Prediction of non-responsiveness to standard high-dose gamma-globulin therapy in patients with acute Kawasaki disease before starting initial treatment

Ahn SY, Kim DS (2005) Treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with methotrexate. Scand J Rheumatol 34(2):136–139

Burns JC, Mason WH, Hauger SB, Janai H, Bastian JF, Wohrley JD, Balfour I, Shen CA, Michel ED, Shulman ST, Melish ME (2005) Infliximab treatment for refractory Kawasaki syndrome. J Pediat 146(5):662–667

Cheung YF, Yung TC, Tam SC, Ho MH, Chau AK (2004) Novel and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children after Kawasaki disease: implications for premature atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(1):120–124

de Zorzi A, Colan SD, Gauvreau K, Baker AL, Sundel RP, Newburger JW (1998) Coronary artery dimensions may be misclassified as normal in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 133(2):254–258

Dhillon R, Clarkson P, Donald AE, Powe AJ, Nash M, Novelli V, Dillon MJ, Deanfield JE (1996) Endothelial dysfunction late after Kawasaki disease. Circulation 94(9):2103–2106

Durongpisitkul K, Soongswang J, Laohaprasitiporn D, Nana A, Prachuabmoh C, Kangkagate C (2003) Immunoglobulin failure and retreatment in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Cardiol 24(2):145–148

Eberhard BA, Andersson U, Laxer RM, Rose V, Silverman ED (1995) Evaluation of the cytokine response in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14(3):199–203

Fukunishi M, Kikkawa M, Hamana K, Onodera T, Matsuzaki K, Matsumoto Y, Hara J (2000) Prediction of non-responsiveness to intravenous high-dose gamma-globulin therapy in patients with Kawasaki disease at onset. J Pediatr 137(2):172–176

Furusho K, Kamiya T, Nakano H, Kiyosawa N, Shinomiya K, Hayashidera T, Tamura T, Hirose O, Manabe Y, Yokoyama T, Kawarano M, Baba K, Baba K, Mori C (1984) High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease. Lancet 2(8411):1055–1058

Hamamichi Y, Ichida F, Yu X, Hirono KI, Uese KI, Hashimoto I, Tsubata S, Yoshida T, Futatani T, Kanegane H, Miyawaki T (2001) Neutrophils and mononuclear cells express vascular endothelial growth factor in acute Kawasaki disease: its possible role in progression of coronary artery lesions. Pediatr Res 49(1):74–80

Harada K (1991) Intravenous gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease. Acta Paediatr Jpn 33(6):805–810

Hashino K, Ishii M, Iemura M, Akagi T, Kato H (2001) Re-treatment for immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: a comparative study of additional immune globulin and steroid pulse therapy. Pediatr Int 43(3):211–217

Kariyazono H, Ohno T, Khajoee V, Ihara K, Kusuhara K, Kinukawa N, Mizuno Y, Hara T (2004) Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor gene polymorphisms with coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res 56(6):953–959

Kawasaki T (1967) Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children [in Japanese]. Arerugi 16(3):178–222

Kurotobi S, Nagai T, Kawakami N, Sano T (2002) Coronary diameter in normal infants, children and patients with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int 44(1):1–4

Leung DY, Cotran RS, Kurt-Jones E, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Pober JS (1989) Endothelial cell activation and high interleukin-1 secretion in the pathogenesis of acute Kawasaki disease. Lancet 2(8675):1298–1302

Lin CY, Lin CC, Hwang B, Chiang B (1992) Serial changes of serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha among patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 121(6):924–926

Mitani Y, Okuda Y, Shimpo H, Uchida F, Hamanaka K, Aoki K, Sakurai M (1997) Impaired endothelial function in epicardial coronary arteries after Kawasaki disease. Circulation 96(2):454–461

Mori M, Imagawa T, Yasui K, Kanaya A, Yokota S (2000) Predictors of coronary artery lesions after intravenous gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 137(2):177–180

Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, Colan SD, Duffy CE, Fulton DR, Glode MP, Mason WH, Meissner HC, Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Reddy V, Sundel RP, Wiggins JW, Colton T, Melish ME, Rosen FS (1991) A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med 324(23):1633–1639

Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, Gewitz MH, Tani LY, Burns JC, Shulman ST, Bolger AF, Ferrieri P, Baltimore RS, Wilson WR, Baddour LM, Levison ME, Pallasch TJ, Falace DA, Taubert KA; Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association; American Academy of Pediatrics (2004) Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation 110(17):2747–2771

Noto N, Okada T, Yamasuge M, Taniguchi K, Karasawa K, Ayusawa M, Sumimoto N, Harada K (2001) Noninvasive assessment of the early progression of atherosclerosis in adolescents with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesions. Pediatrics 107(5):1095–1099

Senzaki H, Kobayashi T, Nagasaka H, Nakano H, Kyo S, Yokote Y, Sasakid N (2003) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with Kawasaki disease: diagnostic value for the prediction of coronary artery lesion and implication for a new mode of therapy. Pediatr Res 53(6):983–988

Suddleson EA, Reid B, Woolley MM, Takahashi M (1987) Hydrops of the gallbladder associated with Kawasaki syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 22(10):956–959

Sundel RP, Baker AL, Fulton DR, Newburger JW (2003) Corticosteroids in the initial treatment of Kawasaki disease: report of a randomized trial. J Pediatr 142(6):611–616

Sundel RP, Burns JC, Baker A, Beiser AS, Newburger JW (1993) Gamma globulin re-treatment in Kawasaki disease. J Pediat 123(4):657–659

Williams RV, Wilke VM, Tani LY, Minich LL (2002) Does abciximab enhance regression of coronary aneurysms resulting from Kawasaki disease? Pediatrics 109(1):E4

Wright DA, Newburger JW, Baker A, Sundel RP (1996) Treatment of immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease with pulsed doses of corticosteroids. J Pediatr 128(1):146–149

Yanagawa H, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Oki I, Hirata S, Zhang T, Kawasaki T (2001) Incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in 1997 and 1998 in Japan. Pediatrics 107(3):E33

Yu X, Hirono KI, Ichida F, Uese K, Rui C, Watanabe S, Watanabe K, Hashimoto I, Kumada T, Okada E, Terai M, Suzuki A, Miyazaki T (2004) Enhanced iNOS expression in leukocytes and circulating endothelial cells is associated with the progression of coronary artery lesions in acute Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res 55(4):688–694