Reconstructing the Locomotor Repertoire of Protopithecus brasiliensis. II. Forelimb Morphology

Anatomical Record - Tập 294 Số 12 - Trang 2048-2063 - 2011
Lauren B. Halenar1
1The Graduate Center, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York, New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe majority of previous publications have suggested that the large‐bodied subfossil Protopithecus brasiliensis was a suspensory ateline with a locomotor repertoire similar to that of extant Ateles and Brachyteles. This is unexpected, as the cranial morphology of Protopithecus is very similar to Alouatta, a genus usually classified as a deliberate quadrupedal climber. Complicating matters further, as Protopithecus is twice as large as Ateles and Brachyteles, its ability to be as suspensory as those two genera is suspect and a terrestrial component of the locomotor repertoire has also been hypothesized. The forelimbs of Protopithecus, while relatively elongated as would be expected in a suspensory animal, are also quite robust and show several adaptations for climbing. To test these hypotheses about the fossil locomotor repertoire, three‐dimensional geometric morphometric techniques were used to quantify the shapes of the fossil distal humerus and proximal ulna and then compare them to a broad sample of extant primates with varying body sizes and locomotor patterns. Results indicate that Protopithecus is similar to Ateles and Brachyteles in terms of its forelimb joint surface morphology; however, the overall locomotor repertoire of the fossil is reconstructed as more flexible to include forelimb suspension, climbing, and potentially some terrestrial ground use. The combination of suspensory locomotion and quadrupedal climbing supported here indicates the beginnings of the evolutionary transition from a more acrobatic style of locomotion in the last common ancestor of alouattins and atelins to the current pattern of howler locomotion. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.008

10.1098/rspb.2007.0750

10.1002/ajpa.20055

10.1111/j.1096-3642.1963.tb00222.x

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1964.tb05151.x

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb02004.x

10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.002

Auler AS, 2004, Palaeoenvironments in semi‐arid northeastern Brazil inferred from high precision mass spectrometric speleothem and travertine ages and the dynamics of South American rainforests, Speleogenesis Evol Karst Aquifers, 2, 1

Biegert J, 1963, Classification and human evolution, 116

Bookstein FL, 1991, Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology

10.1007/s10764-005-6457-1

Cartelle C, 1994, Tempo Passado: Mamíferos do Pleistoceno em Minas Gerais

10.1073/pnas.93.13.6405

Collins AC, 2001, The importance of sampling for reliable assessment of phylogenetics and conservation among neotropical primates: a case study in spider monkeys (Ateles), Primate Rep, 61, 9

10.1023/A:1005487802312

10.1023/A:1005435718241

Cooke SB, 2007, Protopithecus, Paralouatta, and Alouatta: the making of a platyrrhine folivore, Am J Phys Anthropol, 132, 90

10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00308-1

10.1007/978-1-4613-8271-3_6

10.1017/CBO9780511610233.016

Di Fiore A, 2007, Primates in perspective, 155

10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.005

10.1086/284079

Erikson GE, 1963, Brachiation in New World monkeys and in anthropoid apes, Symp Zool Soc Lond, 10, 135

Fleagle JG, 1999, Primate adaptation and evolution

10.1002/ajp.1350340211

10.1002/ajp.1350260405

Gebo DL, 1993, Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates, 220

10.1002/ajpa.1330930306

10.1002/evan.10123

Halenar LB, 2011, Reconstructing the locomotor repertoire of Protopithecus brasiliensis I: body size, Anat Rec.

Hammer Ø, 2001, PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis, Palaeontolog Electron, 4, 1

10.1006/jhev.1995.1011

10.1007/978-1-4020-6997-0_17

Hartwig WC, 1995, Protopithecus: rediscovering the first fossil primate, Hist Philos Life Sci, 17, 447

10.1006/jhev.1995.1013

10.1038/381307a0

10.1006/jhev.1997.0179

10.1007/BF02381373

10.1002/ajpa.20766

10.1007/BF02437254

10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998

10.1007/978-1-4615-1343-8_10

Kay RF, 2010, The paleontology of Gran Barranca: evolution and environmental change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 220

10.1007/978-1-4615-1343-8_9

Larson SG, 1993, Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates, 45

10.1002/ajp.20910

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199904)108:4<459::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-R

Lund PW, 1838, Blik paa Brasiliens dyreverden for sidste jordomvaeltning, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afhandlinger, 8, 61

10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01049-5

10.1016/j.yqres.2005.05.003

10.1206/0003-0082(2003)394<0001:DDZAEM>2.0.CO;2

10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3516[1:PROTEM]2.0.CO;2

10.1007/s10764-007-9218-5

10.1006/mpev.1998.0574

Meldrum DJ, 1993, Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates, 235

10.1002/ajpa.1330450210

10.1002/ajp.20405

Napier JR, 1963, Brachiation and brachiators, Symp Zool Soc Lond, 10, 183

Napier JR, 1967, A handbook of living primates

10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19320251.x

O'Higgins P, 2006, morphologika2

Oxnard CE, 1963, Locomotor adaptations in the primate forelimb, Symp Zool Soc Lond, 10, 165

10.1007/978-1-4899-3647-9_17

10.1525/aa.1965.67.5.02a00060

10.1002/ajpa.1330970408

10.1016/0047-2484(91)90032-Q

10.1007/BF01731356

10.1016/0047-2484(88)90054-1

Rose MD, 1993, Postcranial adaptation in nonhuman primates, 70

Rosenberger AL, Fossil Alouattins and the origins of Alouatta: craniodental diversity and interrelationships, J Hum Evol

10.1002/ajpa.1330450214

10.1016/0047-2484(89)90102-4

10.1007/978-0-387-78705-3_4

Schön Ybarra MA, 1976, Development of the basicranium, 664

10.1002/ajpa.1330630109

Stern JT, 1971, Functional mycology of the hip and thigh of Cebid monkeys and its implications for the evolution of erect posture, Bibl Primatol, 14, 1

Stern JT, 1975, Before bipedality, Yearb Phys Anthropol, 19, 59

10.1002/ajpa.1330970102

Stern JT, 1973, Primate locomotion: some links with evolution and morphology, Primatologia, 4, 1

10.1159/000156176

10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02446.x

10.1002/ajpa.20422

Winge H, 1895, Jordfundne og nulevende aber (Primates) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brasilien, E Mus Lundii, 2, 1

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Anatomical Record

Tập 294 Số 12

2048-2063

Thông tin tác giả