Reagents used in the flotation of phosphate ores: a critical review

Abramov, 1993, Mechanism of reverse flotation calcareous phosphate ores, 281

Al-Fariss, 1993, Beneficiation of carbonate rich saudi phosphate rocks, 251

Anazia, 1987, New flotation approach for carbonate phosphate separation, Min. Metall. Process., 4, 196

Assis, 1996, Utilization of hydroxamates in minerals froth flotation, Minerals Eng., 9, 103, 10.1016/0892-6875(95)00134-4

Baudet, G., Save, M., 1999. Phosphoric esters as carbonate collectors in the flotation of sedimentary phosphate ores. In: Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Wiegel, R. (Eds.), Beneficiation of Phosphates: Advances in Research and Practice, pp. 163–185

Buttner, B.M., Grote, J., Vogt, V., Bahr, A., 1991. Flotation and flocculation of ultrafine-grained apatite ores. In: Proceedings of XVII. Int. Min. Process. Congress, Bergakademie, Freiberg, vol. 1, pp. 71–82

Clifford, 1998, Technology research improves phosphate economics, Min. Eng., 98, 46

Clerici, 1984, Flotation of phosphate rock with carbonate-quartz gangue, 221

Dho, H., Iwasaki, I., 1990. Role of Sodium Silicate in Phosphate Flotation. Preprint 90-130, SME Annual Meeting, Littleton, Colorado

Doren, 1975, Nonionic surfactants as flotation of collectors, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 84, 37

Elgillani, 1993, Flotation of carbonates from phosphate ores in acidic media, Int. J. Min. Process., 38, 235, 10.1016/0301-7516(93)90077-N

El-Shall, 2000, Collector–frother interaction in column flotation of Florida phosphate, Int. J. Min. Process., 58, 187, 10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00054-X

Filippov, L.O., Houot, R., 1997. Synergistic effects of a nonionic reagent with heteropolar collectors on the nonsulfide ores flotation. In: Proc. XX Int. Min. Process. Congress, Aachen, vol. 3, p. 427–436

Fuerstenau, 1993, The role of surface transformation processes on the surface chemical and flotation behavior of dolomite and apatite, 171

Giesekke, 1985, Florida phosphate rock, 1

Giesekke, 1984, Use of polyethoxylene compounds in flotation of fluorite with fatty acids, 227

Giesekke, 1994, The role of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers in apatite flotation at Foskor, Phalaborwa (South Africa), Minerals Eng., 7, 1345, 10.1016/0892-6875(94)00075-1

Hanna, H.S., Somasundaran, P., 1976. Flotation of salt-type minerals. In: Fuerstenau, M.C. (Ed.), Flotation: Gaudin Memorial Volume, vol. 1, pp. 197–272

Helbig, 1998, Investigation of langmuir monofilms and flotation experiments with anionic/cationic collector mixtures, Int. J. Min. Process., 53, 135, 10.1016/S0301-7516(97)00077-X

Henchiri, 1993, A contribution to carbonates–phosphate separation by flotation technique, 225

Houot, 1981, Reverse cationic flotation of sedimentary siliceous phosphates, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 10, C142

Houot, 1985, Selective flotation of phosphate ores having a silicous and/or a carbonated gangue, Int. J. Min. Process., 14, 245, 10.1016/0301-7516(85)90049-3

Hsieh, 1985, Beneficiation of dolomitic idaho phosphate rock by the TVA diphosphonic acid depressant process, SME Min. Metall. Process., 2, 10

Huang, 1996, Adsorption behavior of cationic and nonionic surfactant mixtures at the alumina–water interface, J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 177, 222, 10.1006/jcis.1996.0024

Karjalahti, 1972, Factors affecting the conditioning of an apatite ore for agglomeration flotation, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 81, C119

Lovell, V.M., 1976. Froth characteristics in phosphate flotation. In: Fuerstenau, M.C. (Ed.), Flotation: Gaudin Memorial Volume, vol. 1, pp. 597–621

Lu, S., Sun, K., 1999. Development of phosphate flotation reagents in China. In: Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Wiegel, R. (Eds.), Beneficiation of Phosphates: Advances in Research and Practice, pp. 21–26

Lu, S., Zhou, Q., Xu, H., Zou, J., Duan, Q., 1997. Surfactant-synergy in fatty acid flotation. In: Proc. XX Int. Min. Process. Congress, Aachen, vol. 3, pp. 593–604

Lu, Y., Liu, N., Wang, X., Miller, J.D., 1999. Improved phosphate flotation with nonionic polymers. In: Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Wiegel, R. (Eds.), Beneficiation of Phosphates: Advances in Research and Practice, pp. 3–19

Miller, J.D., Wang, X., Li, M., 2001. A new collector chemistry for phosphate flotation, Preprint 01-46, SME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 26–28

Mishra, 1982, Electrokinetic properties and flotation behavior of apatite and calcite in the presence of sodium oleate and sodium metasilicate, Int. J. Min. Process., 9, 59, 10.1016/0301-7516(82)90006-0

Onal, G., 1975. Mazidagi low-grade calcareous phosphate ore flotation. In: Proceedings of Cento Symposium on the Mining and Beneficiation of Fertilizer Minerals, Istanbul, pp. 171–179

Pinto, C.A.F., Yarar, B., Araujo, A.C., 1991. Apatite flotation kinetics with conventional and new collectors, Preprint 91-80, SME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 25–28

Polat, 1999, Kinetics of oil dispersion in the absence and presence of block copolymers, AIChE, 45, 1866, 10.1002/aic.690450904

Prasad, 2000, Reverse flotation of sedimentary calcareous/dolomitic rock phosphate ore––an overview, SME Min. Metall. Process., 17, 49

Qi, 1992, Selective flotation of apatite from iron oxides, Int. J. Min. Process., 34, 83, 10.1016/0301-7516(92)90017-Q

Rao, 1997, Mixed collector systems in flotation, Int. J. Min. Process., 51, 67, 10.1016/S0301-7516(97)00039-2

Rao, 1985, Flotation of calcareous missouri phosphate ore, Int. J. Min. Process., 14, 57, 10.1016/0301-7516(85)90014-6

Rao, K.H., Su, F., Forssberg, K.S.E., 1999. Flotation kinetics of apatite from magnetite. In: Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Wiegel, R. (Eds.), Beneficiation of Phosphates: Advances in Research and Practice, pp. 103–125

Rosen, 1982, Surface concentrations and molecular interactions in binary mixtures of surfactants, J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 86, 164, 10.1016/0021-9797(82)90052-2

Rule, A.R., Larson, D.E., Dallenbach, C.B., 1982. Application of calcite–silica flotation techniques to western phosphate minerals. US Bureau of Mines, RI. no. 8728

Rybinski, 1986, Adsorption of surfactant mixtures in froth flotation, Langmuir, 2, 639, 10.1021/la00071a020

Salmawy, M.S., 1997. Solution chemistry of anionic/nonionic surfactants and its role in the flotation separation of quartz from feldspar. In: Proc. XX. Int. Min. Process. Congress, Aachen 3, pp. 617–625

Seth, 1975, Disodium dodecyl phosphate as a collector in the calcite–apatite mineral system, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 84, C56

Shao, 1993, Adsorption properties of dissolved ions and their effects on the separation of collophane and dolomite, 267

Shao, 1998, Enhanced flotation separation of phosphate and dolomite using a new amphoteric collector, SME Min. Metall. Process., 15, 11

Sharma, 1989, Studies on mixed surfactant systems: effect of some anionic surfactants on cloud point of poly(nona)oxyethylated nonylphenol, J. Am. Oil Chemists, 66, 1015, 10.1007/BF02682629

Sis, H., Chander, S., 2000. Enhancing flotation recovery of phosphate ore by nonionic surfactant. In: Massacci, P. (Ed.), Proc. XXI Int. Min. Process. Congress, Rome, Italy July 23–27, vol. B, pp. 124–130

Smani, 1975, Beneficiation of sedimentary phosphate ores. Part 3: Selective flotation and recovery, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., 258, 176

Snow, R.E., 1979. Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore, US Patent # 4,144, 969

Snow, R.E., 1982. Flotation of Phosphate Ores Containing Dolomite, US Patent # 4,364,824

Somasundaran, P., Maltesh, C., 1997. Fatty acid treatment of phosphate ores under laboratory and plant conditions. In: Hoberg, H., von Blottmitz, H. (Eds.), Proc. XX. Int. Min. Process. Congress, September 21–26, Aachen, Germany, vol. 3, pp. 573–583

Somasundaran, 1998, Interfacial properties of calcium phosphates, 185

Somasundaran, P., Xiao, L., Vasudevan, T.V., 1991. Separation of salt-type minerals by flotation using a structurally modified collectors. In: Proc. XVII. Int. Min. Process. Congress, Bergakademie, Freiberg, 2, pp. 379–391

Suri, 1989, Studies on the micellar behavior of binary surfactant systems: sodium oleate+alcohol oxyethylates, J. Surf. Sci. Technol., 5, 355

Tanaka, 1988, Reagents in phosphate flotation, 645

Valdiviezo, 1993, Synergism in aqueous solutions of surfactant mixtures and its effect on the hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces, Minerals Eng., 6, 655, 10.1016/0892-6875(93)90119-8

Wu, 1993

Yu, Q., Ye, Y., Miller, J.D., 1990. A study of surfactant/oil emulsions for fine coal flotation. In: Attia, Y.A. (Ed.), Advances in Fine Particles Process, pp. 345–335

Zheng, 1997, Dolomite depressants in the flotation of apatite and collophane from dolomite, Minerals Eng., 10, 537, 10.1016/S0892-6875(97)00031-9

Zhang, 1997, Challenging the “Crago” double float process ii. Amine-type-fatty acid flotation of silicious phosphates, Minerals Eng., 10, 983, 10.1016/S0892-6875(97)00078-2

Zhang, P., Yu, Y., Hanson, H., Snow, R., 1999. Fundamentals and practical implications of the role of polymers in separating silica from phosphate. In: Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Wiegel, R. (Eds.), Beneficiation of Phosphates: Advances in Research and Practice, pp. 41–52