Phản ứng của các loài cỏ đối với việc ngâm nước thử nghiệm vào mùa hè: những tác động đối với việc quản lý các dòng chảy không theo mùa trong các con sông đã được điều tiết

Lyndsey M. Vivian1, Joe Greet2, Christopher S. Jones1
1Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Australia
2School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Burnley Campus, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Australia

Tóm tắt

Việc điều tiết sông đã làm thay đổi thời gian theo mùa của dòng chảy ở nhiều con sông trên toàn cầu, ảnh hưởng đến sự sống sót và tăng trưởng của các loài thực vật cây ven sông. Tại đông nam Australia, nhu cầu về nước tưới vào mùa hè thường dẫn đến dòng chảy cao trong một mùa mà lẽ ra sẽ trải qua dòng chảy thấp. Mặc dù dòng chảy cao không theo mùa vào mùa hè được cho là ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến các tuyến đường thủy, nhưng tác động của chúng đến hệ thực vật vẫn chưa được định lượng chính xác. Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu phản ứng của năm loài cỏ thường gặp ở khu vực ven sông đối với các thời gian ngâm khác nhau vào mùa hè. Chúng tôi đã thử nghiệm về phản ứng của ba loài cỏ ngoại lai và hai loài cỏ bản địa đối với bốn điều trị ngâm nước (4 tuần, 8 tuần, 2 đợt ngâm và không ngâm), cùng với hai mức độ che bóng (không che bóng và giảm 80% ánh sáng), trong thời gian 8 tuần vào mùa hè và đầu mùa thu. Tất cả các điều trị ngâm nước, bao gồm cả đợt ngâm 2 tuần, đều dẫn đến cái chết của tất cả các cây của ba loài (Bromus catharticus, Dactylis glomerata và Rytidosperma caespitosum). Lolium perenne có tỷ lệ sống sót trung bình trong các điều trị ngâm không có che bóng thời gian ngắn hơn, trong khi Poa labillardierei phần lớn đã sống sót qua tất cả các điều trị. Các phản ứng tương tự giữa các loài cũng được ghi nhận đối với chiều cao và khối lượng sinh khối của cây, mặc dù chiều cao thường tăng lên trong khi sự phát triển khối lượng sinh khối bị giảm do che bóng. Những kết quả này cho thấy ngay cả những thời gian ngâm 2 tuần vào mùa hè cũng có thể làm giảm sự phát triển và gây ra cái chết của một số loài cỏ ven sông. Mặc dù một số loài có thể sống sót qua những khoảng thời gian ngâm lâu hơn, tác động đến những khía cạnh khác của sức sống, cũng như các tác động tiếp diễn của việc ngâm nước không theo mùa lặp lại, vẫn chưa chắc chắn. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi nhấn mạnh rằng tác động của các dòng chảy không theo mùa cần được điều tra thêm và quản lý cẩn thận.

Từ khóa

#dòng chảy không theo mùa #thực vật ven sông #phản ứng của cỏ #ngâm nước #quản lý tài nguyên nước

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