1997, The protective effect of L-arginine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flaps, Plast Reconstr Surg, 100, 1227, 10.1097/00006534-199710000-00023

Scarabelli, 2004, Functional and clinical repercussions of myocyte apoptosis in the multifaceted damage by ischemia/reperfusion injury: old and new concepts after 10 years of contributions, Cell Death Differ, 11, S144, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401544

Jaeschke, 2002, Reperfusion injury after warm ischemia or cold storage of the liver: role of apoptotic cell death, Transplant Proc, 34, 2656, 10.1016/S0041-1345(02)03464-4

Kohli, 1999, Endothelial cell and hepatocyte deaths occur by apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver, Transplantation, 67, 1099, 10.1097/00007890-199904270-00003