Population structure of short‐finned pilot whales in the oceanic archipelago of Madeira based on photo‐identification and genetic analyses: implications for conservation

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems - Tập 23 Số 5 - Trang 758-776 - 2013
Filipe Alves1,2, Sophie Quérouil3, Ana Dinis1,2, Cátia Nicolau4, Cláudia Ribeiro1,4, Luís Freitas1,4, Manfred Kaufmann1,2, Caterina Maria Fortuna5
1CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
2University of Madeira Centre of Life Sciences, Marine Biology Station of Funchal Madeira Portugal
3Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier Université Montpellier 2 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
4Madeira Whale Museum Caniçal Madeira Portugal
5Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACTPilot whalesGlobicephalaspp. are known to display a hierarchical social pattern, but longitudinal data to infer population structure of short‐finned pilot whalesGlobicephala macrorhynchusare rare.Using data collected between 2003‐2011 in the oceanic archipelago of Madeira, the grouping structure of short‐finned pilot whales was studied using photo‐identification methods and mtDNA sequences and microsatellite markers to test the hypotheses that (1) there is at least one pelagic and one or more island‐associated communities, and (2) groups are made of related individuals, with a matrilineal social structure.Pilot whales demonstrated a large degree of variability in site fidelity, including residents (up to 14‐year interval), regular visitors and transients. The social and temporal analyses revealed a well‐differentiated society with long‐lasting relationships (of years). The genetic analyses suggested that individuals of the three residency patterns may not be genetically isolated, and that small groups are made up of related individuals, suggesting some degree of social philopatry, while large groups are probably temporary associations of smaller groups.It is proposed that the pilot whales encountered in Madeira belong to a single population encompassing several clans, possibly three clans of island‐associated whales and others of transients, each containing two to three matrilineal pods, each with a mean of 15 individuals (SD=9, range: 4‐29). We suggest that the clans interact for mating purposes when they meet.For management decisions, it is considered that the island‐associated whales should not be regarded as demographically independent populations, but instead as stable social entities to be included in governmental management plans and requiring periodic evaluation of their status. The high proportion of marked individuals and low rate of mark change encourages further research in this species.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Tập 23 Số 5

758-776

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